321 research outputs found
Cherbourg, ville-arsenal en crise
Qui veut rendre compte de lâindustrie française dâarmement â des caractĂ©ristiques de son fonctionnement, des causes et consĂ©quences des importantes restructurations en cours â ne peut se limiter Ă des considĂ©rations dâordre gĂ©opolitique, Ă©conomique ou technologique, ni se focaliser sur lâĂ©chelle nationale ou internationale. Ă partir du cas concret de la « ville-arsenal » de Cherbourg, de sa naissance Ă ses dĂ©boires actuels, ce texte vise Ă dĂ©gager quelques lignes de force en inscrivant la rĂ©flexion dans une histoire et une gĂ©ographie sociales de la construction navale militaire⊠et donc de lâĂtat français. Quelques pistes factuelles et mĂ©thodologiques sont ainsi lancĂ©es pour mettre en question la « fatalité » des dynamiques socio-spatiales passĂ©es et Ă venir. Que penser en effet de la « nĂ©cessité » des dĂ©cisions prises par les dirigeants ? Que penser de celles quâils ne prennent pas ? Quelle probabilitĂ© pour les Cherbourgeois de construire un dĂ©veloppement Ă©conomique alternatif et endogĂšne ?No study on French arms industry â on the characteristics of its working, on the causes and consequences of its serious current restructuring â should neither be limited to geopolitical, economical or technological considerations, nor focus on international or national scales. Through the concrete case of the âville-arsenalâ of Cherbourg, from its birth to its present difficulties, this paper tries to point up some of the main features which are included in the frame of a social history and geography of military shipbuilding⊠and then of the French state. Some historical facts and methodological tools are proposed to question the âfatalityâ of the past and future socio-spatial dynamics. What should we think about the ânecessityâ of the governmentâs decisions? And what about the decisions which are not taken? What is the probability to see the inhabitants of Cherbourg build an alternative and endogenous economical development
Explorer la dimension spatiale de lâaction collective
Fabrice Ripoll, maĂźtre de confĂ©rences Ă lâUniversitĂ© Paris-Est CrĂ©teil Val-de-Marne Lâobjectif gĂ©nĂ©ral de cette premiĂšre annĂ©e consistait Ă dĂ©gager et articuler diffĂ©rentes facettes de la dimension spatiale de lâaction collective et des mouvements sociaux. Une sĂ©ance introductive a permis de faire un rapide Ă©tat des lieux transdisciplinaire pointant un champ de questionnement qui semble trĂšs prometteur mais qui nâa Ă©tĂ© mis en Ćuvre que de façon trĂšs partielle ou fragmentĂ©e jusquâĂ prĂ©sent, et..
Stéphanie Dechézelles, Maurice Olive (dir.), 2019, Politisation du proche. Les lieux familiers comme espaces de mobilisation, Presses Universitaires de Rennes, coll. « Res Publica », Rennes, 270 p.
Ce livre collectif nâest rien moins que le troisiĂšme et sans doute le plus important opus issu dâune dynamique initiĂ©e en 2014 par StĂ©phanie DechĂ©zelles et Maurice Olive. Celle-ci a commencĂ© avec le lancement dâun colloque pluridisciplinaire intitulĂ© « Conflits de lieux, Lieux de conflits. Lâespace des mobilisations territoriales » qui sâest tenu en janvier 2015. Deux premiĂšres publications collectives sont ensuite parues dans des revues acadĂ©miques : dâabord un dossier de la revue Norois qui..
Sâapproprier lâespace⊠ou contester son appropriation ?
La gĂ©ographie (mĂȘme sociale) a nĂ©gligĂ© la question des mouvements sociaux, et les sciences sociales qui les Ă©tudient ont eu tendance Ă nĂ©gliger leur dimension spatiale. Lâune des façons de commencer Ă combler cette lacune est de chercher Ă dĂ©terminer la place de lâappropriation de lâespace dans les mouvements contemporains, en particulier les mouvements dits « altermondialistes ». Quelle est la place de lâappropriation de lâespace dans les enjeux et revendications explicites de ces mouvements ? Le survol de lâhistoire rĂ©cente montre que lâappropriation privĂ©e de lâespace matĂ©riel (comme moyen de production et de subsistance) reste au cĆur du capitalisme et de sa contestation â contestation dans laquelle les mouvements de paysans ou de « sans-logis » tiennent une place importante et emblĂ©matique. Par ailleurs, lâanalyse des rĂ©pertoires dâactions collectives mises en Ćuvre par les mouvements contemporains montre que lâappropriation de lâespace, dans ses diffĂ©rentes acceptions matĂ©rielles et symboliques, nâest pas seulement un enjeu mais aussi une stratĂ©gie et une ressource de lâaction.Geography (even social) has neglected the issue of social movements; social sciences that study them have tended to neglect their spatial dimension. One way of starting to fill this gap is to seek to determine the significance of the appropriation of space in contemporary movements, particularly the movements known as âaltermondialistsâ. How central is the appropriation of space in the stakes and explicit claims of these movements? A review of recent history shows that private appropriation of physical space (as means of production and subsistence) remains the very heart of Capitalism and the core of the dispute surrounding it (in which the peasant or homeless movements play a significant and emblematic role). Additionally, analyzing the repertoire of collective action implemented by the contemporary movements shows that the appropriation of space, in its various physical and symbolic meanings, not only is a stake but also a strategy and a resource for action
Introduction
Lâappropriation de lâespace : une problĂ©matique Ă reprendre et dĂ©velopper Au-delĂ des terrains empiriques ou des thĂšses dĂ©fendues dans les diffĂ©rents travaux prĂ©sentĂ©s ici, ce numĂ©ro thĂ©matique a dâabord pour objectif de dĂ©fendre cette idĂ©e simple que la question de « lâappropriation de lâespace » est incontournable en gĂ©ographie, a fortiori en gĂ©ographie sociale. Autrement dit, « lâappropriation de lâespace » non seulement peut mais doit nĂ©cessairement se trouver sur le chemin de tout gĂ©ogra..
GĂ©ographie(s) des mobilisations
Lorsque lâappel Ă contribution pour ce dossier fut lancĂ© il y a environ an et demi, nous avions deux grands objectifs en tĂȘte. Il sâagissait, dâune part, de rendre visible lâexistence, encore dispersĂ©e dans le monde francophone, dâune gĂ©ographie des mouvements sociaux et plus largement de lâaction collective sous toutes ses formes, et dâautre part, dâouvrir des discussions sur les approches, objets, modes dâanalyses, concepts, mĂ©thodes, etc., qui sont ou pourraient ĂȘtre adoptĂ©s. Si cette mise..
Parcours atypique dâune chercheure engagĂ©e : Ă la croisĂ©e des mouvements sociaux et de la gĂ©ographie sociale
En novembre 2018, nous avons rencontrĂ© Anne Latendresse, professeure de gĂ©ographie sociale et urbaine Ă lâUniversitĂ© du QuĂ©bec Ă MontrĂ©al (UQAM), afin dâĂ©changer sur son parcours et ses travaux. Il se trouve en effet quâelle fait partie des rares gĂ©ographes Ă avoir travaillĂ© dĂšs les annĂ©es 1990 sur la dimension spatiale des mouvements sociaux, et plus encore Ă lâavoir fait dans le cadre dâune thĂšse de doctorat, intitulĂ©e : Processus de dĂ©structuration-restructuration et dynamique palestinienn..
Trisomy for Synaptojanin1 in Down syndrome is functionally linked to the enlargement of early endosomes
Enlarged early endosomes have been observed in neurons and fibroblasts in Down syndrome (DS). These endosome abnormalities have been implicated in the early development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology in these subjects. Here, we show the presence of enlarged endosomes in blood mononuclear cells and lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) from individuals with DS using immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. Genotype-phenotype correlations in LCLs carrying partial trisomies 21 revealed that triplication of a 2.56 Mb locus in 21q22.11 is associated with the endosomal abnormalities. This locus contains the gene encoding the phosphoinositide phosphatase synaptojanin 1 (SYNJ1), a key regulator of the signalling phospholipid phosphatidylinositol-4,5-biphosphate that has been shown to regulate clathrin-mediated endocytosis. We found that SYNJ1 transcripts are increased in LCLs from individuals with DS and that overexpression of SYNJ1 in a neuroblastoma cell line as well as in transgenic mice leads to enlarged endosomes. Moreover, the proportion of enlarged endosomes in fibroblasts from an individual with DS was reduced after silencing SYNJ1 expression with RNA interference. In LCLs carrying amyloid precursor protein (APP) microduplications causing autosomal dominant early-onset AD, enlarged endosomes were absent, suggesting that APP overexpression alone is not involved in the modification of early endosomes in this cell type. These findings provide new insights into the contribution of SYNJ1 overexpression to the endosomal changes observed in DS and suggest an attractive new target for rescuing endocytic dysfunction and lipid metabolism in DS and in A
The Genome Sequence of the Grape Phylloxera Provides Insights into the Evolution, Adaptation, and Invasion Routes of an Iconic Pest
Background: Although native to North America, the invasion of the aphid-like grape phylloxera Daktulosphaira vitifoliae across the globe altered the course of grape cultivation. For the past 150âyears, viticulture relied on grafting-resistant North American Vitis species as rootstocks, thereby limiting genetic stocks tolerant to other stressors such as pathogens and climate change. Limited understanding of the insect genetics resulted in successive outbreaks across the globe when rootstocks failed. Here we report the 294-Mb genome of D. vitifoliae as a basic tool to understand host plant manipulation, nutritional endosymbiosis, and enhance global viticulture. Results: Using a combination of genome, RNA, and population resequencing, we found grape phylloxera showed high duplication rates since its common ancestor with aphids, but similarity in most metabolic genes, despite lacking obligate nutritional symbioses and feeding from parenchyma. Similarly, no enrichment occurred in development genes in relation to viviparity. However, phylloxera evolved >â2700 unique genes that resemble putative effectors and are active during feeding. Population sequencing revealed the global invasion began from the upper Mississippi River in North America, spread to Europe and from there to the rest of the world. Conclusions: The grape phylloxera genome reveals genetic architecture relative to the evolution of nutritional endosymbiosis, viviparity, and herbivory. The extraordinary expansion in effector genes also suggests novel adaptations to plant feeding and how insects induce complex plant phenotypes, for instance galls. Finally, our understanding of the origin of this invasive species and its genome provide genetics resources to alleviate rootstock bottlenecks restricting the advancement of viticulture
MUSiC : a model-unspecific search for new physics in proton-proton collisions at root s=13TeV
Results of the Model Unspecific Search in CMS (MUSiC), using proton-proton collision data recorded at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1), are presented. The MUSiC analysis searches for anomalies that could be signatures of physics beyond the standard model. The analysis is based on the comparison of observed data with the standard model prediction, as determined from simulation, in several hundred final states and multiple kinematic distributions. Events containing at least one electron or muon are classified based on their final state topology, and an automated search algorithm surveys the observed data for deviations from the prediction. The sensitivity of the search is validated using multiple methods. No significant deviations from the predictions have been observed. For a wide range of final state topologies, agreement is found between the data and the standard model simulation. This analysis complements dedicated search analyses by significantly expanding the range of final states covered using a model independent approach with the largest data set to date to probe phase space regions beyond the reach of previous general searches.Peer reviewe
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