Magnetic Collapse of a Neutron Gas: No Magnetar Formation

A degenerate neutron gas in equilibrium with a background of electrons and protons in a magnetic field exerts its pressure anisotropically, having a smaller value perpendicular than along the magnetic field. For critical fields the magnetic pressure may produce the vanishing of the equatorial pressure of the neutron gas, and the outcome could be a transverse collapse of the star. This fixes a limit to the fields to be observable in stable pulsars as a function of their density. The final structure left over after the implosion might be a mixed phase of nucleons and meson ($\pi^{\pm,0},\kappa^{\pm,0}$) condensate (a strange star also likely) or a black string, but no magnetar at all.Comment: 5 pages, 1 latex file, 1 encapsulated figure. Submitted to Physical Review Letters (24/11/2000

Análisis y propuesta de mejoramiento de la seguridad vial y reducción de los accidentes de tránsito en la intersección de las avenidas Vía de Evitamiento Sur y Atahualpa, Cajamarca - 2021

Según reportes del INEI 2020 en el departamento de Cajamarca ocurrieron alrededor de 1303 accidentes de tránsito, ocasionados mayormente por pistas en mal estado y señalizaciones defectuosas. Ante esta situación, el presente estudio de investigación tuvo por objetivo analizar y proponer el mejoramiento en seguridad vial para la reducción de accidentes de tránsito en la intersección de las avenidas Vía de Evitamiento Sur y Atahualpa a fin de salvaguardar la seguridad vial y pública en la ciudad de Cajamarca. El estudio es de tipo descriptivo, analítico y no experimental. Los instrumentos aplicados fueron una lista de chequeo y encuesta que recogieron información sobre seguridad vial. Como resultado, se identifica la escasa señalización, visibilización, poca iluminación y vía con agrietamientos; dichas características evidencian que la intersección no se encuentra en óptimas condiciones para brindar seguridad vial a la población transeúnte y conductores, lo cual conlleva a la ocurrencia de los accidentes de tránsito. Se concluye que en base al análisis se establece una propuesta de mejoramiento de seguridad vial para la reducción de accidentes de tránsito con atención en el diseño, visibilidad, señalización, iluminación y superficie de rodadura, orientado a los tomadores de decisiones, instituciones involucradas y sociedad en su conjunto.According to INEI 2020 reports, around 1,303 traffic accidents occurred in the department of Cajamarca, mostly caused by roads in poor condition and faulty signage. Given this situation, this research study aimed to analyze and propose improvements in road safety to reduce traffic accidents at the intersection of Vía de Evitamiento Sur and Atahualpa avenues in order to safeguard road and public safety in the city. Cajamarca city. The study is descriptive, analytical and non-experimental. The instruments applied were a checklist and a Survey that collected information on road safety. As a result, the poor signage, visibility, poor lighting and road with cracks are identified; These characteristics show that the intersection is not in optimal conditions to provide road safety to the pedestrian population and drivers, which leads to the occurrence of traffic accidents. It is concluded that based on the analysis, a proposal to improve road safety is established to reduce traffic accidents with attention to design, visibility, signage, lighting and road Surface, aimed at decision makers, institutions involved and society as a whole

Effect of particle size in the reduction of lateritic Ni ore in a Linder reactor

Colombia possesses Nickel ore in the highlands of the San Jorge region, south of the department of Cordoba. The material extracted from the area is processed by means of calcination and fusion in a Rotary Kiln and an Electrical Arc Furnace EAF respectively to obtain the Ferronickel. During the crushing, drying, and calcination of the mineral within the Rotary Kiln, fine ore particles that contain Fe and Ni are produced; these fine particles must be agglomerated and then returned to the furnace for calcination. Inside the furnace, the size of the material and the velocity of the gases, limits the efficiency of the process, where particles less than 2 mm do not calcine and is expelled from the furnace. The present work analyses the influence of particle size of a lateritic mineral of nickel, submitted to reduction in a Linder reactor, using two particle size distributions; a conventional sample for reduction test and another fine. The materials were dried and then reduced at a temperature of 950°C, with coal as a reductive agent. It was found that the loss of mass due to the particle size was not relevant and the decrease of particle size improves the concentration of the desired material, optimizing the recuperation of Fe and Ni during the reduction stage.A Colômbia possui minério de níquel nas terras altas da região de San Jorge, ao sul do departamento de Córdoba. O material extraído da área é processado por meio de calcinação e fusão em um Forno Rotativo e uma FEA de Forno a Arco Elétrico respectivamente para obter o Ferroníquel. Durante o esmagamento, secagem e calcinação do mineral dentro do forno rotativo, partículas finas de minério contendo Fe e Ni são produzidas; estas partículas finas devem ser aglomeradas e depois devolvidas ao forno para calcinação. Dentro do forno, o tamanho do material e a velocidade dos gases, limita a eficiência do processo, onde partículas menores que 2 mm não calcinam e são expelidas do forno. O presente trabalho analisa a influência do tamanho de partículas de um mineral laterítico de níquel, submetido a redução em um reator de Linder, utilizando duas distribuições de tamanho de partícula; uma amostra convencional para teste de redução e outra multa. Os materiais foram secos e depois reduzidos a uma temperatura de 950 ° C, com carvão como agente redutor. Verificou-se que a perda de massa devido ao tamanho das partículas não foi relevante e a diminuição do tamanho das partículas melhora a concentração do material desejado, otimizando a recuperação de Fe e Ni durante o estágio de redução.Colombia posee mineral de níquel en las tierras altas de la región de San Jorge, al sur del departamento de Córdoba. El material extraído del área se procesa mediante calcinación y fusión en un horno rotatorio y horno eléctrico de arco eléctrico, respectivamente, para obtener el ferroníquel. Durante la trituración, secado y calcinación del mineral dentro del horno rotatorio, se producen finas partículas de mineral que contienen Fe y Ni; estas partículas finas deben ser aglomeradas y luego devueltas al horno para la calcinación. Dentro del horno, el tamaño del material y la velocidad de los gases, limita la eficiencia del proceso, donde partículas de menos de 2 mm no calcinan y son expulsadas del horno. El presente trabajo analiza la influencia del tamaño de partícula de un mineral laterítico de níquel, sometido a reducción en un reactor de Linder, utilizando dos distribuciones de tamaño de partícula; una muestra convencional para prueba de reducción y otra multa. Los materiales se secaron y luego se redujeron a una temperatura de 950 ° C, con carbón como agente reductor. Se encontró que la pérdida de masa debida al tamaño de partícula no era relevante y la disminución del tamaño de partícula mejora la concentración del material deseado, optimizando la recuperación de Fe y Ni durante la etapa de reducción. Palabras clave: mineral laterítico, horno rotatorio, níquel, reducción directa, tamaño de partícula, reactor Linder

Calidad de las elecciones a titular del Ejecutivo en el Centro y Centro-occidente de México

Este libro, que tiene por objetivo analizar la calidad de las elecciones celebradas entre 2006 y 2011 para ocupar la titularidad del Poder Ejecutivo de las 14 entidades federativas de la República Mexicana que conforman las regiones Centro y Centro-occidente de este país, ha sido elaborado por investigadores pertenecientes a la Red Nacional de Investigación sobre la Calidad de la Democracia en México (Renicadem), la cual cuenta con un equipo de investigación en cada una de las entidades federativas del país. A su vez, esta Red constituye una de las cuatro líneas temáticas que componen la red temática del Conacyt “Sociedad civil y calidad de la democracia”. Con todo, la presente obra puede considerarse, en dos sentidos, como el resultado parcial de estudios realizados por investigadores que conforman la mencionada Renicadem. Por un lado, trata sólo de una de las varias dimensiones que esta Red ha establecido como necesarias para analizar la calidad de la democracia: la calidad electoral (otras dimensiones, que se encuentran en proceso de investigación, son calidad de vida, rendición de cuentas y Estado de derecho). También es parcial porque no abarca la totalidad de la República Mexicana, sino únicamente a las 14 entidades indicadas.UAE

Production of He-4 and (4) in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV at the LHC

Results on the production of He-4 and (4) nuclei in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S = 2.76 TeV in the rapidity range vertical bar y vertical bar <1, using the ALICE detector, are presented in this paper. The rapidity densities corresponding to 0-10% central events are found to be dN/dy4(He) = (0.8 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.3 (syst)) x 10(-6) and dN/dy4 = (1.1 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.2 (syst)) x 10(-6), respectively. This is in agreement with the statistical thermal model expectation assuming the same chemical freeze-out temperature (T-chem = 156 MeV) as for light hadrons. The measured ratio of (4)/He-4 is 1.4 +/- 0.8 (stat) +/- 0.5 (syst). (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Annual Conference on Formative Research on EFL. Practices thar inspire change.

The conference papers of the Annual Conference on Formative Research on EFL. Practices thar inspire change collect pedagogical experiences, research reports, and reflections about social issues, language teaching, teaching training, interculturality under the panorama of the Covid-19 pandemic. Each paper invites the reader to implement changes in their teaching practice through disruptive pedagogies, reflect on the social and emotional consequences of the lockdown, new paths for teacher training and different approaches for teaching interculturality. We expect to inspire new ways to train pre-service teachers and teach languages in this changing times

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat