Öffentlichkeitsarbeit der Kirche und Massenkommunikation

Öffentlichkeitsarbeit und Gettogefahr: Das Wirken der Kirche ist seinem Wesennach öffentlich, Öffentlichkeit ist konstitutiv für seine Wirkung. Wirken und Wirkung sind in ihrer Öffentlichkeit begründet im universalen Zuspruch und Anspruch der eschatologischen Selbstmitteilung Gottes im Alten und Neuen Testament. Die Mitte der Öffentlichkeit ist Person und Wort Jesu, sie setzt keine Grenzen und läßt sich keine Grenzen setzen. Das "Zeugnis vor grundsätzlich unbegrenztem Forum (ist) die charakteristische Form christlichen Wortes ... Die eminente Öffentlichkeit und die damit sich einstellende Geschichtlichkeit ist die Folge des Wahrheitsverständnisses diristlichen Wortes." Universal ist Zuspruch und Anspruch Gottes und damit der Auftrag der Kirche, partiell ist ihr tatsächlicher Kontakt. Der partielle Kontakt, wird er nicht durch die Antriebskräfte des universalen Auftrags überschritten und relativiert, birgt in sich die Gefahr der Gettobildung. (...)English Karl Barth has found the history of the Church in modern times as history of "awakening of the Church to the world." This is a process of tension and promise. The Church must be open for example in charitable efforts, and should continuously become critical towards the temptation of concentrating only on oneself. Beside the many aims of communications in public the Church has a basic duty to find and to show where there is suffering. To this also belongs freedom, especially freedom in the Church herself. The Church's main problem in the mass media and radio and television is the combination of entertainment and proclamation. This is only a beginning, since in the media commerce wants to occupy nearly everything, thus distorting real communication, and the Church consequently has to fight continuously for a real communication.

Characterisation of transcriptome changes caused by alcohol addiction

Alcoholism is a psychiatric disorder whose main symptom is an uncontrollable desire to consume alcoholic beverages and which is often associated with a disturbed impulse control. The aim of this thesis was to improve the understanding of the molecular foundations of alcohol addiction and impulsive behaviour through four gene expression studies. The first sub-project analysed if there is an interaction between alcohol addiction and the body's 'endogenous clock'. DNA microarrays were used to measure genome-wide transcription rates in the nucleus accumbens of alcohol-drinking rats and control animals at different times of the day. The experiment did not provide evidence that such a systematic interaction is taking place in the investigated brain region. Based on the vast number of genes that were found to be diurnally oscillating, the study could nonetheless show how important it is to consider the time of measurement as an important variable in gene expression experiments. The second sub-project aimed at registering genome-wide transcription curves over a period of 24 hours in the blood of healthy human volunteers. Using also DNA microarrays, the main focus was again on genes with circadian oscillating expression levels. The obtained rhythmic expression profiles were mostly from immune genes and can now be used as a baseline for a follow-up study which will assess the impact of alcohol addiction on diurnal gene expression profiles in human blood. In the third study we analysed genome-wide transcription levels in the infralimbic cortex and the nucleus accumbens of rats which had been selectively bred for extremes of high and low impulsivity. This microarray study discovered several genes which were closely linked to the degree of impulsive behaviour in the rats. Some of the most differentially expressed genes were P2ry12, Frzb and Gprc5b. In the fourth sub-project we analysed the expression of four candidate genes, AUTS2, GRIN3A, RASGRF2 and TACR1 in brain tissue taken from deceased alcoholics and non-alcoholic control persons. The expression of AUTS2 was linked to a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) which was situated in an intronic region of the gene and which had been previously associated with increased alcohol consumption. No such link could be established for RASGRF2 concerning a similarly situated SNP. The expression of GRIN3A was elevated in the prefrontal cortex and the expression of TACR1 diminished in the anterior cingulate cortex of alcohol addicted subjects

Über die Rolle des Stickstoffs im Futterbau

Von den Stickstoff-Formen, die seit langem als N-Düngemittel gebräuchlich sind, hat jede ihre Vorteile und Nachteile für die N-Versorgung von Futterpflanzen. Alle zusammen werden sehr rasch, z.T. nach Umwandlung in Salpeter, von den Pflanzen aufgenommen und deshalb ist ihre Wirkung meistens sehr schnell im ersten Aufwuchs verpufft. Aber die beiden jetzt in Deutschland in Prüfung befindlichen langsam löslichen N-Düngemittel, der Ureaform und das Floranid, weisen in der grossen Abhängigkeit ihrer Löslichkeit von der derzeitigen Witterung oft eine schlechtere Wirkung als die althergebrachten Düngemittel auf. Ihr Preis, der jetzt für landwirtschaftliche Nutzung vollkommen undiskutabel ist, dürfte in Angebot und Nachfrage eine starke Senkung erfahren können. Die Ansichten über die Höhe der Stickstoffdüngung sind bei Futterpflanzen seit dem Zweiten Weltkrieg in Fluss geraten. Während wir auf der Intensivweide relativ klar sehen, nämlich dass wir sehr hoch, in günstiger Klimalage bis 300 kg/ha N, düngen dürfen, kann die Menge, die von den verschiedenen Pflanzengesellschaften der Dauerwiese ausgenutzt wird, noch nicht sicher mit festen Ratschlägen angegeben werden. Im Ackerfutterbau treten, wie auf dem Dauergrünland, nach stärkeren N-Gaben Veränderungen in der stofflichen Zusammensetzung des Aufwuchses ein, die tierphysiologische Bedeutung haben, wenn nicht eine Kompensation mit anderen Futtermitteln vorgenommen wird, die vor allem eine Ergänzung in Form von essentiellen Aminosäuren besitzen. Es zeichnen sich noch andere natürliche Grenzen ab, z.B. nach starker Nutzung in der unvollkommenen Ersetzung von Reservestoffen in der Graspflanze durch Stickstoffdüngung, sowie in der unvollständigen Verarbeitung des in mineralischer Form aufgenommenen Stickstoffs durch die Pflanze. Wahrscheinlich dürfte indes in den meisten landwirtschaftlichen Betrieben die Höhe der verabreichten Stickstoffgaben letztlich mehr von betriebswirtschaftlichen Erwägungen als von solchen pflanzen- oder tierphysiologischer Art bestimmt werden

4 kirja J. Ch. Gottsched`ile, St. Petersburg

http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b1880884~S1*es

A prospective observational study comparing a non-operator dependent automatic PWV analyser to pulse pressure, in assessing arterial stiffness in hemodialysis.

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) accelerates vascular stiffening related to age. Arterial stiffness may be evaluated measuring the carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) or more simply, as recommended by KDOQI, monitoring pulse pressure (PP). Both correlate to survival and incidence of cardiovascular disease. PWV can also be estimated on the brachial artery using a Mobil-O-Graph; a non-operator dependent automatic device. The aim was to analyse whether, in a dialysis population, PWV obtained by Mobil-O-Graph (MogPWV) is more sensitive for vascular aging than PP. METHODS: A cohort of 143 patients from 4 dialysis units has been followed measuring MogPWV and PP every 3 to 6 months and compared to a control group with the same risk factors but an eGFR > 30 ml/min. RESULTS: MogPWV contrarily to PP did discriminate the dialysis population from the control group. The mean difference translated in age between the two populations was 8.4 years. The increase in MogPWV, as a function of age, was more rapid in the dialysis group. 13.3% of the dialysis patients but only 3.0% of the control group were outliers for MogPWV. The mortality rate (16 out of 143) was similar in outliers and inliers (7.4 and 8.0%/year). Stratifying patients according to MogPWV, a significant difference in survival was seen. A high parathormone (PTH) and to be dialysed for a hypertensive nephropathy were associated to a higher baseline MogPWV. CONCLUSIONS: Assessing PWV on the brachial artery using a Mobil-O-Graph is a valid and simple alternative, which, in the dialysis population, is more sensitive for vascular aging than PP. As demonstrated in previous studies PWV correlates to mortality. Among specific CKD risk factors only PTH is associated with a higher baseline PWV. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02327962

On Cas A, Cassini, comets, and King Charles

We re-examine the long-standing problem of the date of the Cassiopeia A supernova (SN), in view of recent claims that it might be the 1630 ‘noon-star’ seen at the birth of King Charles II. We do not support this identification, based on the expected brightness of a Type-IIb SN (too faint to be seen in daylight), the extrapolated motion of the ejecta (inconsistent with a date earlier than 1650), the lack of any scientific follow-up observations, the lack of any mention of it in Asian archives. The origin of the 1630 noon-star event (if real) remains a mystery; there was a bright comet in 1630 June but no evidence to determine whether or not it was visible in daylight. Instead, we present French reports about a fourth-magnitude star discovered by Cassini in Cassiopeia in or shortly before 1671, which was not seen before or since. The brightness is consistent with what we expect for the Cas A SN; the date is consistent with the extrapolated motion of the ejecta. We argue that this source could be the long-sought SN

The noise-lovers: cultures of speech and sound in second-century Rome

This chapter provides an examination of an ideal of the ‘deliberate speaker’, who aims to reflect time, thought, and study in his speech. In the Roman Empire, words became a vital tool for creating and defending in-groups, and orators and authors in both Latin and Greek alleged, by contrast, that their enemies produced babbling noise rather than articulate speech. In this chapter, the ideal of the deliberate speaker is explored through the works of two very different contemporaries: the African-born Roman orator Fronto and the Syrian Christian apologist Tatian. Despite moving in very different circles, Fronto and Tatian both express their identity and authority through an expertise in words, in strikingly similar ways. The chapter ends with a call for scholars of the Roman Empire to create categories of analysis that move across different cultural and linguistic groups. If we do not, we risk merely replicating the parochialism and insularity of our sources.Accepted manuscrip