Modelling 5-km Running Performance on Level and Hilly Terrains in Recreational Runners

[EN] Incline and level running on treadmills have been extensively studied due to their different cardiorespiratory and biomechanical acute responses. However, there are no studies examining the performance determinants of outdoor running on hilly terrains. We aimed to investigate the influence of anthropometrics, muscle strength, and cardiorespiratory and gait spatiotemporal parameters during level (0%) and inclined (+7%) running on performance in level and hilly 5-km races. Twenty male recreational runners completed two 5-km outdoor running tests (0% vs. +7% and −7%), and two submaximal (10 km·h−1) and incremental treadmill tests at 0 and 7% slopes, after complete laboratory evaluations. The velocity at maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) evaluated at 7% incline and level treadmill running were the best performance predictors under both hilly (R2 = 0.72; p < 0.05 ) and level (R2 = 0.85; p < 0.01) conditions, respectively. Inclusion of ventilatory and submaximal heart rate data improved the predictive models up to 100%. Conversely, none of the parameters evaluated in one condition contributed to the other condition. The spatiotemporal parameters and the runners’ strength levels were not associated to outdoor performances. These results indicate that the vVO2max evaluated at similar slopes in the lab can be used to predict 5-km running performances on both level and hilly terrains

Modelling 5-km running performance on level and hilly terrains in recreational runners

Incline and level running on treadmills have been extensively studied due to their different cardiorespiratory and biomechanical acute responses. However, there are no studies examining the performance determinants of outdoor running on hilly terrains. We aimed to investigate the influence of anthropometrics, muscle strength, and cardiorespiratory and gait spatiotemporal parameters during level (0%) and inclined (+7%) running on performance in level and hilly 5-km races. Twenty male recreational runners completed two 5-km outdoor running tests (0% vs. +7% and −7%), and two submaximal (10 km·h −1 ) and incremental treadmill tests at 0 and 7% slopes, after complete laboratory evaluations. The velocity at maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) evaluated at 7% incline and level treadmill running were the best performance predictors under both hilly (R2 = 0.72; p < 0.05) and level (R2 = 0.85; p < 0.01) conditions, respectively. Inclusion of ventilatory and submaximal heart rate data improved the predictive models up to 100%. Conversely, none of the parameters evaluated in one condition contributed to the other condition. The spatiotemporal parameters and the runners’ strength levels were not associated to outdoor performances. These results indicate that the vVO2max evaluated at similar slopes in the lab can be used to predict 5-km running performances on both level and hilly terrains

Carvão ativado a partir de resíduos de bambu (Bambusa vulgaris) utilizando CO2 como agente ativante para adsorção de azul de metileno e fenol

Bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) waste were used as a raw material for producing activated carbon (AC). The materials were collected and turned into AC by carbonization (500 °C, 1.67 °C.min-1, 60 min) and activation (800 °C, 10 °C.min-1, 60 min) processes with CO2 (100 mL.min-1). The obtained material (CO2 AC) was characterized by its yield, elemental analysis, ash content, methylene blue and iodine indexes, surface area (SBET), Boehm titration method, scanning electron microscopy and used as adsorbent for removing the methylene blue and phenol contaminants. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms models were selected for understanding the adsorption process. CO2 AC produced showed yield of 21.6%, carbon content of 82.13% and SBET of 856.78 m2.g-1, presenting rapid removal and high adsorption capacity for methylene blue (298.82 mg.g-1) and phenol (558.29 mg.g-1).Resíduos de bambu (Bambusa vulgaris) foram utilizados como matéria-prima para a produção de carvão ativado (CA). Os materiais foram coletados e transformados em CA mediante processos de carbonização (500ºC, 1,67 ºC min-1, 60 min) e ativação (800 ºC, 10 ºC min-1, 60 min) com CO2 (100 mL min-1). O material obtido (CA CO2) foi caracterizado pelo seu rendimento, análise elementar, teor de cinzas, índices de azul de metileno e de iodo, área superficial (SBET), método titulométrico de Boehm, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e utilizado como adsorvente para remoção dos contaminantes azul de metileno e fenol. Os modelos de isotermas de Langmuir e de Freundlich foram selecionados para entender o processo de adsorção. O CA CO2 produzido apresentou rendimento de 21,6%, teor de carbono de 82,13% e SBET de 856,78 m2 g-1, apresentando uma remoção rápida e elevada capacidade de adsorção para o azul de metileno (298,82 mg g-1) e fenol (558,29 mg g-1)

Role for Maternal Asthma in Severe Human Metapneumovirus Lung Disease Susceptibility in Children

Background: Severity of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) lower respiratory illness (LRTI) is considered similar to that observed for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). However, differences in severity between these pathogens have been noted, suggesting the degree of illness may vary in different populations. Moreover, a potential association between hMPV and asthma also suggests that hMPV may preferentially affect asthmatic subjects. Methods: In a population-based surveillance study in children aged <2 years admitted for severe LRTI in Argentina, nasopharyngeal aspirates were tested by RT-PCR for hMPV, RSV, influenza A, and human rhinovirus. Results: Of 3947 children, 383 (10%) were infected with hMPV. The hospitalization rate for hMPV LRTI was 2.26 per 1000 children (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.04-2.49). Thirty-nine (10.2%) patients infected with hMPV experienced life-threatening disease (LTD; 0.23 per 1000 children; 95% CI,. 16-.31/1000), and 2 died (mortality rate 0.024 per 1000; 95% CI,. 003-.086). In hMPV-infected children birth to an asthmatic mother was an increased risk for LTD (odds ratio, 4.72; 95% CI, 1.39-16.01). We observed a specific interaction between maternal asthma and hMPV infection affecting risk for LTD. Conclusions: Maternal asthma increases the risk for LTD in children <2 years old hospitalized for severe hMPV LRTI.Fil: Libster, Romina Paula. Fundación para la Investigación en Infectología Infantil; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Esteban, Ignacio. Fundación para la Investigación en Infectología Infantil; Argentina. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Pediatría "Juan P. Garrahan"; ArgentinaFil: Bianchi, Alejandra Silvina. Fundación para la Investigación en Infectología Infantil; ArgentinaFil: Alva Grimaldi, Luciano. Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Hospital Zonal General de Agudos Doctor Lucio Melendez.; ArgentinaFil: Dueñas, Karina. Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Hospital Interzonal de Agudos Evita.; ArgentinaFil: Sancillo, Andrea. Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Hospital Interzonal de Agudos Evita.; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez, Andrea. Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Hospital Provincial Evita Pueblo.; ArgentinaFil: Ferrero, Fernando. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños Pedro Elizalde (ex Casa Cuna); ArgentinaFil: Stein, Katherine. Fundación para la Investigación en Infectología Infantil; ArgentinaFil: Acosta, Patricio Leandro. Fundación para la Investigación en Infectología Infantil; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Ferolla, Fausto Martín. Fundación para la Investigación en Infectología Infantil; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Bergel, Eduardo. Fundación para la Investigación en Infectología Infantil; ArgentinaFil: Caballero, Mauricio Tomás. Fundación para la Investigación en Infectología Infantil; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Polack, Fernando Pedro. Fundación para la Investigación en Infectología Infantil; ArgentinaFil: Pellegrino, Gustavo. Fundación para la Investigación en Infectología Infantil; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez Gago, Guadalupe. Fundación para la Investigación en Infectología Infantil; ArgentinaFil: Pozzolo, Cecilia. Fundación para la Investigación en Infectología Infantil; ArgentinaFil: Castro, Laura. Fundación para la Investigación en Infectología Infantil; ArgentinaFil: Almeida, Rodrigo Egues. Fundación para la Investigación en Infectología Infantil; ArgentinaFil: Rebec, Beatriz. Fundación para la Investigación en Infectología Infantil; ArgentinaFil: González, Mariela. Fundación para la Investigación en Infectología Infantil; ArgentinaFil: Calvo, Mariel. Fundación para la Investigación en Infectología Infantil; ArgentinaFil: Henrichsen, Julieta. Fundación para la Investigación en Infectología Infantil; ArgentinaFil: Nocito, Celina. Fundación para la Investigación en Infectología Infantil; ArgentinaFil: Barbero, Guillermo. Fundación para la Investigación en Infectología Infantil; ArgentinaFil: Ves Losada, Juan. Fundación para la Investigación en Infectología Infantil; ArgentinaFil: Bonina, Angel. Fundación para la Investigación en Infectología Infantil; ArgentinaFil: Flamenco, Edgardo. Fundación para la Investigación en Infectología Infantil; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez Perez, Alberto. Fundación para la Investigación en Infectología Infantil; ArgentinaFil: Kobylarz, Alicia. Fundación para la Investigación en Infectología Infantil; ArgentinaFil: Raggio, Mirta. Fundación para la Investigación en Infectología Infantil; ArgentinaFil: Schavlosky, Graciela. Fundación para la Investigación en Infectología Infantil; ArgentinaFil: Caria, Adriana. Fundación para la Investigación en Infectología Infantil; ArgentinaFil: Barboza, Edgar. Fundación para la Investigación en Infectología Infantil; ArgentinaFil: Sastre, Gustavo. Fundación para la Investigación en Infectología Infantil; Argentin

Patrimônio e desenvolvimento: as políticas de patrimônio cultural nos anos 1960

This article aims at analyzing aspects of 1960s Brazilian cultural heritage policies, highlighting changes related to the articulation of concepts such as development, culture and heritage within the Directory of National Historical and Artistic Heritage - DPHAN, today Institute of National Historical and Artistic Heritage (IPHAN). It discusses the effects of industrialization, urban growth and development improvement measures on heritage concepts and policies, analyzing initiatives that focus on preserving cultural assets acknowledged as national historical and artistic heritage and enhancing their economical potential. The discussion emphasizes notions and understandings on heritage and preservation that had substantial bearing on preservation measures carried on by DPHAN from the 1960s on regarding the identification, valorization and protection of cultural heritage, as well as the disciplinary and institutional debates this Directory proposed.O objetivo deste artigo é analisar especificidades dos anos 1960 no que diz respeito às políticas de patrimônio, destacando algumas mudanças de entendimentos, noções e propostas, notadamente referentes às relações entre desenvolvimento, cultura e patrimônio trabalhadas pelo Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional, então Diretoria do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (DPHAN). Para tanto, vai-se partir das discussões e debates desse momento acerca dos efeitos da industrialização, do crescimento urbano e das políticas desenvolvimentistas sobre as políticas de patrimônio a partir dessa década, analisando as iniciativas voltadas à patrimonialização de bens culturais, à preservação do acervo que compunha o patrimônio histórico e artístico nacional e ao fomento de suas potencialidades econômicas. Na discussão proposta neste artigo, priorizar-se-ão os entendimentos e ações de preservação da DPHAN relacionados a identificação, valoração e proteção dos bens culturais, assim como os diálogos disciplinares e institucionais que a diretoria procurou estabelecer

Elective cancer surgery in COVID-19-free surgical pathways during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: An international, multicenter, comparative cohort study

PURPOSE As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19–free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19–free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19–free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score–matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

Elective Cancer Surgery in COVID-19-Free Surgical Pathways During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: An International, Multicenter, Comparative Cohort Study.

PURPOSE: As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19-free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19-free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS: Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19-free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19-free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score-matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION: Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19-free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks