MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL : A data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in P ortugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with 26% of all species being includedin the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associatedwith habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mam-mals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion formarine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems func-tionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is cru-cial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS INPORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublishedgeoreferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mam-mals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira thatincludes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occur-ring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live obser-vations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%),bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent lessthan 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrowsjsoil moundsjtunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animaljhairjskullsjjaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8),observation in shelters, (9) photo trappingjvideo, (10) predators dietjpelletsjpine cones/nuts, (11) scatjtrackjditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalizationjecholocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and100 m (76%). Rodentia (n=31,573) has the highest number of records followedby Chiroptera (n=18,857), Carnivora (n=18,594), Lagomorpha (n=17,496),Cetartiodactyla (n=11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n=7008). The data setincludes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened(e.g.,Oryctolagus cuniculus[n=12,159],Monachus monachus[n=1,512],andLynx pardinus[n=197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate thepublication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contrib-ute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting onthe development of more accurate and tailored conservation managementstrategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite thisdata paper when the data are used in publications.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Mammals in Portugal: a data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in Portugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with ~26% of all species being included in the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associated with habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mammals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion for marine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems functionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is crucial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublished georeferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mammals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira that includes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occurring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live observations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%), bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent less than 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrows | soil mounds | tunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animal | hair | skulls | jaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8), observation in shelters, (9) photo trapping | video, (10) predators diet | pellets | pine cones/nuts, (11) scat | track | ditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalization | echolocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and 100 m (76%). Rodentia (n =31,573) has the highest number of records followed by Chiroptera (n = 18,857), Carnivora (n = 18,594), Lagomorpha (n = 17,496), Cetartiodactyla (n = 11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n = 7008). The data set includes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened (e.g., Oryctolagus cuniculus [n = 12,159], Monachus monachus [n = 1,512], and Lynx pardinus [n = 197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate the publication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contribute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting on the development of more accurate and tailored conservation management strategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications

Educomunicação e suas áreas de intervenção: Novos paradigmas para o diálogo intercultural

oai:omp.abpeducom.org.br:publicationFormat/1O material aqui divulgado representa, em essência, a contribuição do VII Encontro Brasileiro de Educomunicação ao V Global MIL Week, da UNESCO, ocorrido na ECA/USP, entre 3 e 5 de novembro de 2016. Estamos diante de um conjunto de 104 papers executivos, com uma média de entre 7 e 10 páginas, cada um. Com este rico e abundante material, chegamos ao sétimo e-book publicado pela ABPEducom, em seus seis primeiros anos de existência. A especificidade desta obra é a de trazer as “Áreas de Intervenção” do campo da Educomunicação, colocando-as a serviço de uma meta essencial ao agir educomunicativo: o diálogo intercultural, trabalhado na linha do tema geral do evento internacional: Media and Information Literacy: New Paradigms for Intercultural Dialogue

The power of smiling: the adult brain networks underlying learned infant emotionality

The perception of infant emotionality, one aspect of temperament, starts to form in infancy, yet the underlying mechanisms of how infant emotionality affects adult neural dynamics remain unclear. We used a social reward task with probabilistic visual and auditory feedback (infant laughter or crying) to train 47 nulliparous women to perceive the emotional style of six different infants. Using functional neuroimaging, we subsequently measured brain activity while participants were tested on the learned emotionality of the six infants. We characterized the elicited patterns of dynamic functional brain connectivity using Leading Eigenvector Dynamics Analysis and found significant activity in a brain network linking the orbitofrontal cortex with the amygdala and hippocampus, where the probability of occurrence significantly correlated with the valence of the learned infant emotional disposition. In other words, seeing infants with neutral face expressions after having interacted and learned their various degrees of positive and negative emotional dispositions proportionally increased the activity in a brain network previously shown to be involved in pleasure, emotion, and memory. These findings provide novel neuroimaging insights into how the perception of happy versus sad infant emotionality shapes adult brain networks

Avaliação do teor de fibra em detergente neutro e ácido por meio de diferentes procedimentos aplicados às plantas forrageiras

This study aimed to evaluate the content of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid (FDA) of Marandu, Humidicula; Massai; Mombaça grass obtained by three different procedures with the conventional method (CON), the Filter Bag Technique Ankom® (FBT) and adapted by EMBRAPA (EMB). The forage plants were obtained in the Southwest region of Mato Grosso in the September; the samples were collected from pastures planted the three years. There were three batteries (runs) for each procedure (method) for the determination of NDF and ADF of different forages. There were realised three batteries (runs) for each procedure (method) for the determination of NDF and ADF of different forages. We used a completely randomized design with three replications for each methodology. Statistical analysis of the variables studied was performed by analysis of variance and the differences obtained were analyzed by Tukey test, considering 5% significance level. It was observed that the different procedures (CON, FBT and EMB) to determine the content NDF did not differ between them for different forages plants, with average values of 78.61% and 74.96% for the Marandu and Humidicula grass, respectively and 76.78% and 73.08% for Massai and Mombaça grass, respectively. The ADF content obtained by different procedures (CON, FBT and EMB) showed no difference between them, with average values of 50.95% and 44.86% for Marandu and Humidicula grass, respectively and 52.21% and 51.56% for Massai and Mombaça grass, respectively. Thus, it is concluded that the content of neutral detergent fiber and acid Marandu, Humidicula; Massai and Mombaça grass can be determined by the procedure adapted by EMBRAPA, since this was not different compared to conventional methodology and the Filter Bag Technique Ankom®, besides having a lower waste of reagents and consequently lower cost.Objetivou-se avaliar o teor de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e ácido (FDA) dos capins Marandu, Humidicola; Massai e Mombaça obtidos por três procedimentos diferentes, sendo o método convencional (CON), o Filter Bag Technique da Ankom® (FBT) e o adaptado pela EMBRAPA (EMB). As plantas forrageiras foram obtidas de pastagens implantadas a três anos, no período de setembro na região Sudoeste do Mato Grosso. Foram realizadas três baterias (corridas) de cada procedimento (metodologia) para a determinação da FDN e da FDA das diferentes forrageiras. Utilizou-se um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com três repetições de cada forrageira para cada metodologia nas diferentes baterias. A análise estatística das variáveis estudadas foi interpretada por meio de análise de variância e as diferenças obtidas foram analisadas por meio de teste de Tukey, considerando 5% de significância. Foi observado que os diferentes procedimentos (CON, FBT e EMB) de determinação do teor FDN não diferiram entre si para as diferentes plantas forrageiras avaliadas, com valores médios de 78,61% e 74,96% para os Capins Marandu e Humidicola, respectivamente e de 76,78% e 73,08% para os Capins Massai e Mombaça, respectivamente. O teor de FDA obtido pelos diferentes procedimentos (CON, FBT e EMB) não apresentaram diferença entre si, com valores médios de 50,95% e 44,86% para os capins Marandu e Humidicola, respectivamente e de 52,21% e 51,56% para os cultivares do gênero Panicum, respectivamente Massai e Mombaça. Assim, conclui-se que os teores de fibra em detergente neutro e ácido dos capins Marandu, Humidicola; Massai e Mombaça podem ser determinados pelo procedimento adaptado pela EMBRAPA, uma vez que este não diferiu em relação a metodologia convencional e a do Filter Bag Technique da Ankom®, além de apresentar menor gasto de reagentes e consequentemente menor custo.

Prevalence of respiratory symptoms in areas of the Federal District, Brazil

Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Programa de Treinamento em Epidemiologia Aplicada aos Serviços do SUS. Brasília, DF, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Programa de Treinamento em Epidemiologia Aplicada aos Serviços do SUS. Brasília, DF, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Programa de Treinamento em Epidemiologia Aplicada aos Serviços do SUS. Brasília, DF, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Programa de Treinamento em Epidemiologia Aplicada aos Serviços do SUS. Brasília, DF, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Programa de Treinamento em Epidemiologia Aplicada aos Serviços do SUS. Brasília, DF, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Programa de Treinamento em Epidemiologia Aplicada aos Serviços do SUS. Brasília, DF, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Programa de Treinamento em Epidemiologia Aplicada aos Serviços do SUS. Brasília, DF, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Programa de Treinamento em Epidemiologia Aplicada aos Serviços do SUS. Brasília, DF, Brasill.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Programa de Treinamento em Epidemiologia Aplicada aos Serviços do SUS. Brasília, DF, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Programa de Treinamento em Epidemiologia Aplicada aos Serviços do SUS. Brasília, DF, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Programa de Treinamento em Epidemiologia Aplicada aos Serviços do SUS. Brasília, DF, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Programa de Treinamento em Epidemiologia Aplicada aos Serviços do SUS. Brasília, DF, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Programa de Treinamento em Epidemiologia Aplicada aos Serviços do SUS. Brasília, DF, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Programa de Treinamento em Epidemiologia Aplicada aos Serviços do SUS. Brasília, DF, Brasil.Secretaria de Estado de São Paulo. Coordenadoria de Controle de Doenças. Centro de Vigilância Epidemiológica. Programa de Treinamento em Epidemiologia Aplicada aos Serviços do SUS. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.Secretaria de Estado de São Paulo. Coordenadoria de Controle de Doenças. Centro de Vigilância Epidemiológica. Programa de Treinamento em Epidemiologia Aplicada aos Serviços do SUS. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.Secretaria de Estado de São Paulo. Coordenadoria de Controle de Doenças. Centro de Vigilância Epidemiológica. Programa de Treinamento em Epidemiologia Aplicada aos Serviços do SUS. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.Secretaria de Estado de São Paulo. Coordenadoria de Controle de Doenças. Centro de Vigilância Epidemiológica. Programa de Treinamento em Epidemiologia Aplicada aos Serviços do SUS. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Programa de Treinamento em Epidemiologia Aplicada aos Serviços do SUS. Brasília, DF, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Programa de Treinamento em Epidemiologia Aplicada aos Serviços do SUS. Brasília, DF, Brasil.A captação de sintomáticos respiratórios (SR) é importante para a detecção precoce de tuberculose. O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a prevalência de SR em três regiões administrativas (RA) do Distrito Federal, Brasil. Para tanto, foi utilizada a técnica de amostragem por conglomerados (30 por 7) proposta pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. Foram definidos como SR os indivíduos com 15 anos ou mais residentes nas RAs Estrutural, Itapoã ou Varjão e que apresentassem tosse há pelo menos 3 semanas na data da entrevista. A prevalência de SR em Estrutural e Varjão foi de 5,7 por cento (IC95 por cento: 2,4 a 9,0), e em Itapoã, de 4,8 por cento (IC95 por cento: 1,6 a 7,9), com efeito de desenho próximo de 1,0. Em Estrutural e Itapoã, menos anos de estudo, e em Itapoã eVarjão, menor renda, estiveram associados com ser SR. O tabagismo esteve associado com a presença de sintomas respiratórios em todas as RAs. A prevalência de SR está de acordo com aquela encontrada em outras áreas com perfil socioeconômico semelhante ao das áreas estudadas.The identification of individuals with respiratory symptoms (RS) is important for the early detection of tuberculosis. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of RS in three administrative regions of the Federal District, Brazil. For this, we used the 30 by 7 cluster sampling technique proposed by the World Health Organization. Individuals with RS were defined as those aged 15 years or older living in theadministrative regions of Estrutural, Itapoã, or Varjão and reporting a cough lasting at least 3 weeks at the date of the interview. The prevalence of RS was 5.7 per cent in Estrutural and Varjão (95 per cent CI: 2.4 9.0) and 4.8 per cent in Itapoã (95 per centCI: 1.6 7.9), with a design effect close to 1.0. In Estrutural and Itapoã, fewer years of schooling, and in Itapoã and Varjão, lower income, were associated with RS. Cigarette smoking was associated with the presence of RS in all regions. The prevalence of RS in the three administrative regions investigated is consistent with that of other areas with a similar socioeconomic profile

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data