Validity of the dental operating microscope and selective dentin removal with ultrasonic tips for locating the second mesiobuccal canal (MB2) in maxillary first molars : an in vivo study

Several investigations have determined whether the use of a dental operating microscope (DOM) in combination with selective dentine removal with ultrasonic tips increases the percentage of location of the Mesiobuccal 2 (MB2) root canal in maxillary firs

Twisted Covariant Noncommutative Self-dual Gravity

A twisted covariant formulation of noncommutative self-dual gravity is presented. The formulation for constructing twisted noncommutative Yang-Mills theories is used. It is shown that the noncommutative torsion is solved at any order of the $\theta$-expansion in terms of the tetrad and some extra fields of the theory. In the process the first order expansion in $\theta$ for the Pleba\'nski action is explicitly obtained.Comment: 23+1 pages, no figures, corrected typos, references and Appendix B is adde

Dietary, Cultural, and Pathogens-Related Selective Pressures Shaped Differential Adaptive Evolution among Native Mexican Populations

Native American genetic ancestry has been remarkably implicated with increased risk of diverse health issues in several Mexican populations, especially in relation to the dramatic changes in environmental, dietary, and cultural settings they have recently undergone. In particular, the effects of these ecological transitions and Westernization of lifestyles have been investigated so far predominantly on Mestizo individuals. Nevertheless, indigenous groups, rather than admixed Mexicans, have plausibly retained the highest proportions of genetic components shaped by natural selection in response to the ancient milieu experienced by Mexican ancestors during their pre-Columbian evolutionary history. These formerly adaptive variants have the potential to represent the genetic determinants of some biological traits that are peculiar to Mexican people, as well as a reservoir of loci with possible biomedical relevance. To test such a hypothesis, we used genome-wide genotype data to infer the unique adaptive evolution of Native Mexican groups selected as reasonable descendants of the main pre-Columbian Mexican civilizations. A combination of haplotype-based and gene-network analyses enabled us to detect genomic signatures ascribable to polygenic adaptive traits plausibly evolved by the main genetic clusters of Mexican indigenous populations to cope with local environmental and/or cultural conditions. Some of these adaptations were found to play a role in modulating the susceptibility/resistance of these groups to certain pathological conditions, thus providing new evidence that diverse selective pressures have contributed to shape the current biological and disease-risk patterns of present-day Native and Mestizo Mexican populations

Generally covariant state-dependent diffusion

Statistical invariance of Wiener increments under SO(n) rotations provides a notion of gauge transformation of state-dependent Brownian motion. We show that the stochastic dynamics of non gauge-invariant systems is not unambiguously defined. They typically do not relax to equilibrium steady states even in the absence of extenal forces. Assuming both coordinate covariance and gauge invariance, we derive a second-order Langevin equation with state-dependent diffusion matrix and vanishing environmental forces. It differs from previous proposals but nevertheless entails the Einstein relation, a Maxwellian conditional steady state for the velocities, and the equipartition theorem. The over-damping limit leads to a stochastic differential equation in state space that cannot be interpreted as a pure differential (Ito, Stratonovich or else). At odds with the latter interpretations, the corresponding Fokker-Planck equation admits an equilibrium steady state; a detailed comparison with other theories of state-dependent diffusion is carried out. We propose this as a theory of diffusion in a heat bath with varying temperature. Besides equilibrium, a crucial experimental signature is the non-uniform steady spatial distribution.Comment: 24 page

Long-range pollution transport during the MILAGRO-2006 campaign: a case study of a major Mexico City outflow event using free-floating altitude-controlled balloons

One of the major objectives of the Megacities Initiative: Local And Global Research Observations (MILAGRO-2006) campaign was to investigate the long-range transport of polluted Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) outflow and determine its downwind impacts on air quality and climate. Six research aircraft, including the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) C-130, made extensive chemical, aerosol, and radiation measurements above MCMA and more than 1000 km downwind in order to characterize the evolution of the outflow as it aged and dispersed over the Mesa Alta, Sierra Madre Oriental, Coastal Plain, and Gulf of Mexico. As part of this effort, free-floating Controlled-Meteorological (CMET) balloons, commanded to change altitude via satellite, made repeated profile measurements of winds and state variables within the advecting outflow. In this paper, we present an analysis of the data from two CMET balloons that were launched near Mexico City on the afternoon of 18 March 2006 and floated downwind with the MCMA pollution for nearly 30 h. The repeating profile measurements show the evolving structure of the outflow in considerable detail: its stability and stratification, interaction with other air masses, mixing episodes, and dispersion into the regional background. Air parcel trajectories, computed directly from the balloon wind profiles, show three transport pathways on 18–19 March: (a) high-altitude advection of the top of the MCMA mixed layer, (b) mid-level outflow over the Sierra Madre Oriental followed by decoupling and isolated transport over the Gulf of Mexico, and (c) low-level outflow with entrainment into a cleaner northwesterly jet above the Coastal Plain. The C-130 aircraft intercepted the balloon-based trajectories three times on 19 March, once along each of these pathways; in all three cases, peaks in urban tracer concentrations and LIDAR backscatter are consistent with MCMA pollution. In comparison with the transport models used in the campaign, the balloon-based trajectories appear to shear the outflow far more uniformly and decouple it from the surface, thus forming a thin but expansive polluted layer over the Gulf of Mexico that is well aligned with the aircraft observations. These results provide critical context for the extensive aircraft measurements made during the 18–19 March MCMA outflow event and may have broader implications for modelling and understanding long-range transport

Estudio de las características bibliointegrativas de la revista española de salud pública: un análisis de la promoción y prevención

The objective of this work is to perform a bibliointegrative analysis of the Spanish Journal of Public Health and establish the preference they give to the prevention and promotion, considering for this purpose, the articles original papers, original brief and special collaboration published in the period 2003 - 2010. 365 articles were analyzed. Between 2003 and 2010 original 232 articles (63.6 %), 15 Original short articles (4.1 %) and 118 special collaboration (32.3 %) of a total of 365 articles, 336 (92.05 %) were published in spanish publications and 29 (7.95 %) to foreign publications. The thematic highlights regarding surveillance, planning and health management, infectious and chronic diseases. The type of publication with the highest number of empirical articles is 245 (67.12 %) and the theoretical 120 (32.88 %). The areas of public health with more contributions are: health management, surveillance, prevention and health promotion. Overall, the Spanish Journal of Public Health publishes promotion and prevention of disease in 41.15 % (150), distributed in different areas.El objetivo del presente trabajo es realizar un análisis bibliointegrativo de la Revista Española de Salud Pública y establecer la prioridad que se le da a la prevención y promoción, considerando para dicho fin la revisión de los artículos originales, original breve y de colaboración especial publicados en el periodo 2003 - 2010. Se han analizado 365 artículos. Entre el 2003 y el 2010 se publicaron 232 artículos originales (63.6%), 15 artículos original breve (4.1 %) y 118 de colaboración especial (32,3 %). De un total de 365 artículos, 336 (92.05%) corresponde a publicaciones españolas y 29 (7.95 %) a publicaciones extranjeras. En la temática tratada destaca el tratamiento a vigilancia epidemiológica, planificación y administración sanitaria, enfermedades infecciosas y crónicas. El tipo de publicación con mayor número de artículos es la empírica con 245 (67.12%) y la teórica 120 (32.88%). Las áreas de la salud pública con más aportes son: Gestión de salud, vigilancia epidemiológica y prevención y promoción de la salud. En términos generales, la Revista española de Salud Pública, publica artículos de prevención y promoción de la enfermedad en un 41.15% (150), distribuidos en las diferentes áreas de la Salud Pública

Extracellular vesicles from Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected neutrophils induce maturation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells and activation of antigen-specific Th1 cells

Tuberculosis remains one of the leading public health problems in the world. The mechanisms that lead to the activation of the immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis have been extensively studied, with a focus on the role of cytokines as the main signals for immune cell communication. However, less is known about the role of other signals, such as extracellular vesicles, in the communication between immune cells, particularly during the activation of the adaptive immune response. In this study, we determined that extracellular vesicles released by human neutrophils infected with M. tuberculosis contained several host proteins that are ectosome markers. In addition, we demonstrated that extracellular vesicles released by human neutrophils infected with M. tuberculosis released after only 30 min of infection carried mycobacterial antigens and pathogen-associated molecular patterns, and we identified 15 mycobacterial proteins that were consistently found in high concentrations in extracellular vesicles released by human neutrophils infected with M. tuberculosis; these proteins contain epitopes for CD4 T-cell activation. We found that extracellular vesicles released by human neutrophils infected with M. tuberculosis increased the expression of the costimulatory molecule CD80 and of the coinhibitory molecule PD-L1 on immature monocyte-derived dendritic cells. We also found that immature and mature dendritic cells treated with extracellular vesicles released by human neutrophils infected with M. tuberculosis were able to induce IFN-γ production by autologous M. tuberculosis antigen-specific CD4 T cells, indicating that these extracellular vesicles acted as antigen carriers and transferred mycobacterial proteins to the antigen-presenting cells. Our results provide evidence that extracellular vesicles released by human neutrophils infected with M. tuberculosis participate in the activation of the adaptive immune response against M. tuberculosis.This work was supported by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT grant A1-S-16113 to IEG) and by Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN). L.V.-F., E.S.P., M.G.-M., and D.B. were recipients of CONACYT fellowships. J.S.-L., R.C.-S., S.E.-P., and I.E.-G. are fellows of Comisión de Operación y Fomento de Actividades Académicas (COFAA)–IPN. J.S.-L., R.C.-S., S.E.-P., I.E.-G., and I.W.-B. are fellows of Estímulos al Desempeño de los Investigadores (EDI)–IPN

Analysis of the growth of Chetumal grass established in a tropical climate

Objective: To evaluate the growth of Chetumal grass (Urochloa humidicola CIAT 679), in order to determine the optimal moment for the first harvest. Design/Methodology/Approach: A completely randomized experimental block design, with measurements repeated over time, and three repetitions was used. Morphological composition (MC), growth rate (GR), plant height (PH), intercepted radiation (IR), leaf:stem ratio (L:S), leaf:no-leaf ratio (L:NL), and aerial biomass (AB) —as well as leaf biomass (LB), stem biomass (SB), dead material (DM), net growth (NG), and total biomass (TB)— were evaluated every fifteen days, except for the two first samplings, which were carried out on a monthly basis. Data were analyzed using the GLM procedure of the SAS software and Tukey’s mean comparison test (α£0.05). Results: The morphological composition (MC) of the Chetumal grass was statistically different (p<0.05), during the different growth ages. The maximum accumulation of total biomass (TB) (13,324 kg DM ha-1), leaf biomass (LB) (2,569 kg DM ha-1), and growth rate (GR) (99 kg DM ha-1 d-1) was reached at 135 DAS. On that day, the prairie reached a 68 cm plant height (PH) and 100% intercepted radiation (IR). The L:S ratio decreased from 1.62 to 0.31, while L:NL ratio changed from 1.62 to 0.22. Study Limitations/Implications: The Brachiaria humidicola cv. Chetumal grass reached its highest potential during the rainy season. Findings/Conclusions: The first cut of the Urochloa humidicola cv. Chetumal grass can be carried out at 135 DAS, when the highest accumulation of total biomass (TB), leaf biomass (LB), and growth rate (GR) is recorded

Chitosan/Poly(Dllactide-Co-Glycolide) Scaffolds for Tis- sue Engineering

Abstract Chitosan/poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (Ch/DL PLG) composite scaffolds were fabricated by freeze-drying lyophilization, and were evaluated and compared for use as a bone regeneration scaffold through measurements of the compression mechanical properties of the porous scaffolds. Also, In vitro cell culture of Sprague-Dawley rat's osteoblasts were used to evaluate the phenotype expression of cells in the scaffolds, characterizing the cellular adhesion, proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity. The gene expression of osteocalcin, sialoprotein, alkaline phosphatase, Type I collagen and TGFb1 were confirmed in the samples; moreover, it was confirmed, the mineralization by IR spectra and EDS analysis. Our results thus show that Ch/DL PLG scaffolds are suitable for biological applications

Measurement of the cross-section and charge asymmetry of WW bosons produced in proton-proton collisions at s=8\sqrt{s}=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper presents measurements of the $W^+ \rightarrow \mu^+\nu$ and $W^- \rightarrow \mu^-\nu$ cross-sections and the associated charge asymmetry as a function of the absolute pseudorapidity of the decay muon. The data were collected in proton--proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC and correspond to a total integrated luminosity of 20.2~\mbox{fb^{-1}}. The precision of the cross-section measurements varies between 0.8% to 1.5% as a function of the pseudorapidity, excluding the 1.9% uncertainty on the integrated luminosity. The charge asymmetry is measured with an uncertainty between 0.002 and 0.003. The results are compared with predictions based on next-to-next-to-leading-order calculations with various parton distribution functions and have the sensitivity to discriminate between them.Comment: 38 pages in total, author list starting page 22, 5 figures, 4 tables, submitted to EPJC. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/STDM-2017-13