Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development (BOND)—Iron Review

This is the fifth in the series of reviews developed as part of the Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development (BOND) program. The BOND Iron Expert Panel (I-EP) reviewed the extant knowledge regarding iron biology, public health implications, and the relative usefulness of currently available biomarkers of iron status from deficiency to overload. Approaches to assessing intake, including bioavailability, are also covered. The report also covers technical and laboratory considerations for the use of available biomarkers of iron status, and concludes with a description of research priorities along with a brief discussion of new biomarkers with potential for use across the spectrum of activities related to the study of iron in human health. The I-EP concluded that current iron biomarkers are reliable for accurately assessing many aspects of iron nutrition. However, a clear distinction is made between the relative strengths of biomarkers to assess hematological consequences of iron deficiency versus other putative functional outcomes, particularly the relationship between maternal and fetal iron status during pregnancy, birth outcomes, and infant cognitive, motor and emotional development. The I-EP also highlighted the importance of considering the confounding effects of inflammation and infection on the interpretation of iron biomarker results, as well as the impact of life stage. Finally, alternative approaches to the evaluation of the risk for nutritional iron overload at the population level are presented, because the currently designated upper limits for the biomarker generally employed (serum ferritin) may not differentiate between true iron overload and the effects of subclinical inflammation

STUDY OF OPTICAL AND LUMINESCENT PROPERTIES OF POTASSIUM-ALUMINA-BORATE GLASS DOPED WITH Cr3+ IONS

Potassium-alumina-borate glass doped with chromium ions have been synthesized and investigated, and results are presented. We have synthesized glass of 25K2O-25Al2O3-50B2O3 speciation with addition of 0.2 weight per cent of Cr. It was found out, that heat treatment induces changes in absorption and photoluminescence spectra. According to x-ray diffraction measurements, it has been shown that Al4B2O9 nanocrystalls have been obtained. The average diameter of nanocrystalls is 15 nm. Luminescence spectra have shown that Cr3+ ions are in an octahedral crystalline surrounding of the alumina ions similar to the spectrum of ruby crystal. A conclusion has been done that nanocrystalls of Al4B2O9: Cr3+ are obtained, most probably, in the researched glass. Synthesized material can be used as the base for fiber amplifier in data-transmission systems and as an active substance for medical lasers

SYNTHESIS, STRUCTURE AND SPECTRAL PROPERTIES OF POTASSIUMALUMINA- BORATE GLASS WITH NANOCRYSTALS OF MANGANESE FERRITE

Subject of Research.The paper presents research results of optical properties of potassium-alumina-borate glass, activated with ions of iron and manganese. The formation process of nanocrystals of manganese ferrite MnFe2O4 in potassium-alumina-borate glass host was studied. Magneto-optical characteristics were analyzed. Method. The studied glasses were synthesized by the method of charge melting in the crucible. Potassium-alumina-borate glass system was used (K2O-Al2O3-B2O3) proposed by S.A. Stepanov (Vavilov State Institute). Glass system was doped by 3 wt% of Fe2O3 and 2 wt% MnO by weight (composition 1) and 2 wt% Fe2O3 and 1 wt% MnO by weight (composition 2). The glass transition temperature was 430 °C. Segregating of the crystal phase of manganese ferrite MnFe2O4 occurred during heat treatment at 550 °C for 2 hours in a programmable muffle furnace. The absorption spectrum in the wavelength range 200-2000 nm was recorded with Perkin Elmer Lambda 650 and Varian Cary 500 spectrophotometers. The XRD patterns were obtained on Rigaku Ultima IV X-ray diffractometer by copper anode with a wavelength λ (Cu) = 0.15418 nm. Magneto-optical Verde constant was measured by the angle of polarization plane rotation of the passing light through the sample when the sample is placed in magnetic field. Main Results. New technological modes of potassium-alumina-borate glass synthesis doped with ions of iron and manganese were developed and studied. It is established that during heat treatment nanocrystals of manganese ferrites are evolved with an average size of 18 nm. These glasses have a Verde constant equal to 0.9 arc.min/(cm·Oe). It is shown that obtained glasses possess high absorbance in ultra-violet and visible light spectrum. Practical Relevance. Proposed and analyzed nanoglass-ceramics could be accepted as a basis for creation of sensing environments for sensors current and magnetic field and for creation of optical isolators based on the Faraday effect

Color consistency method for cameras with unknown model

Modern methods of computational photography make it possible to bring the quality of images obtained by mobile cameras closer to the quality of professional cameras. One of the most important tasks is that of ensuring the consistency of colors from different cameras. In this paper, we propose a simple and efficient way to bring the colors of one camera to another, based on the approximation of the required transformation by a tone correction spline and a color transformation matrix. An experimental study was carried out in a rather complicated case, in which it was required to match colors of the images obtained from two fundamentally different sensors, as well as using diffractive optics. The results of the experiments showed that the proposed method allows one to obtain a higher accuracy of color matching between cameras than existing analogues

IDENTIFICATION OF LUMINESCENT CENTRES IN GLASS WITH COPPER AND CHLORINE IONS

Research results of luminescent and excitation spectra of potassium-alumina-borate glass with copper and chlorine ions luminescence are submitted. It is shown, that before the heat treatment glass luminescence is connected with molecular clusters Cun (n < 10). The broadband luminescence in the visible spectral region, appearing after the heat treatment, is due to the appearance of (CuCl)n and (Cu2O)n molecular clusters in glass matrix

LIVER TUMOR SEGMENTATION CT DATA BASED ON ALEXNET-LIKE CONVOLUTION NEURAL NETS

Abstract. Anatomical structure segmentation on computed tomography (CT) is the key stage in medical visualization and computer diagnosis. Tumors are one of types of internal structures, for which the problem of automatic segmentation today has no solution fully satisfying by quality. The reason is high variance of tumor&apos;s density and inability of using a priori anatomical information about shape. In this paper we propose automatic method of liver tumors segmentation based on convolution neural nets (CNN). Studying and validation have been performed on set of CT with liver and tumors segmentation ground truth. Average error (VOE) by cross-validation is 17.3%. Also there were considered algorithms of pre-and post-processing which increase accuracy and performance of segmentation procedure. Particularly the acceleration of the segmentation procedure with negligible decrease of quality has been reached 6 times