“Pananrang”: A Guidance of Buginese Farmers in Farming

Each agrarian society had knowledge about how to interact with and understand nature. Some knowledge gained from nature were recorded and codified as inheritable knowledge from generation to generation. As in Buginese who lived at the southern part of the island of Sulawesi has such as knowledge that was named “Pananrang” or “Lontara Laongruma”. The Pananrang was a knowledge developed based on lunar system (qamariah) as a reference for the farmer in estimating the season, time of planting and so on. The pananrang used as source of information in this article owned by a well experince and knowlegable farmer in District of Wajo, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. It was found that knowledge in panarang was developed based on the principle of regularity of events through 8 years (sipariama) observation. It contain rich of knowledge about farming and other everyday activities in yearly, monthly, and daily time period. It is found that the Pananrang which contains rich knowledge about farming that is still used by majority of Bugineses farmers as source of information in making decision on their farms. It is concluded that the pananrang is valuable and functional knowledge that can be used as a partner for modern scientific knowledge in promoting agriculture development

PENGELOLAAN SUMBERDAYA IKAN DI KOMPLEK DANAU MALILI PROVINSI SULAWESI SELATAN

Sistem Danau Malili yang terdiri dari Danau Matano, Towuti, Mahalona, Wawantoa, dan Masapi merupakan satu kesatuan sistem danau yang mempunyai keanekaragaman ikan yang cukup tinggi dan endemik. Danau Malili memiliki nilai strategis tersendiri karena keanekaragaman hayati yang tidak ditemukan di daerah lain. Keberadaan sumberdaya ikan tersebut semakin terancam akibat aktifitas manusia diantaranya i) pencemaran, ii) introduksi ikan, dan iii) budidaya ikan dalam happa yang tidak terkontrol. Untuk menjaga kelestarian sumberdaya ikan di komplek Danau Malili diperlukan upaya pengelolaan yang lestari. Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untuk merumuskan langkah pengelolaan sumberdaya perikanan di komplek Danau Malili secara berkelanjutan. Hasil studi menunjukkan sebanyak 59 jenis ikan ditemukan di komplek Danau Malili, 38 jenis ikan diantaranya adalah jenis endemik dan 18 jenis ikan dikategorikan sebagai jenis ikan langka berdasarkan IUCN 2001. Disamping itu, di komplek Danau Malili telah diintrodusikan tidak kurang dari 16 spesies ikan. Upaya untuk menjaga kelestarian sumberdaya ikan asli tersebut antara lain: i) pengendalian populasi ikan asing invasif, ii) penetapan suaka perikanan, iii) domestikasi, iv) re-stocking, v) pengendalian usaha budidaya ikan dalam happa.The Malili lake system consists of five interconnected lakes: Matano, Towuti, Mahalona, Wawantoa and Masapi. It’s unique habitat plays an important role of various native and endemic fishes. Currently, endemic fish in Malili lake system are increasingly threatened by human activitiesincluding i) contamination, ii) invasif fish species or fish introduction, and iii) uncontrolling cage culture. The aim of this paper is to formulate fisheries management effort in Malili Lake system to realize sustainability. Previous studies recorded as many as 59 species were found, consists of 38 endemic, 18 species categorized as endangered and 16 known as introduced species. Management effort should be addressed to preserve sustainable fish resources include: i) controlling invasive alien species, ii) establishing reserve area, iii) domestication, iv) re-stocking, v) controlling of cage culture

Optimisation of vehicle routing problem with time windows using Harris Hawks optimiser

Vehicle routing problem is one of the combinatorial optimisation problems that have gained attraction for studies because of its complexity and significant impact to service providers and passengers. Vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW) is a variant where vehicles need to visit the predetermined stop points within the given time frame. This problem has been widely studied and optimised using different methods. Since the performance of algorithms in different problems is dissimilar, the study to optimise the VRPTW is ongoing. This paper presents a VRPTW study for a public transportation network in Kuantan and Pekan districts, located in East Pahang, Malaysia. There were 52 stop points to be visited within two hours. The main objective of the study is to minimise the number of vehicles to be assigned for the routing problem subjected to the given time windows. The problem was optimised using a new algorithm known as Harris Hawks Optimiser (HHO). To the best of authors’ knowledge, this is the first attempt to build HHO algorithm for VRPTW problem. Computational experiment indicated that the HHO came up with the best average fitness compared with other comparison algorithms in this study including Artificial Bee Colony (ABC), Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO), Moth Flame Optimiser (MFO), and Whale Optimisation Algorithm (WOA). The optimisation results also indicated that all the stop points can be visited within the given time frames by using three vehicles

High-E_T dijet photoproduction at HERA

The cross section for high-E_T dijet production in photoproduction has been measured with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 81.8 pb-1. The events were required to have a virtuality of the incoming photon, Q^2, of less than 1 GeV^2 and a photon-proton centre-of-mass energy in the range 142 < W < 293 GeV. Events were selected if at least two jets satisfied the transverse-energy requirements of E_T(jet1) > 20 GeV and E_T(jet2) > 15 GeV and pseudorapidity requirements of -1 < eta(jet1,2) < 3, with at least one of the jets satisfying -1 < eta(jet) < 2.5. The measurements show sensitivity to the parton distributions in the photon and proton and effects beyond next-to-leading order in QCD. Hence these data can be used to constrain further the parton densities in the proton and photon.Comment: 36 pages, 13 figures, 20 tables, including minor revisions from referees. Accepted by Phys. Rev.

Measurement of (anti)deuteron and (anti)proton production in DIS at HERA

The first observation of (anti)deuterons in deep inelastic scattering at HERA has been made with the ZEUS detector at a centre-of-mass energy of 300--318 GeV using an integrated luminosity of 120 pb-1. The measurement was performed in the central rapidity region for transverse momentum per unit of mass in the range 0.3<p_T/M<0.7. The particle rates have been extracted and interpreted in terms of the coalescence model. The (anti)deuteron production yield is smaller than the (anti)proton yield by approximately three orders of magnitude, consistent with the world measurements.Comment: 26 pages, 9 figures, 5 tables, submitted to Nucl. Phys.

Biometric analysis of protein and oil contents of soybean genotypes in different environments

The objective of this work was to identify by biometric analyses the most stable soybean parents, with higher oil or protein contents, cultivated at different seasons and locations of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Forty-nine genotypes were evaluated in the municipalities of Viçosa, Visconde do Rio Branco, and São Gotardo, in the state of Minas Gerais, from 2009 to 2011. Protein and oil contents were analyzed by infrared spectrometry using a FT-NIR analyzer. The effects of genotype, environment, and genotype x environment interaction were significant. The BARC-8 soybean genotype is the best parent to increase protein contents in the progenies, followed by BR 8014887 and CS 3032PTA276-3-4. Selection for high oil content is more efficient when the crossings involve the Suprema, CD 01RR8384, and A7002 genotypes, which show high mean phenotypic values, wide adaptability, and greater stability to environmental variation

Adaptive Value of Phenological Traits in Stressful Environments: Predictions Based on Seed Production and Laboratory Natural Selection

Phenological traits often show variation within and among natural populations of annual plants. Nevertheless, the adaptive value of post-anthesis traits is seldom tested. In this study, we estimated the adaptive values of pre- and post-anthesis traits in two stressful environments (water stress and interspecific competition), using the selfing annual species Arabidopsis thaliana. By estimating seed production and by performing laboratory natural selection (LNS), we assessed the strength and nature (directional, disruptive and stabilizing) of selection acting on phenological traits in A. thaliana under the two tested stress conditions, each with four intensities. Both the type of stress and its intensity affected the strength and nature of selection, as did genetic constraints among phenological traits. Under water stress, both experimental approaches demonstrated directional selection for a shorter life cycle, although bolting time imposes a genetic constraint on the length of the interval between bolting and anthesis. Under interspecific competition, results from the two experimental approaches showed discrepancies. Estimation of seed production predicted directional selection toward early pre-anthesis traits and long post-anthesis periods. In contrast, the LNS approach suggested neutrality for all phenological traits. This study opens questions on adaptation in complex natural environment where many selective pressures act simultaneously