Análise das barreiras ao investimento direto estrangeiro na União Europeia

O Investimento direto estrangeiro contribui para a promoção do desenvolvimento económico do país, através do aumento do emprego e da produção. Também é capaz de gerar mudanças tecnológicas, maior liberalização do comércio e, a desregulamentação e privatização dos mercados. Estes fatores têm conduzido a um aumento da concorrência entre países para atrair e manter o IDE. Desta forma, os países procuram reduzir as suas barreiras para aumentar a sua competitividade na economia global. Este estudo teve por objetivo identificar as barreiras ao IDE nos países da União Europeia, e o impacto destas variáveis nos influxos de IDE nos países da UE. À metodologia de estudo baseou-se na análise da literatura científica em que foram identificadas as vulnerabilidades mais comuns encontradas pelos investidores nos países. Na sequência um estudo econométrico com dados em painel retirados das bases do Banco Mundial e da OCDE foi conduzido para avaliar o eventual impacto destas variáveis, nos influxos de IDE nos países da UE. Na Análise empírica os fatores que apresentaram resultados estatisticamente significativos, referem-se ao nível de escolaridade que afeta a oferta de mão-de-obra qualificada, o endividamento público que afeta a estabilidade macroeconómica do país e a carga tributária e fiscal imposta para as empresas. As vulnerabilidades relatadas neste estudo podem tornar-se barreiras perante os investidores, se não existir uma política ou direção que melhore os incentivos e melhore a atratividade dos países.Foreign direct investment contributes to the promotion of the country's economic development by increasing employment and production. It is also capable of generating technological change, further trade liberalization, and the deregulation and privatization of markets. These factors have led to increased competition among countries to attract and maintain FDI. In this way, countries seek to reduce their barriers to increase their competitiveness in the global economy. This study aimed to identify the barriers to FDI in EU countries, and the impact of these variables on FDI inflows in EU countries. The study methodology was based on the analysis of the scientific literature in which the most common vulnerabilities found by investors in countries were identified. Following an econometric study with panel data from the World Bank and OECD bases to assess the possible impact of these variables on FDI inflows in EU countries. In the empirical analysis, the factors that showed statistically significant results refer to the level of education affecting the supply of qualified labour, public indebtedness affecting the country's macroeconomic stability, and the tax fiscal imposed on enterprises. The vulnerabilities reported in this study may become barriers to investors if there is no policy or direction that improves incentives and increases the attractiveness of countries.Mestrado em Finança

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O8-1 24-Hour Movement Behavior and Fundamental Movement Skills in Pre-School Children: A Compositional Analysis

BACKGROUND: Studies that have analyzed the association between the different movement behaviors and fundamental movement skills (FMS), have considered it in an independent manner, disregarding the compositional nature of 24-hour movement behaviors (24h MB). The aim of this study was to investigate relationships between the 24h MB and FMS in low-income preschoolers. METHODS: Two hundred and four preschoolers of both sexes (4.5±0.8 years old; 101boys) provided objectively assessed physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (ST) data (Actigraph wGT3X), and FMS assessments (TGMD-2). Sleep duration (SD) was reported by parents through interview. Association of daily time composition of movement behaviors with FMS was explored using compositional data analysis (R Core Team, 3.6.1). RESULTS: Our data highlighted that no single movement behaviour significantly predicted locomotor, manipulative, or total motor competence. When data were considered as a 24h MB composition based on PA, ST and SD, adjusted for age, BMI and sex, the composition significantly predicted locomotor score (P > 0.0001; r2 = 0.31), manipulative score (P > 0.0001; r2 = 0.19) and total motor competence score (P > 0.0001; r2 = 0.35), respectively. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that the 24h MB composition is more important for adequate FMS then any individual, movement behavior. This represents an important finding, particularly for creating and optimizing interventions to benefit child health

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved