163 research outputs found
Thermodynamic Properties of Ferromagnetic Mott- Insulators GaV4S8
We present the results of the magnetic and specific heat measurements on V4
tetrahedral-cluster compound GaV4S8 between 2 to 300K. We find two transitions
related to a structural change at 42K followed by ferromagnetic order at 12K on
cooling. Remarkably similar properties were previously reported for the cluster
compounds of Mo4. These compounds show an extremely high density of low energy
excitations in their electronic properties. We explain this behavior in a
cluster compound as due to the reduction of coulomb repulsion among electrons
that occupy highly degenerate orbits of different clusters.Comment: To be publish in Physica
Variations in the formation of the median nerve and its clinical correlation
Variations in the formation of the median nerve are of interest to anatomists, radiologists, and surgeons. These variations may be vulnerable to damage in surgical operations, but their knowledge also helps in the interpretation of a nervous compression having unexplained clinical symptoms. We studied the variation
in the formation of the median nerve in 87 cadavers, i.e. 174 upper limbs
of formalin preserved cadavers at the department of Anatomy, Subharti medical
college. We observed an additional root taking part in the formation of the
median nerve in 26.4% of upper limbs, unusual low formation of the median
nerve in the arm in front of the brachial artery in 18.4% of upper limbs, and median nerve formation medial to the axillary artery in 10.3% of upper limbs. Knowledge of such anatomical variations is of interest to the anatomist and clinician alike. Surgeons who perform procedures involving neoplasm or trauma
repair need to be aware of these variations
Variant origin of superior polar artery and unusual hilar branching pattern of renal artery with clinical correlation
Classically, a single renal artery arising from the abdominal aorta supplies the
respective kidney on each side. Near the hilum of the kidney each renal artery
divides into anterior and posterior branchs, which in turn divide into segmental
arteries supplying the different renal segments. A total of 84 formalin fixed
cadavers (73 male and 11 female, 168 kidneys in total) constituted the material
for the study. During routine abdominal dissection conducted for medical undergraduates,
the kidneys and their arteries were explored and variations in
morphological patterns of renal arteries were noted. We observed superior
polar renal artery in 22.6% cases. Superior polar renal arteries had different
sources of origin. In 10.7% of cases it came directly from the abdominal aorta
as an accessory renal artery; in 5.4% of cases as a direct branch from the main
renal artery; in 3.6% of cases from the superior hilar renal artery (from one of
the duplicated renal arteries); and in 3.0% of cases from a segmental branch of
the renal artery. We also observed unusual hilar branching patterns of renal
arteries, which included a fork pattern in 11.3% of cases, ladder pattern in
7.7% of cases, net pattern in 5.9% of cases, and triplicate in 3.0% of cases.
Understanding the anatomy of vascular variations of the kidney is essential for
the clinician to be able to perform procedures such as renal transplantation,
interventional radiological procedures, and renal vascular operations more safely
and efficiently. (Folia Morphol 2011; 70, 1: 24-28
Microstrip Line Discontinuities Simulation at Microwave Frequencies
Microwave and Millimeter wave integrated circuits (MICs) have experienced a tremendous growth over the last 50 years. Microstrip line is one of the popular lines in these MICs. Due to the layout necessities, an electromagnetic wave that propagates down a microstrip line may encounter discontinuities such as T-junctions, Bends and vias. A simulation model is presented here for analysing these discontinuities in microstrips through Sonnet Software. The parameters of microstrip lines are determined from the empirical formulae which are based on full wave analysis. The simulation work has been performed on Alumina substrate. The discontinuities are simulated and compensated which gives important results for designing high frequency microwave circuits. Key Words: Microwave and millimeter wave integrated circuits (MICs), microstrip line, microstrip line discontinuities, T-junctions, bends, steps in width, full wave analysis, substrate permittivity and sonnet software
Electronic transport and specific heat of 1T- VSe2
The results of low temperature thermoelectric power and the specific heat of
1T-VSe2 (Vanadium diselenide) have been reported along with the electrical
resistivity, and Hall coefficient of the compound. The Charge Density Wave
(CDW) transition is observed near 110K temperature in all these properties. The
Thermoelectric power has been measured from 15K to 300K spanning the
incommensurate and commensurate CDW regions. We observed a weak anomaly at the
CDW transition for the first time in the specific heat of VSe2. The linear
temperature dependence of resistivity and thermoelectric power at higher
temperatures suggests a normal metallic behavior and electron-phonon scattering
above the CDW transition. The positive thermoelectric power and negative Hall
coefficient along with strongly temperature dependent behavior in the CDW phase
suggest a mixed conduction related to the strongly hybridized s-p-d bands in
this compound.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figures. to appear in Solid State Communicatio
Establishing a core outcome set for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease : report of the Standardized Outcomes in Nephrology–Polycystic Kidney Disease (SONG-PKD) consensus workshop
The omission of outcomes that are of relevance to patients, clinicians and regulators across trials in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) limits shared decision-making. The Standardized Outcomes in Nephrology – Polycystic Kidney Disease (SONG-PKD) Initiative convened an international consensus workshop on 25th October 2018, to discuss the identification and implementation of a potential core outcome set for all ADPKD trials. This article summarizes the discussion from the workshops and the SONG-PKD core outcome set. Key stakeholders including 11 patients/caregivers and 47 health professionals (nephrologists, policymakers, industry and researchers) attended the workshop. Four themes emerged: Relevance of trajectory and impact of kidney function included concerns about a patient’s prognosis and uncertainty of when they may need to commence kidney replacement therapy, and the lack of an early prognostic marker to inform long-term decisions; Discerning and defining pain specific to ADPKD highlighted the challenges in determining the origin of pain, adapting to the chronicity and repeated episodes of pain, the need to place emphasis on pain management and to have a validated measure for pain; Highlighting ADPKD consequences encompassed cyst-related complications and reflected patient’s knowledge because of family history and the hereditary nature of ADPKD; Risk of life-threatening but rare consequences such as cerebral aneurysm meant considering both frequency and severity of the outcome. Kidney function, mortality, cardiovascular disease and pain were established as the core outcomes for ADPKD
Anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2018
Anemia is a globally widespread condition in women and is associated with reduced economic productivity and increased mortality worldwide. Here we map annual 2000–2018 geospatial estimates of anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age (15–49 years) across 82 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), stratify anemia by severity and aggregate results to policy-relevant administrative and national levels. Additionally, we provide subnational disparity analyses to provide a comprehensive overview of anemia prevalence inequalities within these countries and predict progress toward the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target (WHO GNT) to reduce anemia by half by 2030. Our results demonstrate widespread moderate improvements in overall anemia prevalence but identify only three LMICs with a high probability of achieving the WHO GNT by 2030 at a national scale, and no LMIC is expected to achieve the target in all their subnational administrative units. Our maps show where large within-country disparities occur, as well as areas likely to fall short of the WHO GNT, offering precision public health tools so that adequate resource allocation and subsequent interventions can be targeted to the most vulnerable populations.Peer reviewe
Performance of the CMS Level-1 trigger in proton-proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV
At the start of Run 2 in 2015, the LHC delivered proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13\TeV. During Run 2 (years 2015–2018) the LHC eventually reached a luminosity of 2.1× 10 cms, almost three times that reached during Run 1 (2009–2013) and a factor of two larger than the LHC design value, leading to events with up to a mean of about 50 simultaneous inelastic proton-proton collisions per bunch crossing (pileup). The CMS Level-1 trigger was upgraded prior to 2016 to improve the selection of physics events in the challenging conditions posed by the second run of the LHC. This paper describes the performance of the CMS Level-1 trigger upgrade during the data taking period of 2016–2018. The upgraded trigger implements pattern recognition and boosted decision tree regression techniques for muon reconstruction, includes pileup subtraction for jets and energy sums, and incorporates pileup-dependent isolation requirements for electrons and tau leptons. In addition, the new trigger calculates high-level quantities such as the invariant mass of pairs of reconstructed particles. The upgrade reduces the trigger rate from background processes and improves the trigger efficiency for a wide variety of physics signals
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