The effect of supplementation with three lactic acid bacteria from bovine origin on growth performance and health status of young calves

Good health in animals that are to be part of human diet during the production chain is key from both production and public health points of view. The use of indigenous microorganisms with probiotic capacity is an alternative for treating and preventing several bovine diseases. This study presents an assessment of the effect of a lactic acid bacteria inoculum from bovine origin integrated by Lactobacillus casei DSPV 318T, Lactobacillus salivarius DSPV 315T and Pediococcus acidilactici DSPV 006T on growth performance and health status of young calves. The 3-microorganism inoculum suspended in a solution of NaCl 0,15M was administered to an experimental group of calves at a daily dose of 109 UFC KgG1 for 35 days. A control group was administered NaCl solution as placebo. The inoculum showed no significant effects, either positive or negative, on the animals´ performance that could have been measured in the conditions in which the study was developed. Perhaps, the lack of evident beneficial effects may have been due to the excellent health status of the animals, the appropriate environmental conditions of the test and the absence of stressing situations during breeding. All evidence shows that the advantages of using probiotics as regards growth performance, health improvement and calf survival could be more easily detected in farms presenting high morbidity and mortality rates mainly produced by diarrhoea syndrome.Fil: Frizzo, Laureano Sebastian. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Salud Pública Veterinaria; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Soto, Lorena Paola. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Salud Pública Veterinaria; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Bertozzi, Ezequiel. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Salud Pública Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Zbrun, María Virginia. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Salud Pública Veterinaria; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Sequeira, Gabriel Jorge. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Salud Pública Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Dalla Santina, R.. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Salud Pública Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez Armesto, Roberto. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Salud Pública Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Rosmini, Marcelo Raul. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Salud Pública Veterinaria; Argentin

Forest hydrology in Chile: Past, present, and future

This paper reviews the current knowledge of hydrological processes in Chilean temperate forests which extend along western South America from latitude 29° S to 56 ° S. This geographic region includes a diverse range of natural and planted forests and a broad sweep of vegetation, edaphic, topographic, geologic, and climatic settings which create a unique natural laboratory. Many local communities, endangered freshwater ecosystems, and downstream economic activities in Chile rely on water flows from forested catchments. This review aims to (i) provide a comprehensive overview of Chilean forest hydrology, to (ii) review prior research in forest hydrology in Chile, and to (iii) identify knowledge gaps and provide a vision for future research on forest hydrology in Chile. We reviewed the relation between native forests, commercial plantations, and other land uses on water yield and water quality from the plot to the catchment scale. Much of the global understanding of forests and their relationship with the water cycle is in line with the findings of the studies reviewed here. Streamflow from forested catchments increases after timber harvesting, native forests appear to use less water than plantations, and streams draining native forest yield less sediment than streams draining plantations or grassland/shrublands. We identified 20 key knowledge gaps such as forest groundwater systems, soil–plant-atmosphere interactions, native forest hydrology, and the effect of forest management and restoration on hydrology. Also, we found a paucity of research in the northern geographic areas and forest types (35-36 ° S); most forest hydrology studies in Chile (56 %) have been conducted in the southern area (Los Rios Region around 39-40 ° S). There is limited knowledge of the geology and soils in many forested areas and how surface and groundwater are affected by changes in land cover. There is an opportunity to advance our understanding using process-based investigations linking field studies and modeling. Through the establishment of a forest hydrology science “society” to coordinate efforts, regional and national-scale land use planning might be supported. Our review ends with a vision to advance a cross-scale collaborative effort to use new nation-wide catchment-scale networks Long-term Ecosystem Research (LTER) sites, to promote common and complementary techniques in these studies, and to conduct transdisciplinary research to advance sound and integrated planning of forest lands in Chile

Forward-central two-particle correlations in p-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=5.02 TeV

Two-particle angular correlations between trigger particles in the forward pseudorapidity range (2.5 2GeV/c. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B. V.Peer reviewe

Event-shape engineering for inclusive spectra and elliptic flow in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV

Peer reviewe

Elliptic flow of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays at forward rapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=2.76TeV

The elliptic flow, v(2), of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays at forward rapidity (2.5 <y <4) is measured in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)= 2.76TeVwith the ALICE detector at the LHC. The scalar product, two- and four-particle Q cumulants and Lee-Yang zeros methods are used. The dependence of the v(2) of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays on the collision centrality, in the range 0-40%, and on transverse momentum, p(T), is studied in the interval 3 <p(T)<10 GeV/c. A positive v(2) is observed with the scalar product and two-particle Q cumulants in semi-central collisions (10-20% and 20-40% centrality classes) for the p(T) interval from 3 to about 5GeV/c with a significance larger than 3 sigma, based on the combination of statistical and systematic uncertainties. The v(2) magnitude tends to decrease towards more central collisions and with increasing pT. It becomes compatible with zero in the interval 6 <p(T)<10 GeV/c. The results are compared to models describing the interaction of heavy quarks and open heavy-flavour hadrons with the high-density medium formed in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Studies on translocation, acute oral toxicity and intestinal colonization of potentially probiotic lactic acid bacteria administered during calf rearing

In order to test the harmlessness of potentially beneficial bacterial strains when raising young calves, their safety level should be verified before they are included into a probiotic formulation. In the present study, an inoculum composed of three lactic acid bacteria of bovine origin, Lactobacillus casei DSPV 318T, Lactobacillus salivarius DSPV 315T and Pediococcus acidilactici DSPV 006T, was evaluated to define its acute oral toxicity and capacity to colonize, remain in the gastrointestinal tract and translocate to the organs in the internal medium. The inoculum was orally administered to a group of experimental calves in doses of 109 CFU/kg/day suspended in a NaCl 0.15 M solution. A control group received only a NaCl solution as placebo. The results showed that the bacteria of the used probiotic inoculum did not translocate to the internal medium and that there were no adverse effects on the general health state, weight gain and feed consumption in the animals treated with the inoculum. This situation suggests that the strains used are not pathogenic and will be probably safe if used as a food additive in calf diets.Fil: Frizzo, Laureano Sebastian. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Salud Pública Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Bertozzi, Ezequiel. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Salud Pública Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Soto, Lorena Paola. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Salud Pública Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Sequeira, Gabriel Jorge. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Salud Pública Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez Armesto, Roberto. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Salud Pública Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Rosmini, Marcelo Raul. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Salud Pública Veterinaria; Argentin

Intestinal populations of Lactobacilli and coliforms after in vivo Salmonella dublin challenge and their relationship with microbial translocation in calves supplemented with lactic acid bacteria and lactose

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between intestinal microbial populations and bacterial translocation in young calves supplemented with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and lactose and experimentally infected with Salmonella dublin DSPV 595T. Fifteen calves were divided into three groups (a control group, a group inoculated with LAB, and a group inoculated with LAB and lactose), with 5, 6 and 4 animals each, were used. The LAB inoculum, composed of Lactobacillus casei DSPV 318T, L. salivarius DSPV 315T and Pediococcus acidilactici DSPV 006T was administered together with the milk replacer. The groups inoculated with LAB and LAB and lactose received a daily dose of 109CFU/kg body weight of each strain throughout the experiment. Lactose was provided in doses of 100g/d. The administration of the pathogen was performed on all animals on day 11 of the experiment with 2×1010CFU. The levels of probiotic inoculum found in the large intestine of the animals from the two groups inoculated with the probiotic [0] were of 5log10CFU/g, whereas those in the small intestine were of 5log10CFU/g in the animals inoculated with LAB and lactose, and approximately 1log10CFU/g less in the group inoculated with LAB. The levels of Salmonella in both, the small and large intestines, were between 3log10CFU/g and 4log10CFU/g. High microbial loads were found in the internal organs. Lactobacillus spp. were found only in the lymph nodes of the two groups inoculated with the probiotic, in very low amounts (<1log10CFU/g). Despite the high concentration of Salmonella administered to calves, the LAB inoculum of bovine origin was not capable of translocating to the internal organs in the extreme situations of intestinal imbalance generated by the pathogen.Fil: Frizzo, Laureano Sebastian. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Salud Pública Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Soto, Lorena Paola. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Salud Pública Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Bertozzi, Ezequiel. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Salud Pública Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Zbrun, María Virginia. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Salud Pública Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Signorini Porchietto, Marcelo Lisandro. Universidad Nacional del Litoral; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria Eea, Rafaela; ArgentinaFil: Sequeira, Gabriel Jorge. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Salud Pública Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez Armesto, Roberto. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Salud Pública Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Rosmini, Marcelo Raul. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Salud Pública Veterinaria; Argentin

Effect of lactic acid bacteria and lactose on growth performance and intestinal microbial balance of artificially reared calves

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of lactose and a microbial inoculum integrated by three lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains of bovine origin to improve the growth performance and the intestinal microbial balance in young calves. The experimental group of calves was administered with an inoculum consisting of three microorganisms (Lactobacillus casei DSPV 318T, Lactobacillus salivarius DSPV 315T and Pediococcus acidilactici DSPV 006T) suspended in a solution of NaCl 0.15M, at a daily dose of 109CFU/kg for 35days, whereas the control group was administered only NaCl solution as placebo. A factorial design with repeated measures in complete blocks at random was used. Four blocks with six calves each were built and the six proposed treatments randomly distributed. The experiment was performed in 35days. We found no differences in the growth performance parameters for the probiotic and lactose factors. The probiotic and lactose factors showed significant differences in the values of the Lactobacillus spp. counts in feces. The animals supplemented with the probiotic showed the highest LAB counts, which remained constant during the experiment. The animals which consumed the intermediate level of lactose showed the highest LAB counts. Although the probiotic treatment did not reduce the fecal count of coliforms, it generated differences (P<0.05) in the Lactobacillus/coliforms ratio. The strategy achieved with lactose in this study allowed generating a controlled imbalance in the gastrointestinal tract of calves. This model may be useful to evaluate the beneficial effect of the microbial inoculum with a probiotic potential, especially when adequate sanitary and environmental conditions hinder viewing.Fil: Frizzo, Laureano Sebastian. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Salud Pública Veterinaria; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; ArgentinaFil: Soto, Lorena Paola. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Salud Pública Veterinaria; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; ArgentinaFil: Zbrun, María Virginia. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Salud Pública Veterinaria; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; ArgentinaFil: Signorini Porchietto, Marcelo Lisandro. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Salud Pública Veterinaria; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; ArgentinaFil: Bertozzi, Ezequiel. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Salud Pública Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Sequeira, Gabriel Jorge. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Salud Pública Veterinaria; Argentina. Universidad Católica de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez Armesto, Roberto. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Salud Pública Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Rosmini, Marcelo Raul. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Salud Pública Veterinaria; Argentina. Universidad Católica de Córdoba; Argentin