140 ans d'aménagement forestier en Espagne.

Cite les principaux faits historiques qui sont à l'origine de la mise en place et des premiers pas de l'aménagement forestier en Espagne pendant la deuxième moitié du XIXè siècle, ainsi que l'évolution au cours du XXè siècle et son état actuel. Si le bilan de ces 140 ans de pratique d'aménagement est globalement très positif, il reste cependant à combler d'importantes lacunes notamment en ce qui concerne les forêts issues de reboisements, ainsi qu'en ce qui concerne les méthodes de conversion fortement conditionnées par des facteurs sociaux et saisonniers surtout dans les forêts feuillues méditerranéennes souvent dégradées

Plume dynamics of laser-produced swine muscle tissue plasma

11 págs. 8 figs.; 2 tabs.We report on the plume dynamics of the plasma induced by laser ablation of a swine skeletal muscle tissue sample in different vacuum conditions. Pulses from a transversely excited atmospheric CO2 laser were focused onto a target sample and the induced plasma was allowed to expand in different air pressures. The expansion features were studied using fast photography of the overall visible emission by using a gated intensified charged coupled device. Free expansion and plume splitting were observed at different pressure levels. The expansion of the plasma plume front was analyzed using various expansion models and the velocity of the plume front was estimated. The effect of the number of accumulated laser shots on the crater volume at different ambient air pressures and an elemental analysis of the sample were performed using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis. The surface morphology of the irradiated surface showed that increasing the pressure of the ambient gas decreased the ablated mass, or in other words it reduced significantly the laser-target coupling.The authors gratefully acknowledge the support received in part by the DGICYT (Spain) Project MICINN: CTQ2013-43086 for this research.Peer reviewe

Design of an integrated management control model for the state social enterprise Bucaramanga Health Institute

La investigación planteada busca mediante la aplicación de la teoría y los conceptos básicos de control de gestión proponer al ISABU (Instituto de Salud de Bucaramanga), la implementación de un sistema integral de control que sirva de instrumento a los niveles gerenciales, para evaluar situaciones particulares en la institución, medir el impacto en la prestación de los servicios y la aceptación de los mismos por parte del usuario. El diseño de este sistema integrado de control de gestión generará indicadores de aspectos críticos del éxito institucional en busca de efícientizar el funcionamiento organizacional basándonos en la metodología científica, buscaremos la calidad como eje fundamental de coherencia con su misión y visión. La aplicación de un indicador en el proceso de gestión, es útil para cuantificar objetivos, planificar, explicar relaciones y comportamientos estructurales, tomar decisiones, coordinar actuaciones de áreas diferentes así como para el control mismo de la gestión, beneficios apreciables para cualquier institución.CAPITULO I 1. DEFINICIÓN DEL PROBLEMA 6 2. JUSTIFICACIÓN 6 3. OBJETIVOS 7 3.1 GENERAL 7 3.2 ESPECIFICOS 8 4. METODOLOGÍA 8 5. MARCO DE REFERENCIA 10 5.1 MARCO TEORICO 10 5.1.1 OBJETIVO CONTROL INTEGRADO DE GESTION 11 5.1.2 INDICADORES DE GESTION: DEFINICIÓN 11 5.1.3 OBJETIVOS DE LOS INDICADORES DE GESTION 12 5.1.4 CARACTERISTICAS DE LOS INDICADORES DE GESTION 12 5.1.5 LA MEDICION: DEFINICIÓN E IMPORTANCIA 19 5.1.6 ATRIBUTOS DE UNA BUENA MEDICION 21 6. RESEÑA HISTORICA DEL ISABU 24 7. PRESUPUESTO ISABU 28 8. POBLACIÓN OBJETO DE ATENCIÓN PRIMER NIVEL EN 30 BUCARAMANGA 9. MORBILIDAD EN LA UNIDAD OPERATIVA HOSPITAL LOCAL 31 DEL NORTE 9.1 MORBILIDAD EN CONSULTA EXTERNA MEDICINA GENERAL 31 9.2 MORBILIDAD EN URGENCIAS DE MEDICINA GENERAL 31 9.3 MORBILIDAD EN HOSPITALIZACION DE PEDIATRIA 32 9.4 MORBILIDAD EN HOSPITALIZACION ADULTOS 32 10. MISIÓN DEL ISABU 33 10.1 MISION ACTUAL DEL ISABU 33 10.2 MISION REDEFINIDA POR NUESTRO GRUPO 33 11. VISION DEL ISABU 34 11.1VISION ACTUAL DEL ISABU 34 11.2 VISION REDEFINIDA POR NUESTRO GRUPO 34 12. PRINCIPIOS CORPORATIVOS 34 13. RECURSOS TECNOLÓGICOS Y HUMANOS 35 14. PORTAFOLIO DE SERVICIOS UNIDAD OPERATIVA HOSPITAL 35 LOCAL DEL NORTE 15. ORGANIGRAMA 36 CAPITULO II 39 16. FICHAS TENICAS DE PROCESOS MEJORADOS EN LAS 39 UNIDADES FUNCIONALES DE LA UNIDAD OPERATIVA HOSPITAL LOCAL DEL NORTE 16.1 FICHA TÉCNICA CONSULTA EXTERNA 41 16.2 FICHA TÉCNICA URGENCIAS 16.2.1 FICHA TÉCNICA CONSULTA Y ATENCIÓN DE URGENCIAS 44 16.2.2 FICHA TÉCNICA URGENCIAS GINECO-OBSTETRICAS 47 16.3 FICHA TÉCNICA HOSPITALIZACION PEDIATRIA 51 16.4 FICHA TÉCNICA HOSPITALIZACION GINECO-OOBSTETRICIA 54 16.5 FICHA TÉCNICA PROGRAMACIÓN CIRUGÍA 55 16.6 FICHA TÉCNICA ATENCIÓN DE CIRUGIA 58 16.7 FICHA TÉCNICA PROMOCION Y PREVENCIÓN 61 16.8 FICHA TÉCNICA ENTREGA MEDICAMENTOS A USUARIOS 64 16.9 FICHA TÉCNICA TOMA Y PROCESAMIENTO DE MUESTRAS 67 16.10 FICHA TÉCNICA ESTUDIOS RADIOLÓGICOS 70 16.11 FICHA TÉCNICA ALMACEN 16.11.1 FICHA TÉCNICA ALMACEN COMPRAS DIRECTAS 73 16.11.2 FICHA TÉCNICA ALMACEN ENTREGA DE MERCANCÍAS 75 16.12 FICHA TÉCNICA FACTURACIÓN 77 CAPITULO III 17. FLUJOGRAMAS MEJORADOS PROCESOS 78 17.1 FLUJOGRAMA PROCESO MEJORADO DE ATENCIÓN EN 80 CONSULTA EXTERNA 17.2 FLUJOGRAMA PROCESO MEJORADO CONSULTA Y ATENCIÓN 81 EN URGENCIAS 17.2.1 FLUJOGRAMA PROCESO MEJORADO CONSULTA Y 81 ATENCIÓN URGENCIAS MEDICINA GENERAL 17.2.2 FLUJOGRMA PROCESO MEJORADO DE ATENCIÓN 83 EN URGENCIAS GINECO-OOBSTETRICAS Y SALA DE PARTOS 17.3 FLUJOGRAMA PROCESO MEJORADO HOSPITALIZACION PEDIATRIA 17.3.1 FLUJOGRAMA PROCESO MEJORADO HOSPITALIZACION 87 PEDIATRIA PROVENIENTE DE CONSULTA EXTERNA 17.3.2 FLUJOGRAMA PROCESO MEJORADO HOSPITALIZACION 89 PEDIATRIA PROVENIENTE DE URGENCIAS 17.4 FLUJOGRAMA PROCESO MEJORADO HOSPITALIZACION GINECO-OBSTETRICIA1 17.5 FLUJOGRAMA PROCESO MEJORADO PROGRAMACION 91 CIRUGÍA 17.6 FLUJOGRAMA PROCESO MEJORADO ATENCIÓN DE QX 94 17.7 FLUJOGRAMA PROCESO MEJORADO PROMOCION Y 96 PREVENCIÓN 17.8 FLUJOGRAMA PROCESO MEJORADO PROCESO DE ENTREGA 98 DE MEDICAMENTOS AL USUARIO 1 Este flujograma es idéntico al proceso de Hospitalización pediátrica ya referido. 17.9 FLUJOGRAMA PROCESO MEJORADO TOMA Y PROCESO DE MUESTRAS DE LABORATORIO 101 17.10 FLUJOGRAMA PROCESO MEJORADO TOMA DE RAYOS X 103 17.11 FLUJOGRAMA PROCESO MEJORADO ALMACEN 17.11.1 FLUJOGRAMA PROCESO MEJORADO COMPRAS DIRECTAS 106 17.11.2 FLUJOGRAMA PROCESO MEJORADO ENTREGA DE MERCANCÍAS 109 17.12 FLUJOGRAMA PROCESO DE FACTURACIÓN 110 CAPITULO IV 18. INSTRUMENTOS PARALA FORMULACION DE INDICADORES DE 111 GESTION 18.1 INSTRUMENTO PARA INDICADORES DE GESTION CONSULTA 114 EXTERNA MEDICINA GENERAL 18.2 INSTRUMENTO PARA INDICADORES DE GESTION URGENCIAS 18.2.1 INSTRUMENTO PARA INDICADORES DE GESTION 119 URGENCIAS MEDICINA GENERAL 18.2.2 INSTRUMENTO PARA INDICADORES DE GESTION 122 URGENCIAS GINECO-OBSTETRICAS 18.3 INSTRUMENTO PARA INDICADORES DE GESTION 125 HOSPITALIZACION PEDIATRIA 18.4 INSTRUMENTO PARA INDICADORES DE GESTION 127 GINECO-OBSTETRICIA 18.5 INSTRUMENTO PARA INDICADORES DE GESTION 129 PROGRAMACIÓN DE CIRUGÍAS 18.6 INSTRUMENTO PARA INDICADORES DE GESTION 132 ATENCIÓN DE CIRUGÍA. 18.7 INSTRUMENTO PARA INDICADORES DE GESTION PROMOCION Y PREVENCIÓN 18.8 INSTRUMENTO PARA INDICADORES DE GESTION FARMACIA 134 18.9 INSTRUMENTO PARA INDICADORES DE GESTION 138 LABORATORIO CLINICO 18.10 INSTRUENTO PARA INDICADORES DE GESTION RAYOS X 139 18.11 INSTRUMENTO PARA INDICADORES DE GESTION FACTURACIÓN 18.12 INSTRUMENTO PARA INDICADORES DE GESTION 140 ALMACEN RECOMENDACIONES 143 BIBLIOGRAFÍA 144EspecializaciónThe proposed research seeks through the application of theory and basic concepts of management control to propose to the ISABU (Health Institute of Bucaramanga), the implementation of a comprehensive control system that serves as a instrument at managerial levels, to evaluate particular situations in the institution, measure the impact on the provision of services and the acceptance of the same by the user. The design of this integrated management control system will generate indicators of critical aspects of institutional success in search of efficient operation organization based on scientific methodology, we will seek the quality as a fundamental axis of coherence with its mission and vision. The application of an indicator in the management process is useful to quantify objectives, planning, explaining relationships and structural behaviors, taking decisions, coordinate actions of different areas as well as for the control same management, appreciable benefits for any institution

The role of depression in the prediction of a "late" remission in first-episode psychosis:An analysis of the OPTiMiSE study

Objective: The identification of predictors of psychosis remission could guide early clinical decision-making for treatment of first-episode schizophrenia (FES). Methods: We analyzed two non-independent subsamples of patients with FES ages 18-40 years from the OPTiMiSE study dataset to investigate the demographic and clinical factors that might help to differentiate "late" re-mitters (i.e., not in remission at week 2 or 4, but achieving remission within a 10-week follow-up period) from non-remitters within the same period. Results: Subsample 1 included 216 individuals (55 females, mean age 25.9 years) treated with amisulpride in an open-label design who were not in remission at week 2. Early symptomatic response between baseline and week 2 (odds ratio (OR)- 4.186, 95% confidence interval (CI)- 2.082-8.416, p < 0.001) and older age (OR- 1.081, 95% = CI 1.026-1.138, p- 0.003) were the only variables significantly associated with a higher probability of psychosis remission at week 4. Subsample 2 was composed of the 72 participants (19 females, mean age 25.1 years) who were not in remission at week 4 and completed a 6-week double-blind randomized trial comparing continuation of amisulpride with switch to olanzapine. Depression at baseline (as measured with the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia) was significantly associated with a nearly 3-fold lower likelihood of psychosis remission during the 10-week follow-up (hazard ratio = 2.865, 95% CI = 1.187-6.916, p = 0.019). Conclusion: Our results reinforce the importance of assessing depressive symptoms in people with FES and support the relevance of an early response (as early as 2 weeks) as a predictor of clinical outcome in this population. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Negative Symptoms in Early-Onset Psychosis and Their Association With Antipsychotic Treatment Failure.

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from OUP via the DOI in this recordThe prevalence of negative symptoms (NS) at first episode of early-onset psychosis (EOP), and their effect on psychosis prognosis is unclear. In a sample of 638 children with EOP (aged 10-17 y, 51% male), we assessed (1) the prevalence of NS at first presentation to mental health services and (2) whether NS predicted eventual development of multiple treatment failure (MTF) prior to the age of 18 (defined by initiation of a third trial of novel antipsychotic due to prior insufficient response, intolerable adverse-effects or non-adherence). Data were extracted from the electronic health records held by child inpatient and community-based services in South London, United Kingdom. Natural Language Processing tools were used to measure the presence of Marder Factor NS and antipsychotic use. The association between presenting with ≥2 NS and the development of MTF over a 5-year period was modeled using Cox regression. Out of the 638 children, 37.5% showed ≥2 NS at first presentation, and 124 (19.3%) developed MTF prior to the age of 18. The presence of NS at first episode was significantly associated with MTF (adjusted hazard ratio 1.62, 95% CI 1.07-2.46; P = .02) after controlling for a number of potential confounders including psychosis diagnostic classification, positive symptoms, comorbid depression, and family history of psychosis. Other factors associated with MTF included comorbid autism spectrum disorder, older age at first presentation, Black ethnicity, and family history of psychosis. In EOP, NS at first episode are prevalent and may help identify a subset of children at higher risk of responding poorly to antipsychotics.J.D. received supported by a Medical Research Council (MRC) Clinical Research Training Fellowship (MR/L017105/1) and Psychiatry Research Trust Peggy Pollak Research Fellowship in Developmental Psychiatry. H.D. and S.L. have received salary support from the Foundation of Professional Services to Adolescents, UK. R.D.H. was funded by an MRC Fellowship (MR/J01219X/1). R.P. was funded by an MRC CRTF (MR/K002813/1). C.A., L.P-C., and C.M.D-C. have held grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, co-financed by ERDF Funds from the European Commission, “A way of making Europe,” CIBERSAM, Madrid Regional Government (S2010/BMD-2422 AGES), European Union Structural Funds and European Union Seventh Framework Program under grant agreements FP7-HEALTH-2009-2.2.1-2-241909 (EU-GEI), FP7-HEALTH-2009-2.2.1-3-242114 (OPTiMISE), FP7-HEALTH-2013-2.2.1-2-603196 (PSYSCAN)and FP7- HEALTH-2013-2.2.1-2-602478 (METSY); European Union H2020 Program under the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking (grant agreement No-115916; PRISM); Fundación Alicia Koplowitz and Fundación Mutua Madrileña. M.H., J.H.M. and H.S. receive salary support from the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health

Role of the employment status and education of mothers in the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in Mexican rural schoolchildren

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Background:&lt;/b&gt; Intestinal parasitic infections are a public health problem in developing countries such as Mexico. As a result, two governmental programmes have been implemented: a) "National Deworming Campaign" and b) "Opportunities" aimed at maternal care. However, both programmes are developed separately and their impact is still unknown. We independently investigated whether a variety of socio-economic factors, including maternal education and employment levels, were associated with intestinal parasite infection in rural school children.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; This cross-sectional study was conducted in 12 rural communities in two Mexican states. The study sites and populations were selected on the basis of the following traits: a) presence of activities by the national administration of albendazole, b) high rates of intestinal parasitism, c) little access to medical examination, and d) a population having less than 2,500 inhabitants. A total of 507 schoolchildren (mean age 8.2 years) were recruited and 1,521 stool samples collected (3 per child). Socio-economic information was obtained by an oral questionnaire. Regression modelling was used to determine the association of socio-economic indicators and intestinal parasitism.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; More than half of the schoolchildren showed poliparasitism (52%) and protozoan infections (65%). The prevalence of helminth infections was higher in children from Oaxaca (53%) than in those from Sinaloa (33%) (p &#60; 0.0001). Giardia duodenalis and Hymenolepis nana showed a high prevalence in both states. Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and Entamoeba hystolitica/dispar showed low prevalence. Children from lower-income families and with unemployed and less educated mothers showed higher risk of intestinal parasitism (odds ratio (OR) 6.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6–22.6; OR 4.5, 95% CI 2.5–8.2; OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.5–7.4 respectively). Defecation in open areas was also a high risk factor for infection (OR 2.4, 95% CI 2.0–3.0).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; Intestinal parasitism remains an important public health problem in Sinaloa (north-western Mexico) and Oaxaca (south-eastern Mexico). Lower income, defecation in open areas, employment status and a lower education level of mothers were the significant factors related to these infections. We conclude that mothers should be involved in health initiatives to control intestinal parasitism in Mexico.&lt;/p&gt

Measurement of the cross-section and charge asymmetry of WW bosons produced in proton-proton collisions at s=8\sqrt{s}=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper presents measurements of the $W^+ \rightarrow \mu^+\nu$ and $W^- \rightarrow \mu^-\nu$ cross-sections and the associated charge asymmetry as a function of the absolute pseudorapidity of the decay muon. The data were collected in proton--proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC and correspond to a total integrated luminosity of 20.2~\mbox{fb^{-1}}. The precision of the cross-section measurements varies between 0.8% to 1.5% as a function of the pseudorapidity, excluding the 1.9% uncertainty on the integrated luminosity. The charge asymmetry is measured with an uncertainty between 0.002 and 0.003. The results are compared with predictions based on next-to-next-to-leading-order calculations with various parton distribution functions and have the sensitivity to discriminate between them.Comment: 38 pages in total, author list starting page 22, 5 figures, 4 tables, submitted to EPJC. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/STDM-2017-13