Morpholigical study of honey bees on the Canary Islands (Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Palma, Gomera)

A morphological study was made of worker bees from 49 hives located at four island from the Canary archipelago. The study analysed 18 morphological characters and we have found that the bees from Gran Canaria and Tenerife belong to the same groupe, the animals from Gomera constitute a group near the afore mentioned, and the bees from La Palma form an independent group. Also, we have compared the data with data to come from hives placed in the south of the Iberian peninsula and in the north of Africa. We have found that the bees from Africa form an independent group, and the bees from the Iberian peninsula are included in the La Palma group.Se ha llevado a cabo un estudio morfológico de las abejas obreras procedentes de 49 colmenas situadas en cuatro islas del Archipiélago Canario. Se han analizado 18 características morfológicas, encontrando que las abejas procedentes de Gran Canaria y Tenerife pertenecen al mismo grupo; los animales de Gomera constituyen un grupo cercano al anterior y las abejas de La Palma forman un grupo independiente. También hemos comparado los datos obtenidos, con los procedentes de colmenas situadas en el sur de la península Ibérica y en el norte de África. Encontramos que las abejas del norte de África constituyen un grupo independiente y que los animales del sur de la península se incluyen en el grupo de las abejas de La Palma

Las bentonitas de la zona sur de Cabo de Gata (Almería). Geoquímica y Mineralogía

[ES] Se han estudiado las caracteristicas quimicas y mineralógicas de las bentonitas y esmectitas de esta region, asi como sus principales parametros cristalogdficos y fórmulas estructurales de las esmectitas.[EN] The chemical and mineralogical characteristics of bentonites and smectites of this region, as well as their main crystallographic parameters and structural formulae were studied. The bentonites are constituted by smectite (unique mineral present in the fine fraction), jarosite, zeolite and trydimite, as neoformed minerals, and by plagioclase, K feldspar, amphibole and mica as minerals inherited from parent materials. The values for crystallographic parameters of smectites and the variation range for structural cations are in accordance with those found by other authors for dioctahedral smectites.Peer reviewe

La diversificación curricular. Posibilidades para una planificación alternativa

One of the most decisive facts in the educational development of our country in the last few years, developed by LOGSE, has undoubtedly been the extension of basic education to ten years for all children. This has allowed that all students can obtain their Secondary Educational Certificate, although in certain instances after the necessary cunicular measures. With this aim, LOGSE establishes curricular diversification for certain students older than 16, so that they can get the secondary stage objectives and its co!Tesponding certificate by means of different contents, a different methodology and different subjects. Our intention in this article is to analyse certain conditions for the general development of diversification syllabuses, taking into account the difficulties of the educational centres and the teachers' prospect facing the educational mnovation processes. In this sense, we have a look into the actual reality of diversification programmes in secondly schools in the Region of Murcia, emphasising the structural elements that support theit· deve-lopment. Finally, the point of view the students following this type of prograrmnes is also analysedUn hecho decisivo en el desarrollo educativo de nuestro pais en los últimos años, ha sido, sin duda, la extensión a diez años de la enseñanza básica para todos Este hecho, desarrollado por la L.O.G.S.E. ha propiciado que todos los alumnos obtengan, de ser posible, y con las medidas curriculares necesarias, el título de graduado en Educación Secundaria. Con este fin, la LOGSE establece, para alumnos y alumnas mayores de 16 años, diversificaciones del currículo, para que los objetivos de la etapa secundaria y el título correspondiente, sean conseguidos, a través de una metodología, contenidos y áreas diferentes. En este artículo pretendemos analizar determinadas condiciones para el desarrollo general de los programas de diversificación, tomando en cuenta las dificultades de los centros y las perspectivas del profesorado ante los consecuentes procesos de innovación educativa. En ese sentido, revisamos las realidades más concretas, de los programas de diversificación en los institutos de secundaria de la Región de Murcia, poniendo énfasis en los elementos estructurales que apoyan su desarrollo. Finalmente se aborda de modo puntual un aspecto poco considerado: la visión de los alumnos sujetos del programa

Thalamic Network Oscillations Synchronize Ontogenetic Columns in the Newborn Rat Barrel Cortex

Neocortical areas are organized in columns, which form the basic structural and functional modules of intracortical information processing. Using voltage-sensitive dye imaging and simultaneous multi-channel extracellular recordings in the barrel cortex of newborn rats in vivo, we found that spontaneously occurring and whisker stimulation-induced gamma bursts followed by longer lasting spindle bursts were topographically organized in functional cortical columns already at the day of birth. Gamma bursts synchronized a cortical network of 300-400 µm in diameter and were coherent with gamma activity recorded simultaneously in the thalamic ventral posterior medial (VPM) nucleus. Cortical gamma bursts could be elicited by focal electrical stimulation of the VPM. Whisker stimulation-induced spindle and gamma bursts and the majority of spontaneously occurring events were profoundly reduced by the local inactivation of the VPM, indicating that the thalamus is important to generate these activity patterns. Furthermore, inactivation of the barrel cortex with lidocaine reduced the gamma activity in the thalamus, suggesting that a cortico-thalamic feedback loop modulates this early thalamic network activit

Development of Synaptic Boutons in Layer 4 of the Barrel Field of the Rat Somatosensory Cortex: A Quantitative Analysis.

Understanding the structural and functional mechanisms underlying the development of individual brain microcircuits is critical for elucidating their computational properties. As synapses are the key structures defining a given microcircuit, it is imperative to investigate their development and precise structural features. Here, synapses in cortical layer 4 were analyzed throughout the first postnatal month using high-end electron microscopy to generate realistic quantitative 3D models. Besides their overall geometry, the size of active zones and the pools of synaptic vesicles were analyzed. At postnatal day 2 only a few shaft synapses were found, but spine synapses steadily increased with ongoing corticogenesis. From postnatal day 2 to 30 synaptic boutons significantly decreased in size whereas that of active zones remained nearly unchanged despite a reshaping. During the first 2 weeks of postnatal development, a rearrangement of synaptic vesicles from a loose distribution toward a densely packed organization close to the presynaptic density was observed, accompanied by the formation of, first a putative readily releasable pool and later a recycling and reserve pool. The quantitative 3D reconstructions of synapses will enable the comparison of structural and functional aspects of signal transduction thus leading to a better understanding of networks in the developing neocortex

Declaratoria de sociedad de hecho

T 346.016 6 M71; 67 p.Determinar las razones jurídicas, económicas y sociales que conducen a la solicitud judicial de declaratoria de existencia de sociedad comercial de hecho entre compañeros permanentes en los municipios de Manizales y Riosucio - Caldas, durante el período comprendido entre los años 2004 - 2010.Universidad Libre de Pereir

Scaling of a large-scale simulation of synchronous slow-wave and asynchronous awake-like activity of a cortical model with long-range interconnections

Cortical synapse organization supports a range of dynamic states on multiple spatial and temporal scales, from synchronous slow wave activity (SWA), characteristic of deep sleep or anesthesia, to fluctuating, asynchronous activity during wakefulness (AW). Such dynamic diversity poses a challenge for producing efficient large-scale simulations that embody realistic metaphors of short- and long-range synaptic connectivity. In fact, during SWA and AW different spatial extents of the cortical tissue are active in a given timespan and at different firing rates, which implies a wide variety of loads of local computation and communication. A balanced evaluation of simulation performance and robustness should therefore include tests of a variety of cortical dynamic states. Here, we demonstrate performance scaling of our proprietary Distributed and Plastic Spiking Neural Networks (DPSNN) simulation engine in both SWA and AW for bidimensional grids of neural populations, which reflects the modular organization of the cortex. We explored networks up to 192x192 modules, each composed of 1250 integrate-and-fire neurons with spike-frequency adaptation, and exponentially decaying inter-modular synaptic connectivity with varying spatial decay constant. For the largest networks the total number of synapses was over 70 billion. The execution platform included up to 64 dual-socket nodes, each socket mounting 8 Intel Xeon Haswell processor cores @ 2.40GHz clock rates. Network initialization time, memory usage, and execution time showed good scaling performances from 1 to 1024 processes, implemented using the standard Message Passing Interface (MPI) protocol. We achieved simulation speeds of between 2.3x10^9 and 4.1x10^9 synaptic events per second for both cortical states in the explored range of inter-modular interconnections.Comment: 22 pages, 9 figures, 4 table

Rotura hepática espontánea en puérpera sin enfermedad hipertensiva del embarazo ni enfermedad hepática: Reporte de caso

Liver rupture is a serious complication of pregnancy with high morbidity and mortality, it is frequently related to preeclampsia; exceptionally it can occur in a pregnant woman without preeclampsia or HELLP syndrome. There is a case of a pregnant woman without preeclampsia or previous liver disease who develops a liver rupture in the puerperium, she is promptly diagnosed and surgically managed. The patient evolved favorably.La rotura hepática es una complicación grave de un embarazo con una alta morbilidad y mortalidad, está relacionada frecuentemente con la preeclampsia; excepcionalmente se puede presentar en una gestante sin preeclampsia o síndrome HELLP. Se presenta un caso de una gestante sin preeclampsia ni enfermedad hepática previa que desarrolla una rotura hepática en el puerperio, es diagnosticada oportunamente y manejada quirúrgicamente. La paciente evolucionó favorablemente

La Imagen y la Narrativa Como Herramientas para el Abordaje Psicosocial en Escenarios de Violencia. Departamento del Cesar, Sur de Bolívar, Sucre y los Montes de María

Para hablar del crimen histórico cometido en Colombia hay que tener en cuenta el dolor y el perjuicio que han vivido millones de personas. Desde este contexto, en el presente trabajo, se ha desarrollado diferentes historias a partir del uso de la narrativa como herramienta importante para afrontar las vivencias y los impactos de los abusos contra los derechos de todo ser humano, de este modo, el informe se ha elaborado desde diferentes apartados. El primero, aborda el análisis de la historia de Amparo, una mujer resistente ante las dificultades presentadas, donde a través de su discurso se reflejan emergentes psicosociales, significados de violencia, recursos de afrontamiento y elementos resilientes, la que fue importante para utilizar preguntas circulares, reflexivas y estratégicas que darán apertura a sus recuerdos, necesidades y una nueva mirada sobre su historia. Posteriormente, se analiza el caso del corregimiento El Salado, cerca al municipio del Carmen de Bolívar en la Región de Montes de María, se muestran los efectos bio-psico-socioculturales del conflicto armado en la vida de los habitantes. Se plantean tres estrategias psicosociales y acciones para mejorar el bienestar de este corregimiento. Luego se presenta el análisis de la Foto-Voz, una metodología que usa la fotografía y el relato en el contexto del conflicto en el país. Finalmente, se concluye con la reflexión sobre la relevancia de la perspectiva psicosocial y la participación de las comunidades afectadas.To talk about the historical crimes committed in Colombia, it is necessary to consider the pain and damage experienced by millions of people. In this context, in this work, different stories have been developed from the use of narrative as an important tool to confront the experiences and effects of violations against the rights of each human being, in this way the report has been elaborated from different sections. The first one deals with the analysis of the story of Amparo, a woman resistant to the difficulties presented, where through her speech psychosocial emergencies, meanings of violence, coping resources and resilient elements are reflected, which was important to use circular, reflective and strategic questions that will open her memories, needs and a new look at her story. Then, the case of the village of El Salado, near the municipality of Carmen de Bolívar in the Montes de María region, is analyzed, showing the bio-psycho-socio-cultural impact of the armed conflict on the lives of its inhabitants. Three psychosocial strategies and actions are proposed to improve the well-being of this community. Then the analysis of the Photo-Voice, a methodology that uses photography and storytelling in the context of the conflict in the country, is presented. Finally, the paper concludes with a reflection on the relevance of the psychosocial perspective and the participation of the affected communities

Is the meaning of subjective well-being similar in Latin American countries? A cross-cultural measurement invariance study of the WHO-5 well-being index during the COVID-19 pandemic

"Background: There is an urgent need to assess changes in well-being on a multinational scale during the COVID-19 pandemic, thus culturally valid scales must be available. Methods: With this in mind, this study examined the invariance of the WHO well-being index (WHO-5) among a sample of 5183 people from 12 Latin Americans countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay). Results: The results of the present study indicate that the WHO-5 is strictly invariant across samples from different Latin American countries. Furthermore, the results of the IRT analysis indicate that all items of the WHO-5 were highly discriminative and that the difficulty required to respond to each of the five items is ascending. Additionally, the results indicated the presence of moderate and small size differences in subjective well-being among most countries. Conclusion: The WHO-5 is useful for assessing subjective well-being in 12 Latin American countries during the COVID-19 pandemic, since the differences between scores can be attributed to differences in well-being and not in other characteristics of the scale.