The Impact of Digital Transformation and Innovation Capability on Competitive Advantage: The Mediating Role of Market Orientation in Emerging Markets

This study aims to examine the impact of digital transformation and innovation capability on competitive advantage, with market orientation as a mediating variable, particularly within the dynamic conditions of emerging markets. Using a quantitative, cross-sectional design, data were collected from 230 mid- and senior-level managers in Indonesian firms across various industries. The study employed Structural Equation Modeling with Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) to test both direct and mediating relationships. Results show that both digital transformation and innovation capability significantly enhance market orientation. In turn, market orientation positively influences competitive advantage and partially mediates the relationships between the antecedent capabilities and performance. These findings underscore market orientation’s central role in translating internal capabilities into strategic outcomes. This study contributes to strategic management literature by integrating digital, innovative, and behavioral resources into a coherent model of competitive advantage. It also addresses a gap in research on the interplay among these constructs in emerging market contexts

Applying Balanced Scorecard in Evaluating Performance: Evidence from a Food Retailer

Measuring employee performance through a balanced scorecard is crucial for providing a comprehensive view of an organization's effectiveness and strategic alignment. The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) is considered an instrument that can be used to effectively measure employee performance over a specific period of time. Performance appraisal not only helps companies determine the potential for human resource development but also improves employee motivation and productivity. Therefore, this study aims to empirically test and analyze employee performance measurement based on the balanced scorecard at the PHD Makassar Store. This study is a quantitative study. The population used is all employees of the PHD Makassar Store, with a sample size of 33 using the non-probability sampling method. The results of the study indicate that job satisfaction and employee turnover variables do not affect human resource performance at the PHD Bawakareng Store. Inversely, employee training and employee productivity variables affect human resource performance. This indicates that the comparison between employee input and output is running well

Legal Reforms in Indonesia’s Financial Sector on Institutional Relations between Bank Indonesia and the Government

Legal reform in the financial sector has an important role to play in preparing Indonesia a Golden Indonesia in 2045. The financial sector is very important strategic in the development and welfare Indonesia, supporting its sustainable economic development. Strengthening institutional functions and tasks as well as coordination among ministries and institutions, in this case between the central bank and the government, are essential in order to increase financial system resilience and economic growth. This study analyses financial sector legal reforms that impact institutional relations between central banks and governments by conducting comparative studies of the United States, Japan, Australia, and Thailand. This research also has been updated to present the implications of legal reform in the financial sector on Bank Indonesia's expanding duties and authorities to support a sustainable economy through the enactment of Law Number 4 of 2023 concerning the Development and Strengthening of the Financial Sector. The results of this study show that with the legal reform in the financial sector, there is a new perspective related to Bank Indonesia's independence, which has been adjusted through the adoption of a policy mix prioritising monetary policy. Fiscal authority does not become superior but accommodative as long as it does not conflict with monetary policy interests. The institutional relationship between Bank Indonesia and the government using a policy mix pattern that emphasizes aspects of monetary policy harmonization based on other policy paradigms that are in line with safeguarding broader economic interests

Design of The New Upper Structure Comba Bridge in Jayapura Regency Using Prestressed Concrete

Comba Bridge is located in the main road of Jayapura Regency. This bridge has some damages due to the density of the traffic on the bridge. In order to increase the level of service, it is necessary to figure out the solution. One of the solution is designing a new bridge beside the old bridge. The aim is to design a new bridge using prestressed concrete girder as the main structure and figure out the general construction method for this bridge. Stressing method for the main structure is post tensioning method. The new bridge has two 25 meters spans. Designing includes secondary structure design and main structure design. The analysis result show that pedestrian barrier consists of two galvanized steel railing, H-profile steel column, concrete deck slab and pavement slab using reinforced concrete with 22 cm thickness. Main structure using Precast Concrete I Girder (PCI Girder) has 4500 kN initial prestressed force and 4 cables that consist of 7-wire strand super grade. Erection method of the girder using launcher machine

The Effect of Minimum Wage on Unemployment in North Kalimantan

The annual minimum wage changes cause shifts in the labor market equilibrium. In a competitive labor market, the demand and supply of minimum wages result in a new minimum wage each year. There is no clear evidence regarding the impact of the minimum wage on unemployment. The purpose of this study is to provide evidence on the impact of the minimum wage on unemployment in North Kalimantan. This evidence offers insights for policymakers in setting the minimum wage. This study was conducted using an ordinary least squares (OLS) approach. This study used aggregate data from five sample districts/cities in North Kalimantan province for the period 2017–2024. This study provides strong evidence that the minimum wage has a positive but insignificant effect on unemployment in North Kalimantan. This finding highlights the need for appropriate minimum wage determination, taking into account the efficiency wage theory, which encourages workers to accept better wages. The implication of this study is that annual minimum wage increases do not significantly reduce labor demand and increase unemployment in North Kalimantan

Multilayered Democracy in Papua: A Comparison of "Noken" System and Electoral College System in the United States

The elucidation of understanding popular sovereignty through the implementation of democratic principles when applied to a pluralistic Indonesian society requires a comprehensive study. This study is a normative-legal research by using statute, case, and conceptual approaches. This paper provides information on the latest trend in research. The results show that the characteristics of the general election by Noken system are in line with the Electoral College system to presidential elections in the United States, especially in the Noken system as represented by the chieftain (election by the big man). The Noken system is the result of the relations of political culture and the strengthening of local democracy. Hence, the constitutionality of Noken system is a translation of the constitution that pays attention to the social diversity that lives in society. Not only in the context of general elections, but in every aspect of national and State life, as more attention is given to the constitution of social diversity in society (constitutional pluralism)

Smart Contract as a Novel Method of Contracting: Many Unanswered Legal Questions

Smart contracts have shed light on a new era of contract law, which necessitates a proper legal response to address their unique characteristics, including automation, self-enforcement, coded, immutability, and irreversibility. While these features offer significant legal and practical benefits, they raised critical legal questions. The study aims to identify the legal challenges resulting from the implementation of smart contracts through an in-depth examination of various key aspects. To achieve the intended objective, the study adopted qualitative research utilising the library method and analysing data descriptively and analytically. The study revealed that applying the current conventional contract laws is inadequate and would create a bundle of unprecedented legal questions related to all the life cycle of the contracts, such as legal existence, formation and enforcement, jurisdictional issue, mechanism, unlawful activities, as well as the third parties. The study recommended establishing a specialised framework to address various issues, including the establishment of a regulatory and supervisory body, legislative clarification on various aspects of smart contracts’ such as exchange of will, place, and time, coding language and coding errors, essential functions, jurisdiction and enforcement, ADR, external partners such as Oracle and coding experts, in addition to other matters pertaining to validity and admissibility. Future studies may focus on using these questions as a way to measure the viability of their law to address the emergence of smart contracts.

Legal Gaps in Personal Data Protection: Reforming Indonesia’s Population Administration Law

This study critically examines the existing legal framework for personal data protection within Indonesia’s population administration system. Through a normative legal research approach, it identifies significant regulatory gaps that leave personal information vulnerable to misuse and breaches. The results show that the current legal policies remain insufficient, as numerous aspects of personal data protection have yet to be explicitly regulated in the Population Administration Law. Despite the enactment of a national personal data protection law, its effectiveness is undermined by the lack of comprehensive integration into the Population Administration Law. This research proposes reconstructing the legal framework to address essential aspects of data management—such as collection, utilization, safeguarding, exchange, and misuse prevention—while establishing clear access rights, prohibitions on unauthorized activities, and a structured system of proportional sanctions. By incorporating specialized legal provisions and aligning with international best practices, these reforms would strengthen Indonesia’s data protection framework, enhance public trust, and reinforce the government’s role in safeguarding citizens’ personal information

Academic Misconduct Responsibilities: An Empirical Comparison Using 35 Chinese Cases as a Foundation

This article undertakes a comprehensive exploration of academic misconduct by employing a robust comparative and empirical approach. It meticulously examines 35 representative cases from China, delving into the diverse manifestations of academic misconduct such as fund project evaluation interference, fraud, paper trading, improper authorship, and multiple submissions. Through in-depth legal analysis, it not only investigates the infringements on intellectual property rights and public legal interests but also proposes the application of strict liability in tort law. To enhance the regulatory framework, the article advocates for clearer criminalization criteria for severe academic misconduct. It further extends the discussion to incorporate the roles of academic institutions, the challenges in enforcement, and a more expansive legal framework. By drawing on international experiences and best practices, it formulates comprehensive and actionable suggestions for reforming China's academic misconduct regulations, aiming to address this issue effectively on both national and international levels

Feminism and Gender Equality among Orang Asli Women: Implications for Customs and Laws

Although Malaysia has made progress in recognising Indigenous rights, the perspectives of Orang Asli women on feminism and gender equality remain largely absent from legal and academic discourse. This article examines the legal tensions between indigenous customary laws and Malaysia’s constitutional commitment to gender equality, as perceived and experienced by Orang Asli women. The central legal issue explored is whether customary practices that reflect patriarchal norms can withstand constitutional scrutiny under Article 8 of the Federal Constitution, and how these practices align with Malaysia’s obligations under CEDAW and UNDRIP. Using a doctrinal legal methodology, the study systematically examines constitutional provisions, relevant legislation, and judicial interpretations concerning indigenous law and gender rights. A socio-legal component complements this analysis through empirical data collected from 120 questionnaires and 30 semi-structured interviews with Orang Asli women from five selected tribes, providing context to how these legal norms function in practice. This article contributes to legal theory by engaging with legal pluralism and feminist legal thought, revealing how unregulated customary practices can undermine fundamental rights. Thus, it enhances legal studies by highlighting an ethical framework for legislative and judicial reconciliation between constitutional equality and indigenous legal traditions. In a pluralistic legal circumstance, this study advocates on Malaysian legal institutions to acknowledge the changing voices of Indigenous women as catalysts of change