O "BASISMO" ACABOU? ANÃLISE SOBRE A PARTICIPAÃÃO COMUNITÃRIA NO BRASIL (1970-90)

<meta content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" http-equiv="content-type"> I) H&eacute;l&egrave;neRivi&egrave;re <span style="font-size: 9pt; font-weight: normal;"> A autora analisa a forma&ccedil;&atilde;o de uma tend&ecirc;ncia pol&iacute;tica &ldquo;basista&rdquo; vigente no Brasil e na Am&eacute;rica Latina, entendida como uma perspectiva valorativa da participa&ccedil;&atilde;o popular na implanta&ccedil;&atilde;o de programas sociais urbanos localizados, no contexto da redemocratiza&ccedil;&atilde;o do Pa&iacute;s.<span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"> Parte do retorno &agrave;s origens ideol&oacute;gicas e de grupos (cat&oacute;licos e marxistas) que influenciaram esta tend&ecirc;ncia, analisando a reprodu&ccedil;&atilde;o contempor&acirc;nea desse processo, a partir da intersec&ccedil;&atilde;o de m&uacute;ltiplas vari&aacute;veis &ndash; lutas urbanas, ades&otilde;es identit&aacute;rias, papel da Igreja e das ONGs, que articuladas, acabam por produzir diferencia&ccedil;&otilde;es e sentidos contradit&oacute;rios &agrave; participa&ccedil;&atilde;o popular, terminando mesmo por questionar o seu alcance quanto &agrave; forma&ccedil;&atilde;o de uma cidadania plena.<big style="font-family: Arial;"> <span style="font-weight: normal;"> PALAVRAS-CHAVE: &nbsp;Basismo, participa&ccedil;&atilde;o popular, poder local, Igreja, ONGs.<br style="font-family: Arial;"> <span style="font-weight: normal;"> <br style="font-family: Arial;"> <span style="font-weight: normal;"> <br style="font-family: Arial;"> <span style="font-size: 8pt; text-transform: uppercase;" lang="EN-US">Is the &ldquo;grassroots policy&rdquo; over? Analysis of the community participation in Brazil (1970-90)<b style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;" lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> <i style="font-weight: normal; font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;" lang="EN-US">H&eacute;l&egrave;ne Rivi&egrave;re d'Arc<span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: Arial;"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"> The author analyses the formation of a grassroots political trend in force in Brazil and in Latin America, understood as a perspective of value of the popular participation in the implantation of social urban programs, focusing on the concept of the country re-democratization. The starting point is the return to the ideological origins and to the catholic and Marxist groups that influenced this trend, analyzing the contemporary reproduction of this process, from the intersection of multiple variables &ndash; urban struggles, identity participation, the role of the Church and NGOs. Once articulated, they tend to produce differences and contradictory meanings regarding popular participation, thus questioning its scope in terms of forming a total citizenship.<br style="font-family: Arial;"> KEY WORDS: Grassroots policy, popular participation, local power, church, NGOs. <span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"> Publica&ccedil;&atilde;o Online do Caderno CRH: <a href="http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br/">http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br </html

Molecular strategies to enhance the genetic resistance of grapevines to powdery mildew

International audienceThe Eurasian winegrape Vitis vinifera has little or no genetic resistance to the major fungal pathogens, powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) and downy mildew (Plasmopora viticola). These pathogens were first introduced into French vineyards from North America in the 1800s before spreading to all major grape producing regions of the world. As a result, grape production is highly dependent on the use of fungicides. With the increasing financial and environmental costs of chemical application and the emergence of fungicide-resistant strains, the introduction of natural genetic resistance against these fungal pathogens is a high priority for viticultural industries worldwide. We are utilising a number of different molecular approaches to increase our understanding of the basis of resistance to these important major fungal pathogens and to identify potential new sources of genetic resistance. This review will outline the progress and the potential of each of these different molecular strategies to the generation of fungal-resistant grapevine germplasm