Nitrogen removal from swine wastewater by combining treated effluent with raw manure

Effluents from swine raising can be harmful to the environment if not correctly managed. Nitrogen (N) is usually the main element present at high concentrations in the effluent. Since the use as biofertilizer is not always a feasible alternative, the treatment of swine wastewater is necessary. Variations in N species and water solubility make the treatment difficult and expensive. Additional N removal at low cost via denitrification may be possible by recirculating nitrified effluent in the barns. In this study, raw manure (RM) was homogenized with treated effluent (TE) at RM/(RM + TE) ratios of 1.0, 0.9, 0.8, 0.7, 0.6, 0.5 and 0 in order to simulate the effect of reused water on swine wastewater nitrogen removal. Samples were collected daily during four days and analyzed for pH, oxidation-reduction potential, NH4-N, NO2-N, NO3-N and chemical oxidation demand. The oxidized nitrogen (NOx-N) half-life degradation was estimated using linear regression. NOx-N species half-life less than one day was obtained when treated effluent was combined and thoroughly homogenized with raw manure. It is suggested that combining raw manure with treated effluent (e.g. water reuse) can be a simple and cost-effective strategy to remove nitrogen from swine wastewaters

Avaliação do efeito de drogas veterinárias na produção específica de biogás de substratos agropecuários

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Química, Florianópolis, 2016.A digestão anaeróbia dos dejetos de animais permite a mitigação dos impactos ambientais e possibilita a geração concomitante de metano, que pode ser impulsionada pela digestão conjunta com substratos agrí-colas. Porém, pouco se sabe sobre a ação das drogas veterinárias pre-sentes nos dejetos sob a degradação de substratos de fonte celulósica. Portanto, ainda existe desafio para avaliação do potencial de produção de biogás (ou metano) destes substratos, uma vez que as metodologias padronizadas para ensaios de digestão anaeróbia preconizam o uso de inóculos anaeróbios adaptados aos substratos agropecuários e às condi-ções mesofílicas. Em função destes fatores o trabalho propõe: i) estabe-lecer metodologia, em escala laboratorial, para enriquecimento de inó-culo anaeróbio mesofílico para atender aos requisitos da norma VDI 4630; ii) investigar a influência de drogas veterinárias na produção de biogás de substratos agropecuários. Para isso foi avaliado método para aclimatação de mistura de três fontes de inoculantes, mantidos em con-dição mesofílica em reator de 40 litros, por meio de ciclos de alimenta-ção e reinoculação. O inóculo enriquecido demonstrou-se eficaz na digestão de substratos de referência (celulose, gelatina, cama de aviário e lodo), com recuperação de biogás a 99%. Também foram efetuados ensaios para avaliar a inibição na produção de biogás, conforme reco-mendações da Organização Internacional para Padronização (ISO). A inibição da produção de biogás pelas tetraciclinas foi significativa (CI10 em 3 dias entre 5,1 e 68 mg/L) em comparação com as concentrações encontradas em dejetos de suínos (podendo chegar até 764,4 mg/L). O efeito inibitório agudo na digestão da celulose seguiu a seguinte ordem: doxiciclina ~ metaciclina > tetraciclina ~ clortetraciclina > oxitetracicli-na. A digestão anaeróbia reduziu o teor de tetraciclinas entre 46,04 e 98,75%. Já a inibição pelos compostos tiamulina, tilosina, lincomicina e gentamicina foi menos significativa e pode ser considerada imperceptí-vel nas concentrações estimadas em dejeto de suínos. Porém, o acúmulo de ácidos orgânicos de cadeia curta (acético > 57 mg/L; propiônico > 111 mg/L; iso-butírico > 10 mg/L; iso-valérico > 116 mg/L) em altas concentrações de antibióticos indicam que estes compostos podem favo-recer outros processos inibitórios paralelos na digestão anaeróbia.Abstract : The anaerobic digestion of animal manure allows mitigating the envi-ronmental impacts and enables concomitant generation of methane which can be improved by co-digestion of agricultural substrates. How-ever, little is known about the action of veterinary drugs present in ma-nure in the degradation of cellulose source substrates. Therefore, there is still challenging to assess the biogas potential (or methane) of these substrates, since the standardized methodologies for anaerobic digestion assays suggest the use of anaerobic inoculum acclimated to agricultural substrates and mesophilic conditions. Because of these factors this work proposes: i) establish a methodology, in laboratory scale, for enrichment of mesophilic anaerobic inoculum to attend of VDI 4630 guidelines; ii) investigate the influence of veterinarian drugs in biogas production of agricultural substrates. To this was evaluated a method for acclimation of 3 inoculants sources mixture maintained in mesophilic condition in a 40-L reactor, through feeding and re-inoculation cycles. The enriched inoculum shown effectiveness on digestion of reference substrates (cel-lulose, gelatin, poultry litter and sludge) with 99% of biogas yield. It was also carried out tests to evaluate the inhibition on biogas produc-tion, as recommended by the International Standardization Organization (ISO). Inhibition of biogas by tetracycline compounds was significant (IC10 after 3 days between 5.1 and 68 mg/L) in comparison with the concentrations found in pig manure (up to 764.4 mg/L). The acute in-hibitory effect on cellulose digestion followed the following order: doxycycline ~ methacycline > tetracycline ~ chlortetracycline> oxytet-racycline. Anaerobic digestion reduced the tetracycline compounds content between 46.04 and 98.75%. Inhibition by compounds tiamulin, tylosin, gentamicin and lincomycin was less significant and could be imperceptible on the estimated concentrations occurrence in swine ma-nure. However, the accumulation of short chain organic acids (acetic > 57 mg/L; propionic > 111 mg/L; iso-butiric > 10 mg/L; iso-valeric > 116 mg/L) at high concentrations of antibiotics could indicate that these compounds may favor other parallel inhibitory effect in anaerobic di-gestion

In vitro assay for antimicrobial interaction evaluation and risk assessment of antimicrobials in anaerobic digestion of swine manure

The energy demand increase and recent new regulation for biomethane in Brazil have aroused new interests and perspectives for biogas from livestock wastes, especially swine manure. Brazil is the largest producer of animal protein and has perspective to keep growing in the next years, but to achieve this goal good practices of livestock waste management are required. The anaerobic digestion has become a common practice to treat the manure and also reduce production costs through energy recovery (Cherubini et al. 2015)

Visor de mapas para la infraestructura de datos espaciales de la provincia de Buenos Aires (IDEBA)

En la provincia de Buenos Aires existen multiplicidad de actores que producen datos geográficos, pero los mismos son generados de manera disgregada, de acuerdo a sus necesidades coyunturales. En la actualidad existen múltiples tecnologías de software libre para gestionar la publicación e integración de información geoespacial, pero la mayoría de los productores no cuentan con la infraestructura o el personal especializado para la generación, publicación y visualización de datos georreferenciados. De esta manera, para unificar y articular los datos geoespaciales dispersos y aprovechar los recursos disponibles, atento al rol que detenta en Infraestructura de Datos Espaciales de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (IDEBA), la Dirección Provincial de Sistemas de Información y Tecnologías (DPSIT) presenta un servicio de visor de mapas desarrolla-do íntegramente con recursos del organismo, basado en software libre, de fácil acceso, configuración e implementación para integrar los datos y servicios geo- SIE, Simposio de informática en el Estado 50JAIIO - espaciales a través de servicios bajo estándares del Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC1).Sociedad Argentina de Informática e Investigación Operativ

The Eighth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Data from SDSS-III

The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) started a new phase in August 2008, with new instrumentation and new surveys focused on Galactic structure and chemical evolution, measurements of the baryon oscillation feature in the clustering of galaxies and the quasar Ly alpha forest, and a radial velocity search for planets around ~8000 stars. This paper describes the first data release of SDSS-III (and the eighth counting from the beginning of the SDSS). The release includes five-band imaging of roughly 5200 deg^2 in the Southern Galactic Cap, bringing the total footprint of the SDSS imaging to 14,555 deg^2, or over a third of the Celestial Sphere. All the imaging data have been reprocessed with an improved sky-subtraction algorithm and a final, self-consistent photometric recalibration and flat-field determination. This release also includes all data from the second phase of the Sloan Extension for Galactic Understanding and Evolution (SEGUE-2), consisting of spectroscopy of approximately 118,000 stars at both high and low Galactic latitudes. All the more than half a million stellar spectra obtained with the SDSS spectrograph have been reprocessed through an improved stellar parameters pipeline, which has better determination of metallicity for high metallicity stars.Comment: Astrophysical Journal Supplements, in press (minor updates from submitted version

The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in operation since July 2014. This paper describes the second data release from this phase, and the fourteenth from SDSS overall (making this, Data Release Fourteen or DR14). This release makes public data taken by SDSS-IV in its first two years of operation (July 2014-2016). Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14 is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14 is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS); the first data from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2), including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data driven machine learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of the publicly available data from SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS website (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release, and provides links to data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020, and will be followed by SDSS-V.Comment: SDSS-IV collaboration alphabetical author data release paper. DR14 happened on 31st July 2017. 19 pages, 5 figures. Accepted by ApJS on 28th Nov 2017 (this is the "post-print" and "post-proofs" version; minor corrections only from v1, and most of errors found in proofs corrected

The Ninth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey

The Sloan Digital Sky Survey III (SDSS-III) presents the first spectroscopic data from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS). This ninth data release (DR9) of the SDSS project includes 535,995 new galaxy spectra (median z=0.52), 102,100 new quasar spectra (median z=2.32), and 90,897 new stellar spectra, along with the data presented in previous data releases. These spectra were obtained with the new BOSS spectrograph and were taken between 2009 December and 2011 July. In addition, the stellar parameters pipeline, which determines radial velocities, surface temperatures, surface gravities, and metallicities of stars, has been updated and refined with improvements in temperature estimates for stars with T_eff<5000 K and in metallicity estimates for stars with [Fe/H]>-0.5. DR9 includes new stellar parameters for all stars presented in DR8, including stars from SDSS-I and II, as well as those observed as part of the SDSS-III Sloan Extension for Galactic Understanding and Exploration-2 (SEGUE-2). The astrometry error introduced in the DR8 imaging catalogs has been corrected in the DR9 data products. The next data release for SDSS-III will be in Summer 2013, which will present the first data from the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) along with another year of data from BOSS, followed by the final SDSS-III data release in December 2014.Comment: 9 figures; 2 tables. Submitted to ApJS. DR9 is available at http://www.sdss3.org/dr