La seca de encinas y alcornoques en Andalucía : decaimiento y enfermedad

El decaimiento forestal es una enfermedad de etiología compleja, resultado de la acción de un número variable de factores bióticos y abióticos que causan un deterioro gradual y general de los árboles afectados, hasta su muerte. Los factores implicados en el decaimiento de los Quercus en Andalucía son factores predisponentes de tipo selvícola, alteraciones climáticas como factor incitante, y plagas y enfermedades como factores contribuyentes. Entre las enfermedades implicadas en Seca de los Quercus destacan, por orden de importancia, la podredumbre radical causada por Phytophthora cinnamomi, los chancros de tronco y ramas causados por Botryosphaeria spp. y el chancro carbonoso causado por Biscogniauxia mediterranea. No obstante, las dos primeras enfermedades tienen una especial incidencia en distintas zonas de Andalucía de forma independiente, no asociadas al decaimiento. En el presente artículo se exponen las medidas de control disponibles contra estas enfermedades de los Quercus y se plantea la necesidad de disponer de un diagnóstico preciso en cada caso para abordar dicho control con garantías, ya que no cabe encontrar soluciones únicas que resulten eficaces con independencia de la naturaleza del problema._____________________________________The forestry decline is a complex disease, as a result of the action of a changeable number of biotic and abiotic factors that cause a gradual and general deterioration of the affected trees, until their death. The factors involved in the Quercus decline in Andalusia are predisposing factors like silvic, climatic alterations as inciting factor, and insect pest and diseases as contributing factors. Between the diseases involved in oak decline stand out, in order of importance, the root roting caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi, the chancres of trunk and branches caused by Botryosphaeria spp. and the charcoal canker caused by Biscogniauxia mediterranea. Nevertheless, the first two diseases have a special effect on different zones of Andalusia in different ways, not associated with the decay. In this article we expose the available tools of disease control. We emphasizes the need of having a precise diagnosis in every case to approach the control with guarantees, since there is no chance of finding only one efficient solution regardless of the nature of the problem

Sub-arcsecond radio and optical observations of the likely counterpart to the gamma-ray source 2FGL J2056.7+4939

We have searched and reviewed all multi- wavelength data available for the region towards the gamma-ray source 2FGL J2056.7+4939 in order to con- strain its possible counterpart at lower energies. As a result, only a point-like optical/infrared source with flat-spectrum radio emission is found to be consistent with all X-ray and gamma-ray error circles. Its struc- ture is marginally resolved at radio wavelengths at the sub-arcsecond level. An extragalactic scenario appears to be the most likely interpretation for this object.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, 1 tabl

Langerhans cell histiocytosis in the maxillofacial area in adults : report of three cases

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a disease of unknown etiology, characterized by proliferation of pathological Langerhans cells within different organs. It mainly affects children, but adult cases also occur, with an incidence rate of one to two per million. The head and neck are affected in almost 90% of cases. Diagnosis is made by means of histopathological analysis, and imaging studies are necessary in order to determine extent of the disease. There are no controlled trials proposing an optimal treatment protocol for LCH. Prognosis in adults is generally good due to the slow evolution of the disease and its favourable response to treatment. In our report, we present three cases of LCH in patients aged 16, 24, and 28 years respectively, with primary manifestation in the maxillofacial area. A literature review was also conducted

Bioactive potential of silica coatings and its effect on the adhesion of proteins to titanium implants

There is an ever-increasing need to develop dental implants with ideal characteristics to achieve specific and desired biological response in the scope of improve the healing process post-implantation. Following that premise, enhancing and optimizing titanium implants through superficial treatments, like silica sol-gel hybrid coatings, are regarded as a route of future research in this area. These coatings change the physicochemical properties of the implant, ultimately affecting its biological characteristics. Sandblasted acid-etched titanium (SAE-Ti) and a silica hybrid sol-gel coating (35M35G30T) applied onto the Ti substrate were examined. The results of in vitro and in vivo tests and the analysis of the protein layer adsorbed to each surface were compared and discussed. In vitro analysis with MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells, showed that the sol-gel coating raised the osteogenic activity potential of the implants (the expression of osteogenic markers, the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and IL-6 mRNAs, increased). In the in vivo experiments using as model rabbit tibiae, both types of surfaces promoted osseointegration. However, the coated implants demonstrated a clear increase in the inflammatory activity in comparison with SAE-Ti. Mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analysis showed differences in the composition of protein layers formed on the two tested surfaces. Large quantities of apolipoproteins were found attached predominantly to SAE-Ti. The 35M35G30T coating adsorbed a significant quantity of complement proteins, which might be related to the material intrinsic bioactivity, following an associated, natural and controlled immune response. The correlation between the proteomic data and the in vitro and in vivo outcomes is discussed on this experimental work

Numerical study for the development of flood maps considering the break hypothesis in irrigation reservoirs

[EN] The need to regulate the water volume as a function of irrigation needs, as well as the availability of hydric resources, caused the building of a high number of irrigation reservoir. This research describes the process for the development of floods maps when the break hypothesis is considered in irrigation reservoirs. This process was applied on 14 study cases, using FLDWAV and IBER model. The results showed the difference between the failure forms (piping and overtopping). These differences force to consider the two failure hypotheses in the study. Different criteria of damage were defined through velocity and depth values, which enable to interpret more specific the risk areas. The study contributes to improve the interpretation of this type of situations, helping in the planning and management of these possible emergencies.[ES] La necesidad de regular los volúmenes de agua en función de las necesidades de riego y la disponibilidad de los recursos hídricos ha provocado la construcción de un gran número de balsas de riego. El presente trabajo describe el proceso para el desarrollo de mapas de inundación en caso de rotura, los cuales son obligatorios según la normativa española. Este proceso ha sido aplicado a 14 casos de estudio reales, empleándose los modelos de cálculo FLDWAV e IBER. Los resultados han mostrado que existen diferencias al considerar las distintas formas de rotura: tubificación o sobrevertido, obligando a que ambas sean consideradas. A partir de los valores de calado y velocidad se han definido diferentes criterios de daño, que permiten una interpretación más específica de las zonas inundadas. El estudio realizado contribuye a una mejor interpretación de este tipo de situaciones, así como ayudar en la planificación y gestión de posibles emergencias.Este trabajo se encuentra en el marco del convenio de investigación entre la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia y la Comunidad General de Usuarios del Alto Vinalopó denominado “Realización de documentos PE para balsas de riego”.Los autores agradecen D. José Luis Adalid Elorza (†) su aportación al diseño de elementos de seguridad en balsas de tierra para riego que están contribuyendo eficazmente a la seguridad real de las mismas.Sánchez-Romero, F.; Pérez-Sánchez, M.; Redón-Santafé, M.; Torregrosa Soler, J.; Ferrer Gisbert, C.; Ferrán Gozálvez, J.; Ferrer Gisbert, A.... (2019). Estudio numérico para la elaboración de mapas de inundación considerando la hipótesis de rotura en balsas para riego. Ingeniería del Agua. 23(1):1-18. https://doi.org/10.4995/ia.2019.8892SWORD118231Abt, S.R., Wittier, R.J., Taylor, A., Love, D.J. 1989. Human Stability in a High Flood Hazard Zone. JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 25, 881-890. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1989.tb05404.xACA, 2003. Recomanacions tècniques per als estudis d'inundabilitat d'àmbit local. Agencia catalana del Agua. Guia Técnica. 106.Adalid, J., Ferrer, C., Torregrosa, J. 2009. Guías para el proyecto, construcción, explotación, mantenimiento, vigilancia y planes de emergencia de las balsas de riego con vistas a la seguridad. Consellería de Medi Ambient, Aigua, Urbanisme i Habitatge https://www.cma.gva.es/comunes_asp/documentos/agenda/Cas/62949-balsas_indices.pdf, Valencia.Anta, J., Bermúdez, M., Cea, L., Suárez, J., Ures, P., Puertas, J. 2015. Modelización de los impactos por DSU en el río Miño (Lugo). Ingeniería del agua, 19(2), 105-116. https://doi.org/10.4995/ia.2015.3648Areu-Rangel, O.S., González-Cao, J., Crespo, A.J.C., Bonasia, R. 2017. Numerical modelling of hydrological safety assignment in dams with IBER. 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NWS FLDWAV Model: The replacement of DAMBRK for dam-break flood prediction. 10th Annual Conference of the ASDSO 177-184.Fread, D.L. 1998. NWS FLDWAV Model: Theoretical description. Hydrologic Research Laboratory, Office of Hydrology, National Weather Service, NOAA 335.Fread, D.L., Lewis, J.M. 1988. FLDWAV: A generalized flood routing model, in: Proceedings of National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE. Colorado Springs, Colorado, pp. 668-673.Froehlich, D.C. 1995. Peak Outflow from Breached Embankment Dam. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 121, 90-97. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1995)121:1(90)Froehlich, D.C. 2008. Embankment Dam Breach Parameters and Their Uncertainties. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 134, 1708-1721. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2008)134:12(1708)Gobierno de España. 1995. Directriz Básica de Planificación de Protección Civil ante el Riesgo de Inundaciones.Gobierno de España. 2008. Real Decreto 9/2008, de 11 de enero, por el que se modifica el Reglamento del Dominio Público Hidráulico, aprobado por el Real Decreto 849/1986, de 11 de abril.González-Aguirre, J.C., Vázquez-Cendón, M.E., Alavez-Ramírez, J. 2016. Simulación numérica de inundaciones en Villahermosa México usando el código IBER. Ingeniería del agua, 20(4), 201-216. https://doi.org/10.4995/Ia.2016.5231González Ortega, J.M. 2010. Reflexiones acerca de la situación actual y la seguridad de las balsas en España., in: X Jornadas de Presas. Valladolid. pp. 1-10.Greimann, B.P. 2004. Comparison between the methods used in MIKE11 2003, FLDWAV 1.0, and HEC-RAS 3.1.1 to compute flows through a dam breach, in: Reclamation., B. of (Ed.). U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, [Denver, Colo.].Heimrich, A. 2009. Analyse comparative de cas de rupture de barrage avec les logiciels NWS FLDWAV et HEC RAS. Université de Sherbrooke.Karvonen, R.A., Hepojoki, H.K., Huhta, H.K., Louhio, A. 2000. The Use Of Physical Models In Dam-Break Flood Analysis, Development of rescue actions based on dam-break flood analysis (RESCDAM). Final report of Helsinki University of Technology 57.Kumar, S., Jaswal, A., Pandey, A., Sharma, N. 2017. Literature Review of Dam Break Studies and Inundation Mapping Using Hydraulic Models and GIS. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2395-56.MacDonald, T.C., Langridge-Monopolis, J. 1984. Breaching Charateristics of Dam Failures. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 110, 567-586. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1984)110:5(567)Martínez-Gomariz, E., Gómez, M., Russo, B. 2016. Estabilidad de personas en flujos de agua. Ingeniería del agua, 20(1), 43-58. https://doi.org/10.4995/ia.2016.4231Ministerio de Medio Ambiente de España. 1996. Clasificación de presas en Función del Riesgo Potencial - Guía Técnica. MARM, Madrid.Ministerio de Medio Ambiente de España. 2001. Guía técnica para la elaboración de los planes de emergencia de presas 164. MARM, Madrid.Ministerio de Medio Ambiente de España, 2011. Guía metodológica para el desarrollo del Sistema Nacional de Cartografía de Zonas Inundables. MARM, Madrid.Morris, M. 2009. Breaching processes: A state of the art review, T06-06-03. HR Wallingford.Nanía, L.S. 1999. Metodología numérico experimental para el análisis del riesgo asociado a la escorrentía pluvial en una red de calles. Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. http://hdl.handle.net/2117/93707National Weather Service. 2007. Evaluation of Different Hydraulic Models in Support of National Weather Service Operations. Silver Spring, Maryland.Sánchez-Cordero, E., Boix, J., Gómez, M., Bladé, E. 2018. Análisis numérico 3D de una rotura de presa utilizando el método VOF y el modelo de turbulencia LES . Ingeniería del agua, 22(3), 167-176. https://doi.org/10.4995/ia.2018.9374Sánchez-Romero, F.J. 2014. Criterios de seguridad en balsas de tierra para riego. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/38448Sánchez-Romero, F.J., Pérez-Sánchez, M., López-Jiménez, P.A. 2018. Modelo analítico para el cálculo de distribuciones de velocidad laterales en secciones tipo potencial-ley. Ribagua, 5, 29-47. https://doi.org/10.1080/23863781.2018.1442189Témez, J.R. 1992. Control del desarrollo urbano en las zonas inundables. Monografías del Colegio de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos 10, 105-115.Villanueva, I., García-Navarro, P., Zorraquino, V. 1999. Validación experimental de un modelo computacional unidimensional para el cálculo de ondas de avenida. Ingeniería del agua, 6(1), 55-62. https://doi.org/10.4995/ia.1999.2777Wahl, T. 1998. Prediction of Embankment Dam Breach Parameters-A literature review and needs assessment. U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Dam Safety.Wahl, T. 2004. Uncertainty of Predictions of Embankment Dam Breach Parameters. 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A systematic cross-search for radio/infrared counterparts of XMM-Newton sources

We present a catalog of cross-correlated radio, infrared and X-ray sources using a very restrictive selection criteria with an IDL-based code developed by us. The significance of the observed coincidences was evaluated through Monte Carlo simulations of synthetic sources following a well-tested protocol. We found 3320 coincident radio/X-ray sources with a high statistical significance characterized by the sum of error-weighted coordinate differences. For 997 of them, 2MASS counterparts were found. The percentage of chance coincidences is less than 1%. X-ray hardness ratios of well-known populations of objects were used to provide a crude representation of their X-ray spectrum and to make a preliminary diagnosis of the possible nature of unidentified X-ray sources. The results support the fact that the X-ray sky is largely dominated by Active Galactic Nuclei at high galactic latitudes (|b| >= 10^\circ). At low galactic latitudes (|b| <= 10^\circ) most of unidentified X-ray sources (~94%) lie at |b| <= 2^\circ. This result suggests that most of the unidentified sources found toward the Milky Way plane are galactic objects. Well-known and unidentified sources were classified in different tables with their corresponding radio/infrared and X-ray properties. These tables are intended as a useful tool for researchers interested in particular identifications.Comment: Accepted for publication in Ap&SS. 47 pages, 10 figures. On-line material: figures and table

Peripheral organ equivalent dose estimation procedure in proton therapy

The aim of this work is to present a reproducible methodology for the evaluation of total equivalent doses in organs during proton therapy facilities. The methodology is based on measuring the dose equivalent in representative locations inside an anthropomorphic phantom where photon and neutron dosimeters were inserted. The Monte Carlo simulation was needed for obtaining neutron energy distribution inside the phantom. The methodology was implemented for a head irradiation case in the passive proton beam of iThemba Labs (South Africa). Thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD)-600 and TLD-700 pairs were used as dosimeters inside the phantom and GEANT code for simulations. In addition, Bonner sphere spectrometry was performed inside the treatment room to obtain the neutron spectra, some relevant neutron dosimetric quantities per treatment Gy, and a percentual distribution of neutron fluence and ambient dose equivalent in four energy groups, at two locations. The neutron spectrum at one of those locations was also simulated so that a reasonable agreement between simulation and measurement allowed a validation of the simulation. Results showed that the total out-of-field dose equivalent inside the phantom ranged from 1.4 to 0.28 mSv/Gy, mainly due to the neutron contribution and with a small contribution from photons, 10% on average. The order of magnitude of the equivalent dose in organs was similar, displaying a slow reduction in values as the organ is farther from the target volume. These values were in agreement with those found by other authors in other passive beam facilities under similar irradiation and measurement conditions

Determinants and Differences in Satisfaction with the Inhaler Among Patients with Asthma or COPD

Satisfaction with the inhaler is an important determinant of treatment adherence in patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, few studies have compared these 2 groups to identify the factors associated with satisfaction with the inhaler. To assess and compare satisfaction with the inhaler in patients with asthma or COPD and to determine the variables associated with high inhaler satisfaction. A multicenter, cross-sectional study of 816 patients (406 with asthma and 410 with COPD) was conducted. Satisfaction was assessed with the Feeling of Satisfaction with Inhaler (FSI-10) questionnaire. All participants completed the Test of Adherence to Inhalers and either the Asthma Control Test (ACT) or the COPD Assessment Test (CAT). Overall, the asthma group was significantly more satisfied with the inhaler (mean [standard deviation] FSI-10 scores: 44.1 [6.5] vs 42.0 [7.7]; P <.001) and more satisfied on most (7 of 10; 70%) items. Patients with asthma were significantly more satisfied with the inhaler regardless of the adherence level or the type of nonadherence pattern. Younger age, good disease control (ACT ≥20 or CAT ≤10), previous inhaler training, and absence of unwitting nonadherence were all independently and significantly associated with high inhaler satisfaction. Age, disease control, and training in inhalation technique all play a more significant role than the specific diagnosis in explaining satisfaction with the device in patients with asthma and COPD. These findings underscore the need to provide better training and more active monitoring of the inhalation technique to improve patient satisfaction, treatment adherence, and clinical outcomes

Model-independent search for CP violation in D0→K−K+π−π+ and D0→π−π+π+π− decays

A search for CP violation in the phase-space structures of D0 and View the MathML source decays to the final states K−K+π−π+ and π−π+π+π− is presented. The search is carried out with a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb−1 collected in 2011 by the LHCb experiment in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. For the K−K+π−π+ final state, the four-body phase space is divided into 32 bins, each bin with approximately 1800 decays. The p-value under the hypothesis of no CP violation is 9.1%, and in no bin is a CP asymmetry greater than 6.5% observed. The phase space of the π−π+π+π− final state is partitioned into 128 bins, each bin with approximately 2500 decays. The p-value under the hypothesis of no CP violation is 41%, and in no bin is a CP asymmetry greater than 5.5% observed. All results are consistent with the hypothesis of no CP violation at the current sensitivity