Measurements of differential production cross sections for a Z boson in association with jets in pp collisions at root s=8 TeV

Peer reviewe

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Charged-particle nuclear modification factors in PbPb and pPb collisions at √=sNN=5.02 TeV

The spectra of charged particles produced within the pseudorapidity window |η| < 1 at √ sNN = 5.02 TeV are measured using 404 µb −1 of PbPb and 27.4 pb−1 of pp data collected by the CMS detector at the LHC in 2015. The spectra are presented over the transverse momentum ranges spanning 0.5 < pT < 400 GeV in pp and 0.7 < pT < 400 GeV in PbPb collisions. The corresponding nuclear modification factor, RAA, is measured in bins of collision centrality. The RAA in the 5% most central collisions shows a maximal suppression by a factor of 7–8 in the pT region of 6–9 GeV. This dip is followed by an increase, which continues up to the highest pT measured, and approaches unity in the vicinity of pT = 200 GeV. The RAA is compared to theoretical predictions and earlier experimental results at lower collision energies. The newly measured pp spectrum is combined with the pPb spectrum previously published by the CMS collaboration to construct the pPb nuclear modification factor, RpA, up to 120 GeV. For pT > 20 GeV, RpA exhibits weak momentum dependence and shows a moderate enhancement above unity

Rotação de culturas para trigo, após quatro anos: efeitos na fertilidade do solo em plantio direto Crop rotation systems for wheat, after four years: effects on soil fertility under no-tillage

A fertilidade do solo foi avaliada, após quatro anos (1990 a 1994), num latossolo bruno álico, em Guarapuava, PR, Brasil, em quatro sistemas de rotação de culturas para trigo: sistema I (trigo/soja); sistema II (trigo/soja e aveia branca/soja); sistema III (trigo/soja, ervilhaca/ milho e aveia branca/soja); e sistema IV (trigo/soja, aveia branca/soja, cevada/soja e ervilhaca/ milho). As culturas, tanto de inverno como de verão, foram estabelecidas sob plantio direto. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. Através de contrastes, foram comparados os sistemas e as profundidades de amostragem de solo. Em todos os sistemas de rotação de culturas, na camada de solo 0 a 5cm, observaram-se valores maiores de pH e de Ca+Mg e menores de Al (com exceção do sistema III), em relação à camada 15 a 20cm. Houve elevação dos teores de Ca+Mg, de K e de P na camada de solo com a maior concentração de raízes (0 a 10cm). Os valores de matéria orgânica do solo decresceram progressivamente da camada 0 a 5cm para a camada 15 a 20cm.<br>Soil fertility parameters were evaluated after four years (1990 to 1994) on a alic dusky latosol located in Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil, under four wheat crop rotation systems as follows: system I (wheat/soybean); system II (wheat/soybean and white oats/soybean); system III (wheat/soybean, common vetch/corn, and white oats/soybean); and system IV (wheat/soybean, white oats/soybean, barley/soybean and common vetch/cor). Both winter and summer crops were seeded under no tillage. A randomized complete block design, with four replications, was used. Crop systems and soil samples at different depths were compared using the contrast procedure. All crop rotation systems, in the 0 to 5cm soil layer, higher values were observed for pH in water and Ca+Mg and lower contents for Al (except system III), as compared to the 15 to 20cm layer. Raising in Ca+Mg, K, and P levels occurred in the soil layer with the greatest root concentration (0 to 10cm). The soil organic matter contents decreased with depth from 0-5cm to 15-20cm

Respostas produtivas de alface em cultivo protegido com agrotêxtil

O trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a resposta produtiva de duas cultivares de alface (Vera e Lídia), em três ambientes de cultivo (sob agrotêxtil branco, sob agrotêxtil natural e em ambiente aberto), no inverno/primavera de 2005. Os materiais de agrotêxtil branco e natural, ambos de polipropileno, tinham 17 e 15 g m-2 de gramatura respectivamente. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com os tratamentos dispostos em parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. A testemunha foi constituída por parcela sem proteção das plantas com agrotêxtil (ambiente aberto). Foram avaliadas as produtividades total e comercial da cabeça, o número de folhas por cabeça, a porcentagem de folhas descartadas e o comprimento e a fitomassa seca do caule das plantas de alface. Para as características avaliadas verificou-se efeito significativo dos fatores de forma isolada. Embora não tenha sido constatada diferença significativa entre os tipos de agrotêxtil na produtividade, ambos os resultados com esses materiais foram superiores à testemunha, independentemente da cultivar. Para a época de inverno/primavera da região estudada, o uso de agrotêxtil de coloração branca ou natural é recomendável para as cultivares Vera e Lídia proporcionando aumento na biomassa fresca da cabeça comercial e melhor aproveitamento das folhas

Regressão luteal e dinâmica folicular após luteólise natural ou induzida por cloprostenol em vacas da raça Gir Luteal regression and follicular dynamic after spontaneous or cloprostenol induced luteolysis in Gir cattle

A regressão luteal e a dinâmica folicular foram avaliadas durante o período de regressão luteal natural (n=14) ou após a indução artificial da luteólise pela aplicação de 500 g de cloprostenol (n=13), utilizando-se um aparelho portátil de ultra-som. Após a indução da luteólise foi detectada maior taxa de regressão luteal em 24 (0,89± 0,13×0,24± 0,17cm²/dia; P<0,05) e 48 horas (0,78±0,15×0,36±0,07cm²/dia P<0,05), porém a redução na concentração de progesterona foi semelhante (P>0,05). Não houve diferença (P>0,05) nas características da dinâmica folicular entre os dois grupos. No momento da luteólise, quando havia um folículo dominante funcional, observou-se redução na duração do crescimento folicular (3,71±0,56×5,26±0,34 dias; P<0,05) e no intervalo luteólise-estro (85,71±14,68×121,33±8,34 horas; P<0,05). Os resultados demonstram que a regressão funcional do corpo lúteo e a dinâmica folicular são semelhantes após a luteólise natural ou induzida em vacas da raça Gir, e que o fator determinante no intervalo luteólise-estro é o estádio fisiológico dos folículos presentes.<br>The luteal regression and the follicular dynamic were evaluated during the natural luteal regression period (n=14) or after induction of luteolysis by the administration of 500 g of cloprostenol (n=13), using a portable ultrasound device. Luteolysis induction increased luteal regression over 24 (0.89±0.13×0.24±0.17cm²/day; P<0.05) and 48 hours period (0.78±0.15×0.36±0.07cm²/day; P<0.05), but the reduction of progesterone concentration was similar (P>0.05). There was no difference (P>0.05) in follicular dynamic between the two groups. Cows in which the largest follicle during luteolysis was the ovulatory follicle presented shorter periods of follicular growth (3.71±0.56×5.26±0.34 days; P<0.05) and luteolysis to estrous intervals (85.71±14.68×121.33±8.34 hours; P<0.05). This study shows that functional (but not morphological) regression of corpus luteum and follicular dynamics after spontaneous or induced luteolysis are similar in Gir cattle