Influence of origin of the beans on protein quality and nutritive value of commercial soybean meals.

Chemical composition and correlations between chemical analyses and protein quality of 454 batches of SBM of 3 different origins (USA, n=168; Brazil (BRA), n=139, and Argentine (ARG), n=147) were studied. Samples were collected during a 6-yr period. SBM from USA had more CP, sucrose and stachyose and less NDF (P<0.001) than SBM from ARG and BRA. CP content was negatively related (P<0.001) with sucrose for USA meals and with NDF for ARG and BRA meals. Also, P content was positively related (P<0.01) with CP content of the meals. PDI and KOH solubility were higher (P<0.001) for USA than for ARG or BRA SBM, values that were positively related (P<0.001) with trypsin inhibitor activity of the meals. In addition, USA meals had more lys, met+cys, thr, and trp than BRA and ARG meals (P < 0.001). Per unit of CP, lys content was negatively related (P<0.001) with CP content for USA, positively for BRA, and no relations was found for ARG meals. It is concluded that nutritive values and protein quality of the meals varied widely among soybean origins. Consequently, the origin of the beans should be considered in the evaluation of the nutritive value of commercial SBM for non-ruminant animals

Chemical characteristics of soybean meals available in the European Union market: A 2015 survey

The aim of this research was to determine the chemical composition and nutritive value of soybean meals (SBM) from beans of different origins collected in the European Union in 2015 . Based on a previous survey conducted from 2008 to 2014, we hypothesized that the SBM from the different countries could show differences in chemical composition, protein quality, and nutritional value. In total, 40 SBM samples from USA (n = 14), Brazil (BRA; n = 15), and Argentina (ARG; n = 11) were collected at random from 5 key feed compounders and analyzed for proximal components, minerals, sugars, fibers, amino acids (AA), and protein quality

Diferencias en composición química y relaciones con la calidad de la proteína de las harinas de soja según origen.

La harina de soja (HS) es la principal fuente de proteína utilizada en la fabricación de piensos. En Europa, la mayor parte de las HS procede de uno de los tres principales países productores: Estados Unidos (USA), Brasil (BRA) y Argentina (ARG). La composición y valor nutricional de las HS varía entre países de origen en función de las variedades cultivadas, las condiciones agronómicas y las condiciones de procesado (Grieshop et al., 2003; De Coca et al., 2008, 2010; Frikha et al., 2012). En un trabajo anterior Mateos et al. (2011) presentaron los resultados obtenidos de una colección de 385 muestras de HS recogidas entre los años 2007 y 2010 procedentes de estos tres países. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo complementar los resultados anteriores con nuevas muestras procedentes de las cosechas de los años 2011 y 2012. Asimismo se presentarán las correlaciones más destacadas entre componentes analíticos y las variables de calidad de la proteína habitualmente utilizadas por la industria

Influencia del origen del haba sobre el valor nutricional de la harina de soja

La harina de soja (HS) es la principal fuente de proteína en piensos para animales monogástricos. La mayor parte de las HS utilizadas en Europa proceden del continente Americano, en particular de Argentina (ARG), Brasil (BRA) y Estados Unidos (USA). Aunque la composición y valor nutricional de las HS varía entre países de origen (Grieshop et al., 2003; De Coca et al., 2008; 2010; Valencia et al., 2008), las tablas de composición de alimentos (NRC, 1998; FEDNA, 2010) clasifican las HS en función de su contenido en PB, sin tener en cuenta ni el origen ni las condiciones del procesado. En un trabajo anterior Mateos et al. (2009) se presentaron los resultados obtenidos de una colección de 262 muestras de HS recolectadas en las cosechas de los años 2007 y 2008 procedentes de estos tres países. Dependiendo de la variable considerada, el número de muestras analizadas varió entre 50 y 262. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo completar los análisis y complementar los resultados anteriores en relación con la composición química, el valor nutricional y la calidad de la PB de la HS con nuevas muestras procedentes de las cosechas de los años 2009 y 2010

Differences among origins on nutritional and quality parameters of soybean meal

Soybean meal (SBM) is the main protein source in livestock feeds. United States (USA), Brazil (BRA), and Argentine (ARG) are the major SBM exporter countries. The nutritive value of SBM varies because genetics, environment, farming conditions, and processing of the beans influence strongly the content and availability of major nutrients. The present research was conducted to determine the influence of origin (USA, BRA and ARG) on nutritive value and protein quality of SBM

Variation among origins in nutrient composition and protein quality of soybean meals

Investigación sobre las variaciones en la composición y en la calidad de las proteinas de la alimentación animal basada en la soja en función de los orígene

Development and Validation of a Risk Score for Chronic Kidney Disease in HIV Infection Using Prospective Cohort Data from the D:A:D Study

Ristola M. on työryhmien DAD Study Grp ; Royal Free Hosp Clin Cohort ; INSIGHT Study Grp ; SMART Study Grp ; ESPRIT Study Grp jäsen.Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health issue for HIV-positive individuals, associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Development and implementation of a risk score model for CKD would allow comparison of the risks and benefits of adding potentially nephrotoxic antiretrovirals to a treatment regimen and would identify those at greatest risk of CKD. The aims of this study were to develop a simple, externally validated, and widely applicable long-term risk score model for CKD in HIV-positive individuals that can guide decision making in clinical practice. Methods and Findings A total of 17,954 HIV-positive individuals from the Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs (D:A:D) study with >= 3 estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) values after 1 January 2004 were included. Baseline was defined as the first eGFR > 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 after 1 January 2004; individuals with exposure to tenofovir, atazanavir, atazanavir/ritonavir, lopinavir/ritonavir, other boosted protease inhibitors before baseline were excluded. CKD was defined as confirmed (>3 mo apart) eGFR In the D:A:D study, 641 individuals developed CKD during 103,185 person-years of follow-up (PYFU; incidence 6.2/1,000 PYFU, 95% CI 5.7-6.7; median follow-up 6.1 y, range 0.3-9.1 y). Older age, intravenous drug use, hepatitis C coinfection, lower baseline eGFR, female gender, lower CD4 count nadir, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) predicted CKD. The adjusted incidence rate ratios of these nine categorical variables were scaled and summed to create the risk score. The median risk score at baseline was -2 (interquartile range -4 to 2). There was a 1: 393 chance of developing CKD in the next 5 y in the low risk group (risk score = 5, 505 events), respectively. Number needed to harm (NNTH) at 5 y when starting unboosted atazanavir or lopinavir/ritonavir among those with a low risk score was 1,702 (95% CI 1,166-3,367); NNTH was 202 (95% CI 159-278) and 21 (95% CI 19-23), respectively, for those with a medium and high risk score. NNTH was 739 (95% CI 506-1462), 88 (95% CI 69-121), and 9 (95% CI 8-10) for those with a low, medium, and high risk score, respectively, starting tenofovir, atazanavir/ritonavir, or another boosted protease inhibitor. The Royal Free Hospital Clinic Cohort included 2,548 individuals, of whom 94 individuals developed CKD (3.7%) during 18,376 PYFU (median follow-up 7.4 y, range 0.3-12.7 y). Of 2,013 individuals included from the SMART/ESPRIT control arms, 32 individuals developed CKD (1.6%) during 8,452 PYFU (median follow-up 4.1 y, range 0.6-8.1 y). External validation showed that the risk score predicted well in these cohorts. Limitations of this study included limited data on race and no information on proteinuria. Conclusions Both traditional and HIV-related risk factors were predictive of CKD. These factors were used to develop a risk score for CKD in HIV infection, externally validated, that has direct clinical relevance for patients and clinicians to weigh the benefits of certain antiretrovirals against the risk of CKD and to identify those at greatest risk of CKD.Peer reviewe

The culture of human cleavage stage embryos alone or in groups: effect upon blastocyst utilization rates and implantation

The effect of cleavage-stage group culture (CGC; embryos cultured in groups of three or more for the first 3 days and then individually to blastocyst) was compared to extended single embryo culture (ESC; embryos cultured individually to the blastocyst stage). While implantation and ongoing pregnancy rates were similar between groups, the blastocyst utilization rate (number of blastocysts suitable for freezing and thawing/total number of embryos cultured to Day 5 and 6) was significantly higher when embryos were cultured in CGC for women <35 yrs thereby increasing the number of embryos available for clinical use for the younger women. This strategy of group culture to Day 3 would seem an ideal protocol to capitalize on an overall embryo quality in two particular settings, namely programmes wishing to (i) undertake Day 3 transfers, and (ii) keep embryos separate from Day 3 to Day5/6 for the purposes of selection. The culture system can also be applied to the embryos of older women without adverse effect, enabling the same system to be used for all embryos

Agroecological characterization of Xiphinema index in Spain1

The agroecological characteristics of Xiphinema index were determined by studying its spatial and temporal distribution in different environmental conditions in Spain. The host range, life cycle in the Mediterranean continental climate and its relationships with grapevine fanleaf nepovirus are also reported. X. index is widespread in grape‐growing areas in a wide range of soil textures and pH, even at high percentage of carbonates. However, it seems to prefer sandy‐loam and sandy‐clay loam soils, and populations decrease when soil carbonates increase. Its spatial distribution is random but it has a tendency to be found in the deepest clay horizons, where soil moisture is retained. Availability of moisture seems to be the limiting factor for nematode development. Grapevine and fig are the main host plants but X. index is also associated with fruit trees, ornamental crops, vegetable crops, woodlands and other uncultivated soils. Its life cycle in central Spain, where temperature ranges from <0°C until March to above 40°C from May—June until September, takes 6–8 weeks to complete. X. index was found in 14% of all vineyards sampled and in 50% of the fanleaf virus‐infected vineyards. Transmission tests using bait plants were successful and the detection of the virus by means of ELISA test in a mimimun of five nematodes was achieved. Fanleaf‐like symptoms often occurred in the absence of the virus, as demonstrated by ELISA. Copyright © 1994, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserve