Regionalismo, multilateralismo e Mercosul : evidencia da inserção comercial brasileira apos alguns anos de abertura

Orientador: Mariano Francisco LaplaneDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de EconomiaResumo: À luz da descrição de um debate conceitual sobre formas de adesão normativa dos países a uma nova ordem econômica mundial - grosso modo, multilateralismo e regionalismo - esta dissertação discute o desempenho comercial brasileiro em dois anos, 1989 e 1996. Perscruta-se, através da construção e análise de quatro indicadores quantitativos, qual a diferença, no que se refere a resultados dinâmicos, de uma inserção comercial unilateral e de uma inserção preferencial, através do acordo regional de integração do Mercosul. Ainda que o debate sobre regionalismo e multilateralismo seja inconcluso, especialmente porque centrado em testes controversos sobre criação ou desvio de comércio (ademais, também aqui desenvolvidos), conclui-se que o Mercosul representou para o Brasil uma estratégia de liberalização mais adequada para a inserção comercial da estrutura produtiva nacional.Não apenas porque configurou-se como um bloco construtivo (building block), portanto afeito aos ditames do regionalismo aberto não prejudicial a terceiros países, mas sobretudo porque tornou-se um mercado importante para setores industriais mais sofisticados, o que permitiria uma crescente capacitação do conjunto produtivo brasileiro rumo a uma futura liberalização mais ampla, permitindo, por sua vez, uma inserção menos passiva na nova ordem mundialAbstract: Anchored in the description of a conceptual debate about ways of nations adhesion to a new world economic order - multilateralism versus regionalism debate - this dissertation describes the Brazilian commercial performance in two years, 1989 and 1996. Through the development and analysis of four quantitative indexes the study try to answer what are the differences between an unilateral liberalization and a preferential agreement, like Mercosur, for the Brazilian economic standing. The dissertation concludes that Mercosur is the best option for liberalizing Brazilian economy, specially because it became a significant market area for high value added products, opposing an unilateral openness. Therefore, this situation could enhance Brazilian production structure, what, as a result, could lead our economy through an active adhesion to new world economic order. Moreover, Mercosur is a typical building block, which means that it do not effectively marginalize third partners, jitting itself as an open regionalism agreementMestradoMestre em Ciências Econômica

INVESTIMENTO DIRETO ESTRANGEIRO E IMPACTOS DA ALCA: UMA ANÁLISE EMPÍRICA

This paper evaluates the main determinants of the American Foreign Direct Investment (IDE) flows throughout the recent period. We estimate a gravity model for testing the hypothesis that transnational corporations' decisions concerning IDE are influenced by the sector of activity to which they direct their investment (manufacturing or services). In addition, it is verified whether geographic determinants (like the distance between GDP and host countries) and the host country's decision to take part in schemes of economic integration influence or not IDE flows. We also test the hypothesis that the regional location of destination country affects the flows directed to different sectors. Finally, we use our model to simulate the effects of a hypothetical Brazilian and Argentine decision to join the ALCA process on the IDE flows.

Delineation of management zones using mobile measurements of soil apparent electrical conductivity and multivariate geostatistical techniques

Site-specific management promotes the identification and management of areas within the field, which represent subfield regions with homogeneous characteristics (management zones). However, determination of subfield areas is difficult because of the complex combination of factors which could affect crop yield. One possibility to capture yield variability is the use of soil physical properties to define the management zones as they are related to plant available water. With the aim of characterizing the spatial variability of the main soil physical variables and using this information to determine potential management zones, soil samples were taken from 70 locations in a 33-ha field in Badajoz, southwestern Spain. Firstly, accurate spatial distribution maps of the soil attributes were generated by using regression kriging as the most suitable algorithm in which exhaustive secondary information on soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) was incorporated. ECa measurements were carried out with a Veris 3100 operating in both shallow (0–30 cm), ECs, and deep (0–90 cm), ECd,mode. Clay, coarse sand and fine sand were the soil physical properties which exhibited higher correlation with ECa (positively correlated with the finer texture component, clay, and negatively correlated with the coarser ones, coarse and fine sands), particularly with ECs. Thus, this was the secondary variable used to obtain the kriged maps. Later, principal component analysis and fuzzy cluster classification were performed to delineate management zones, resulting in two subfields to be managed separately. This number of subfields was determined using the fuzzy performance index and normalized classification entropy as the way to optimize the classification algorithm

Performance of the CMS Cathode Strip Chambers with Cosmic Rays

The Cathode Strip Chambers (CSCs) constitute the primary muon tracking device in the CMS endcaps. Their performance has been evaluated using data taken during a cosmic ray run in fall 2008. Measured noise levels are low, with the number of noisy channels well below 1%. Coordinate resolution was measured for all types of chambers, and fall in the range 47 microns to 243 microns. The efficiencies for local charged track triggers, for hit and for segments reconstruction were measured, and are above 99%. The timing resolution per layer is approximately 5 ns

Performance and Operation of the CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter

The operation and general performance of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter using cosmic-ray muons are described. These muons were recorded after the closure of the CMS detector in late 2008. The calorimeter is made of lead tungstate crystals and the overall status of the 75848 channels corresponding to the barrel and endcap detectors is reported. The stability of crucial operational parameters, such as high voltage, temperature and electronic noise, is summarised and the performance of the light monitoring system is presented

Calibration of the CMS Drift Tube Chambers and Measurement of the Drift Velocity with Cosmic Rays

Peer reviewe

CMS Data Processing Workflows during an Extended Cosmic Ray Run

Peer reviewe

Aligning the CMS Muon Chambers with the Muon Alignment System during an Extended Cosmic Ray Run

Peer reviewe