16 research outputs found
Assessing the mycotoxicological risk from consumption of complementary foods by infants and young children in Nigeria
- Author
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/11/2018
- Field of study
This study assessed, for the first time, the mycotoxicological risks from consumption of complementary foods by infants and young children in Nigeria. Molds belonging to Aspergillus aculeatinus, A. flavus, A. luchuensis, A. tubingensis, A. welwitschiae and Geotrichum candidum were recovered from the complementary foods. Twenty-eight major mycotoxins and derivatives, and another 109 microbial metabolites including chloramphenicol (a bacterial metabolite), were quantified in 137 food samples by LC-MS/MS. Aflatoxins and fumonisins co-contaminated 42% of the cereal- and nut-based food samples, at mean concentrations exceeding the EU limits of 0.1 and 200 μg/kg set for processed baby foods by 300 and six times, respectively. Milk contained mainly beauvericin, chloramphenicol and zearalenone. The trichothecenes, T-2 and HT-2 toxins, were quantified only in infant formula and at levels three times above the EU indicative level of 15 μg/kg for baby food. Chronic exposure estimate to carcinogenic aflatoxin was high causing low margin of exposure (MOE). Exposures to other mycotoxins either exceeded the established reference values by several fold or revealed low MOEs, pointing to important health risks in this highly vulnerable population. The observed mycotoxin mixtures may further increase risks of adverse health outcomes of exposure; this warrants urgent advocacy and regulatory interventions.</p
A comparative evaluation of fermentable sugars production from oxidative, alkaline, alkaline peroxide oxidation, dilute acid, and molten hydrate salt pretreatments of corn cob biomass
- Author
- Publication venue
- 'American Institute of Mathematical Sciences (AIMS)'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2020
- Field of study
Production of high value-added products from lignocelluloses is an economically
sustainable alternative to decreasing dependence on fossil fuels and making the chemical processes
environmentally friendly. In this study, different methodologies of alkaline (Ca(OH)2 and NaOH),
dilute acid (10%w/w H2SO4), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), alkaline peroxide oxidation (H2O2/Ca(OH)2
and H2O2/NaOH), and molten hydrated salt (MHS) mediated (ZnCl2.4H2O) pretreatments were
employed in the hydrolysis of corncob amenable to enzymatic hydrolysis. Optimal enzyme
hydrolysis temperature (considering 45 and 50 ℃) and time (2, 24, 72, and 96 h) were investigated for
each pretreatment procedure to ascertain the concentrations of glucose, xylose, and total sugar
present in the corncob. At 45 ℃ and 96 h, NaOH alkaline pretreatment achieved the best optimum
total sugar production of 75.54 mg/mL (about 54% and 88% increments compared to dilute acid
pretreatment (35.06 mg/mL total sugars) and MHS (9.32 mg/mL total sugar) pretreatment
respectively). In this study, total sugars production increased appreciably at 45 ℃ and longer
hydrolysis period (96 h) compared to hydrolysis at 50 ℃ (with maximum total sugars production of 18.00 mg/mL at 96 h). Scanning electron microscopic imaging of the untreated and treated
samples displayed cell wall distortion and surface disruptions.Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria.http://www.aimspress.com/journal/energypm2021Chemical Engineerin
Analysis of squat shear wall with different dimensions and position of opening under different type of static loads
- Author
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/06/2015
- Field of study
Shear walls are usually used in high-rise building or building on high frequency of wind area as the structural element to restrain lateral forces. Openings are created on the shear wall for the architecture, ventilation or mechanical and electrical purposes. With the existence of the opening, the strength of the wall is reduced by the reduction in concrete area and the discontinuity of the reinforcement due to opening which may lead to structural failure. The main objective is to study the effect of size and position of the opening towards the structural behavior of the shear wall under different type of static loads. The analysis is done using the software ANSYS12.0. The samples are SW1, SW2, SW3, SW4, SW5, SW6, SW7 and SW8 where SW1 is solid shear wall while SW2, SW3, SW4, SW5, SW6, SW7 and SW8 are shear walls with different size and position of opening. They are analyzed by using 2 different types of loads which are uniformly distributed axial load and uniformly lateral load. From the same magnitude of loads applied towards the shear walls, they are compared by the cracking pattern and the stress distribution. Under both axial and lateral loads, it shows a significance results that the shear wall with greater opening size shows less efficiency. The position of opening further from the support shows a more significance effect towards the strength of the wall from axial load but opposite from the lateral load. Besides, the closer the position of the shear wall to the load, the less efficient it is. As a conclusion from the results, the most suitable position of the opening on the shear wall is further from the support and the loads and it shows that there is a significance effect even from a smallest opening
High-Throughput Sequence Analyses of Bacterial Communities and Multi-Mycotoxin Profiling During Processing of Different Formulations of Kunu, a Traditional Fermented Beverage
- Author
- Chibundu N. Ezekiel
- Chibundu N. Ezekiel
- Christopher T. Elliott
- Cyril C. Nwangburuka
- Deidre A. B. van Wyk
- Deidre A. B. van Wyk
- Ihuoma E. Chibuzor-Onyema
- Jana Hajšlová
- Kolawole I. Ayeni
- Michael Sulyok
- Obinna T. Ezeokoli
- Obinna T. Ezeokoli
- Oluwatosin M. Akinyemi
- Oluwawapelumi A. Oyedele
- Rasheed A. Adeleke
- Rasheed A. Adeleke
- Rudolf Krska
- Rudolf Krska
- Publication venue
- 'Frontiers Media SA'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2019
- Field of study
Kunu is a traditional fermented single or mixed cereals-based beverage popularly consumed in many parts of West Africa. Presently, the bacterial community and mycotoxin contamination profiles during processing of various kunu formulations have never been comprehensively studied. This study, therefore, investigated the bacterial community and multi-mycotoxin dynamics during the processing of three kunu formulations using high-throughput sequence analysis of partial 16S rRNA gene (hypervariable V3-V4 region) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), respectively. A total of 2,303 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained across six processing stages in all three kunu formulations. Principal coordinate analysis biplots of the Bray-Curtis dissimilarity between bacterial communities revealed the combined influences of formulations and processing steps. Taxonomically, OTUs spanned 13 phyla and 486 genera. Firmicutes (phylum) dominated (relative abundance) most of the processing stages, while Proteobacteria dominated the rest of the stages. Lactobacillus (genus taxa level) dominated most processing stages and the final product (kunu) of two formulations, whereas Clostridium sensu stricto (cluster 1) dominated kunu of one formulation, constituting a novel observation. We further identified Acetobacter, Propionibacterium, Gluconacetobacter, and Gluconobacter previously not associated with kunu processing. Shared phylotypes between all communities were dominated by lactic acid bacteria including species of Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, and Weissella. Other shared phylotypes included notable acetic acid bacteria and potential human enteric pathogens. Ten mycotoxins [3-Nitropropionic acid, aflatoxicol, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), AFB2, AFM1, alternariol (AOH), alternariolmethylether (AME), beauvericin (BEAU), citrinin, and moniliformin] were quantified at varying concentrations in ingredients for kunu processing. Except for AOH, AME, and BEAU that were retained at minimal levels of < 2 μg/kg in the final product, most mycotoxins in the ingredients were not detectable after processing. In particular, mycotoxin levels were substantially reduced by fermentation, although simple dilution and sieving also contributed to mycotoxin reduction. This study reinforces the perception of kunu as a rich source of bacteria with beneficial attributes to consumer health, and provides in-depth understanding of the microbiology of kunu processing, as well as information on mycotoxin contamination and reduction during this process. These findings may aid the development of starter culture technology for safe and quality kunu production
Ethical Leadership in South Africa and Botswana
- Author
- Alexander K.
- Arnold D. F.
- Ashford S. J.
- Atwater L. E.
- Ayeni V.
- Barbuto J. E.
- Betz M.
- Bok D. C.
- Brown M. E.
- Browning J.
- Ciulla J. B.
- Cohen J.
- Conrad A. M.
- Craig S. B.
- De Hoogh A. H.
- Dickson M. W.
- Dineen B. R.
- Disoloane V. P. P.
- Dube C.
- Emmanuel Selemani Shindika
- Gabriel K.
- Heres L.
- Hilliard V. G.
- Iles P.
- Jackson T.
- Kalshoven K.
- Kanungo R. N.
- Kanungo R. N.
- Kaptein M.
- Kelman H. C.
- Kracher B.
- Logsdon J. M.
- Logsdon J. M.
- Longenecker J. G.
- Madonsela T. N.
- Malunga C.
- Mayer D. M.
- Mayer D. M.
- Menzel D. C.
- Michie S.
- Murphy P. R.
- Mwamba L.
- Nicolaides G.
- Obalola M.
- Peterson D.
- Peterson D. K.
- Piccolo R. F.
- Pierce B.
- Priviledge Cheteni
- Raga K.
- Rasheed D.
- Reidenbach R. E.
- Resick C. J.
- Rosenbaum P. R.
- Rubin R. S.
- Ruegger D.
- Schminke M.
- Sebudubudu D.
- Sims R. R.
- Sims R. R.
- Smith A.
- Stringer R. A.
- Suff P.
- Tanner C.
- Trevino L. K.
- Treviño L. K.
- Treviño L. K.
- Turner N.
- Valentine S.
- Van Wart M.
- Walumbwa F. O.
- Weber J.
- Weeks W. A.
- West J. P.
- Yukl G.
- Yukl G.
- Yukl G.
- Yukl G.
- Publication venue
- 'FapUNIFESP (SciELO)'
- Publication date
- Field of study
Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study
- Author
- Liza
- - AP-HP) Bertrand Dousset (H\uf4pital Cochin
- - APHP) Anne Thomin (H\uf4pital Trousseau
- - ASST Rhodense) Carlo Corbellin (Ospedale Di Rho
- - NYU Winthrop Hospital) Amir H Sohail (NYU Langone Health
- - Xarxa Assistencial Universit\ue0ria de Manresa) Pablo Collera Ormazabal (Fundaci\uf3 Althaia
- / Columbia University Medical Center) Miriam Callahan (NewYork-Presbyterian
- 3 University Hospital) Bridget Egan (Tallaght
- 4 Lapolla Pierfrancesco
- 5 Spain: Eduardo E Rubio Susana Henriques (Hospital Garcia de Orta).
- 6 G\uf3mez Marcos
- \u2013 IRCCS Francesca Gaino (Humanitas Clinical and Research Center
- \u2013 Italy) 20089 Rozzano (MI)
- \uc1ngel Hern\ue1ndez Bartolom\ue9 Miguel
- A Aaraj Mahmoud
- A Ayeni Funbi
- A Bass Gary
- A Benson Ruth
- A Bozkurt Mehmet
- A Breen Kerry
- A Breen Kerry
- A Breen Kerry
- A Callcut Rachael
- A Chung Eric
- A Coughlin Patrick
- A de Gheldere Charles
- A De Marchi Joshua
- A Elliott Jessie
- A Fahey Brian
- A Griffiths Ewen
- A Griffiths Ewen
- A Griffiths Ewen
- A Guariglia Claudio
- A Hirji Sameer
- A Khalefa Mohamed
- A Marra (Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli) Angelo
- A Nguyen (Frankfurt University Hospital Truong
- A Olson (Duke University Medical Center) Steven
- A Raptis Dimitri
- A Rollett Rebecca
- A Saeed Samerah
- A Salama Hiba
- A Salamah Abdulrauf
- A Schnitzbauer Andreas
- A Schnitzbauer Andreas
- A Singh Aminder
- A Stevens Kent
- A Stylianides Nicholas
- A Thaha Mohamed
- A Vega (12 de Octubre University Hospital) Viviana
- A Vivas Alfredo
- A Zappa Marco
- Abate Emmanuele
- Abdalaziz (Gloucestershire Royal Hospital) Hossam
- Abdelkarim Mostafa
- Abdou Hossam
- Aboelkassem-Ibrahim Ahmad
- Abuown Ala
- Acebes-Garcia Fernando
- Acharya Metesh
- Adamina Michel
- Addae-Boateng Emmanuel
- Adolfo Pisanu (Cagliari University Hospital) Mauro Podda
- Aftab Raiyyan
- AG Moir John
- Agarwal Arnav
- AH Ibrahim Mohamed
- Aitken (Queen Elizabeth University Hospital) Emma
- Al-Azzawi Marwa
- Al-Embideen Somya
- Al-Sukaini Ahmad
- Alakaloko Felix
- Alam (Heartlands Hospital) Ruhina
- Alameer Ehab
- Alderson Derek
- Ali Mohamed Ali (Queen Elizabeth Hospital King's Lynn) Inthekab
- Aliyeva (Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University Zumrud
- Aljanadi Firas
- Almasri Murad
- Alonso Poza (Hospital Universitario del Sureste) Alfredo
- Alonso-Ortu\uf1o Paula
- Alser Osaid
- Alser Osaid
- Alser Osaid
- Altintoprak (Sakarya University Faculty of Medicine) Fatih
- Amalina Che Bakri Nur
- Amjad Rabbia
- Anania Gabriele
- and Westminster Hospital NHS FT and Imperial College London) Chelsea
- Andabaka Tatjana
- Andrea Pisani Ceretti (ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo) Nicol\uf2 M Mariani
- Angelou Dimitrios
- Anita Volpe (New York Presbyterian Queens) Stephen Merola
- Annamalai Seethalakshmi
- Annessi Valerio
- Anthoney James
- Anuradha R Bhama (Rush University Medical Center) Alfonso Torquati
- Anwar Sibtain
- Aragon-Chamizo Juan
- Ardito Antonella
- Arigoni Michele
- Armao Teodora
- Arminio (Ospedali Riuniti Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Foggia) Armando
- Armstrong Lara
- Asaad Peter
- Ashcroft James
- Ashmore Christopher
- Asqalan Ahmad
- Asti (IRCCS Policlinico San Donato Emanuele
- Aubry Emmanuelle
- Aytac Erman
- Ayuso-Herrera Esther
- Azerbaijan:Elgun Samadov Joana FF Simoes (Chair). 2 Collaborators: (denotes Local Principal Investigator) Algeria: Faraj S Almaadany (\uc9tablissement Hospitalier Sp\ue9cialis\ue9 en Canc\ue9rologie - Centre Pierre-et- Marie-Curie).
- B Avellana Rocio
- B Catton Andrew
- B Fonsi Giovanni
- B Hing Caroline
- B O'Meara Lindsay
- B Schaffer Kathryn
- B Yousuf (Tobruk Medical Center) Farhat
- B\ue0mbina (Fabrizio Spaziani Hospital Fabrizio
- Bailon-Cuadrado (Hospital Universitario R\uedo Hortega) Martin
- Baldi Caterina
- Baldini Edoardo
- Baldo (Ospedale Santa Corona Stefano
- Ballabio Michele
- Baloyiannis Ioannis
- Baltazar Gerard
- Bandiera Alessandro
- Barlow Emma
- Barmasse (Ospedale Regionale Umberto Parini) Roberto
- Barmpagianni Christina
- Baronio (Policlinico San Pietro) Gianluca
- Barra Fabio
- Bartholomew's Hospital) St
- Bartsch Anne-Marie
- Basgaran Amedra
- Basha Amr
- Bashkirova (North Middlesex University Hospital) Varvara
- Bastazza Marco
- BB Sullivan (The Royal London Hospital) Tom
- Beak Philip
- Belcher Elizabeth
- Belgium: Gabrielle H van Ramshorst Sevda Jafarova (Leyla Medical Center).
- Beltr\ue1n de Heredia Juan
- Belvedere Angela
- Ben\uedtez-Linero Inmaculada
- Benjamin Franklin) Campus
- Bergeat Damien
- Bernasconi Matteo
- Bhalla Ashish
- Bhangu Aneel
- Bianco Federica
- Bisagni Pietro
- BJ Borgstein Alexander
- Blake (Southport and Formby District General Hospital) Iain
- Blanco-Colino Ruth
- Blazquez-Martin (Hospital Principe De Asturias) Alma
- Boal Matthew
- Bologna) Ausl
- Bonavina Giulia
- Bonavina Luigi
- Bond-Smith Giles
- Booth (Freeman Hospital) Karen
- Borges Filipe
- Borghi Felice
- Borja De Lacy (Hospital Clinic Barcelona) F
- Bourke Grainne
- Boyle Emily
- Brachini Gioia
- Brain Jessie
- Brar Amanpreet
- Breckles Lisa
- Brendan L Skelly (Altnagelvin Area Hospital) Catherine Rossborough
- Brianza) Carate
- Brixton Genevieve
- Bruzzaniti Placido
- Bueser Teofila
- Burnside Nathan
- C Bosanquet David
- C Brown (Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust Benjamin
- C De Souza Anthony
- C Glasbey James
- C Glasbey James
- C Hopkins James
- C Lauscher Johannes
- C McIntyre Robert
- C Mckay Siobhan
- C Neary Paul
- C Nugent III William
- C Rodriguez-Sanjuan (Marqu\ue9s de Valdecilla University Hospital) Juan
- C Roslani April
- C Tucker Sarah
- C Velmahos (Massachusetts General Hospital) George
- C Winter Stuart
- Caballero Albert
- Cairo University) Mahmoud MA Elfiky (Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine
- Calcerrada-Alises Enrique
- Camacho Fern\ue1ndez-Pacheco (Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil) Borja
- Camarero Enrique
- Campagnaro Tommaso
- Campanelli Michela
- Candiani Massimo
- Cannoletta (Royal Brompton Hospital) Marina
- Cantalejo-Diaz (Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet) Miguel
- Cao Han
- Capizzi Vita
- Carcano (Ospedale di Circolo Giulio
- Carissimi Francesca
- Carlini Massimo
- Carlos Bernal-Sprekelsen Juan
- Carlos Catal\ue1 Bauset (Consorcio Hospital General Universitario) Juan
- Carlucci Michele
- Carmela Giuffrida Maria
- Carmichael Heather
- Carrasco Milagros
- Carrillo Mariana
- Carvello Michele
- Casati Massimiliano
- Castoro Carlo
- Castro Ruiz Carolina
- Catalan Vanesa
- Catriona R Luney (Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre) Benjamin JF Dean
- Cavaleiro Salom\ue9
- Cellerino Paola
- Center Amsterdam) Cancer
- Centinaio (Ospedale Maggiore di Lodi) Giovanna
- Cernei Cristina
- Cervellera Maurizio
- Chakrabortee Sohini
- Chamberlain Stephanie
- Chan Jeffrey
- Chang Grace
- Chaudhry Daoud
- Chebaro Alexandre
- Chen (Jamaica Hospital) David
- Chetty Govind
- Chia (Royal Derby Hospital) Zoe
- Chiappini Ambra
- Chiarugi (Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana) Massimo
- Chidambaram Swathikan
- Chiozza Matteo
- Cholewa Hanna
- Chong (Evelina London Children's Hospital) Clara
- Choolani-Bhojwani Ekta
- Christian Cotsoglou (ASST Vimercate) Stefano Granieri
- Chui Karen
- Chung Choyin
- Cirillo Bruno
- Citterio Davide
- Clermidi Pauline
- Coccolini Federico
- Colletti Gaia
- Compagnoni Bruno
- Concepci\uf3n-Mart\uedn Vanesa
- Confalonieri Marco
- Connolly Hannah
- Conso Christel
- Conti Luigi
- Cooper Zara
- Corral Javier
- Costa Marta
- Costanzi Andrea
- Cox Daniel
- Cozza Valerio
- CR Wormald Justin
- Croatia: Jakov Mihanovic Nicolas Duchateau (Heilig Hart Ziekenhuis Lier).
- CS Clough Ethan
- Cuming Tamzin
- Cuneo)
- Curtis Miles
- Cuschieri Joseph
- D Baron Ryan
- D Bosch Karen
- D Brown Oliver
- D Bueno-Ca\uf1ones Alejandro
- D Cato Liam
- D Drake Thomas
- D Jenkinson Michael
- D Jenkinson Michael
- D Liyanage Aloka S
- D Pinkney Thomas
- D Rajgor Amarkumar
- D Stewart Grant
- D Tebala Giovanni
- D'Agruma Michele
- D'Andrea Giancarlo
- D\uedaz P\ue9rez David
- D\uedaz-Garc\ueda (Hospital Universitario Nuestra Se\uf1ora de Candelaria) Alberto
- Da Roit Anna
- da Saliceto\u201d Patrizio Capelli (Ospedale \u201cG.
- Dare Oliver
- Darko Ebenezer
- Data Monitoring and Ethics Committee: Deborah S Keller H. Hunt Batjer (University of Texas Southwestern).
- Day Andrew
- De Andr\ue9s-Asenjo Beatriz
- de Medicina Facultad
- De Miguel-Ardevines Maria-Carmen
- De Nardi Paola
- De Simone Veronica
- De Toma Giorgio
- Deepti Sinha (University College London Hospital) Nicholas Kalavrezos
- Dehal (Kaiser Permanente Panorama City Medical Center) Ahmed
- Dehart Dustin
- Del Giudice Roberto
- Delgado-Oliver Eduardo
- Denmark: Henry G Smith Bernarda Bakmaz (Zadar General Hospital).
- Denning Max
- Desai Anant
- Desender (Ghent University Hospital) Liesbeth
- Dester (ASST Valcamonica Ospedale di Esine) Sara
- Di Candido Francesca
- Di Chiara Francesco
- Di Franco Gregorio
- Di Giuseppe (Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale del Canton Ticino) Matteo
- Di Saverio Salomone
- Di Saverio Salomone
- Di Saverio Salomone
- Di Saverio Salomone
- Diaz-Pe\uf1a Patricia
- Dieguez Fernandez Beatriz
- Dissemination Committee: Michel Adamina Aneel Bhangu.
- Dolores Del Toro M
- Domodossola
- Doussot Alexandre
- Duff Sarah
- Dunning Joel
- Dunstan Matt
- Duque-Mallen Victoria
- Dziakova Jana
- E Canova Michaela
- e Carle Hospital Chiara Peluso (Santa Croce
- e Carlo ASST Santi Paolo
- E Dawson Brett
- E Dickson Kathryn
- E Hudson Victoria
- E Jenny (Johns Hopkins Hospital) Hillary
- E Lewis Sophia
- E Nita George
- e Oftalmico) Giulio Iacob (Ospedale Fatebenefratelli
- E P\ue9rez-S\ue1nchez Luis
- E Rice Henry
- E Ssentongo Anna
- e Universit\ue1rio de Coimbra) Ana C Almeida (Centro Hospitalar
- E Xyda Souzana
- Edward Fitzgerald J
- EF Abbott Tom
- EF Abbott Tom
- Egan Richard
- Egypt: Mohamed El Kassas University of Copenhagen).
- El Youzouri Hanan
- El-Ali (Queen's Hospital Abess
- Elaine YL Leung (The Pan Birmingham Gynaecological Cancer Centre) Sudha Sundar
- Elfeki Hossam
- Elhadi Muhammed
- Eljareh (Aljalaa Hospital) Mohammed
- Elkadi Hannah
- Elkady Ramy
- Elkhafeefi Fatimah
- Elmore Ugo
- Elmoslemany (The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust) Tarek
- EM Bouhuwaish Ahmad
- EM Brathwaite Collin
- Emmerson (North Manchester General Hospital) Oliver
- Enemosah Ibrahim
- English Camilla
- English William
- Ereidge Simon
- Escartin Jorge
- Estaire-Gomez Mercedes
- EuroSurg
- Evans (Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother Hospital Margate) Jessica
- Exley Rebecca
- F Bath Michael
- F Cunha Miguel
- F Cunha Miguel
- F Davis Niall
- F Ridgway Paul
- Fabbri Nicol\uf3
- Falco Giuseppe
- Familiari Pietro
- Fancellu (Cliniche San Pietro Alessandro
- Fanjul G\uf3mez Mar\ueda
- Farik Shebani
- Farr\ue9 Font Roser
- Farrell Tony
- Fehervari Matyas
- Fell Adam
- Fern\ue1ndez- Mart\uednez Mar\ueda
- Fern\ue1ndez-Gomez Cruzado (Hospital Urduliz) Laura
- Fern\ue1ndez-Mar\uedn Reyes
- Fernandez-Camu\uf1as Angel
- Ferrara)
- Ferrara Francesco
- Ferrari Guglielmo
- Ferrero Simone
- FF Simoes Joana
- FF Simoes Joana
- Findlay Laura
- Fiore Marco
- Fiore Marco
- Fiori Enrico
- FJ Dunne Declan
- Flatman Michael
- Flindall Ian
- Fontana (Vittorio Emanuele Tommaso
- Ford (The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital) David
- Ford Samuel
- Forlani Stefano
- Fr\ue9d\ue9ric Bretagnol (H\uf4pital Louis-Mourier - GHU AP-HP. Nord - Universit\ue9 de Paris) David Moszkowicz
- France: Zaher Lakkis Mohamed Sherief (MISR Cancer Center/MISR International Hospital).
- Francisco de Vitoria Universidad
- Francone Elisa
- Frattaruolo Colomba
- Frio (Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna Federico
- Frosinone)
- G Aoun Salah
- G Barranquero Alberto
- G Blazer III Dan
- G Collins Chris
- G Edwards John
- G Edwards John
- G Morton Dion
- G Povey Meical
- G Velopulos Catherine
- G Wade Ryckie
- Gabriel Kinnaman (IU Health Methodist Hospital) Ashley D Meagher
- Gagliano Annalisa
- Gagliardi Filippo
- Gahunia Sukhpreet
- Gala Tanzeela
- Galfrascoli Elisa
- Galimberti Luca
- Galindo Jara (Hospital Universitario de Torrej\uf3n Pablo
- Gallagher Phoebe
- Galleano Raffaele
- Gallo Gaetano
- Gallo Gaetano
- Gallo Gaetano
- Galv\ue1n-P\ue9rez Armando
- Gamal Amira Ibrahim Sallam
- Gammeri Emanuele
- Ganau Mario
- Garc\ue9s-Garc\ueda Ra\ufal
- Garcia Fernandez Andres
- Garcia-Conde Delgado Maria
- Garulli (Ospedale Infermi di Rimini) Gianluca
- Gascon-Ferrer Isabel
- Gattolin (Regina Montis Regalis Hospital Andrea
- Gaujoux Sebastien
- Gentilli Sergio
- Georgiades Fanourios
- Germany: Carsten Kamphues Didier Ollat (Institut Mutualiste Montsouris).
- Gerogiannis (Kingston Hospital NHS Foundation Trust) Ioannis
- Ghanbari (Homerton University Hospital) Amir
- Ghosh Dhruv
- Giacometti Marco
- Giblin Anna-Victoria
- Gilbert (Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust) Catherine
- Gim\ue9nez Clara
- Giorgakis Emmanouil
- Gipponi Manuel
- Glen Paul
- GlobalPaedSurg GlobalSurg
- Goatly Giles
- Gobatti (San Carlo Borromeo Hospital Davide
- Godbole Chintamani
- Gohil Kajal
- Gomez-Rosado Juan-Carlos
- Gonullu Emre
- Gonzalez-De Miguel Melania
- Gonzalez-Gonzalez Enrique
- Gordini Luca
- Gracia Isabel
- Gracia-Roche Carlos
- Greece: Konstantinos Bouchagier Markus W L\uf6ffler (University Hospital Tu\u308bingen).
- Green Susanna
- Grivon Manuela
- Grove (Department of Colorectal Surgery Thomas
- Guaglio Marcello
- Guaitoli (Perrino) Eleonora
- Guglielmi Alfredo
- Guha Soumya
- Gustavino (Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa) Claudio
- Guti\ue9rrez Samaniego Mar\ueda
- H Babu Bheemanakone
- H Chowdhury Abeed
- H Davidson Giana
- H Davidson Giana
- H Davidson Giana
- H Elfallal Ahmed
- H Emile Sameh
- H Kirmani Bilal
- H Liu Helen
- H Murphy Suzanne
- H van Ramshorst Gabrielle
- H\uf6lzle Frank
- Habeeb Amir
- Hagger Robert
- Hakmi Hazim
- Halkias Constantine
- Halkias Constantine
- Hampton (Rotherham District General Hospital) Matthew
- Handa Siddhartha
- Haq Iram
- Harky (Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital) Amer
- Harries (Morriston Hospital Rhiannon
- Harrison Joseph
- Hasan Raashad
- Hawari Mohammad
- Hawkin Paul
- Hebblethwaite Bethany
- Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust) St
- Heritage Emily
- Hernandez Garcia Miguel
- Hernandez-Juara Pilar
- Herrero-Lopez Maria
- Hervieux Erik
- Heyd Bruno
- Higgs Simon
- Hitchman (Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust) Louise
- Ho Beatrice
- Hogan Aisling
- Hospital of Varese University
- Hospital Universitario del Henares) Miguel Angel Garcia-Ure\uf1a (Universidad Francisco de Vitoria
- Hospital) Atakent
- Hospital) Wythenshawe
- Hossain Tanvir
- Houston Roy
- Hurt Libor
- HV Byrne Matthew
- i Pujol) Alba Zarate (Hospital Germans Trias
- I Roxo (Brigham and Women's Hospital) Vanessa
- I van Berge Henegouwen (Amsterdam UMC Mark
- I Alessandro Di Bartolomeo (Policlinico Umberto
- Iannone Immacolata
- Ibrahim Sherif
- Iovino Domenico
- Ireland: Arnold DK Hill Paraskevi Tourountzi (Kavala General Hospital).
- Isik Arda
- Israel: Oded Zmora Thomas M Aherne (Galway University Hospital).
- Italy: Maurizio Zizzo Nadav Kugler (Shamir Medical Center).
- J Abbott Sarah
- J Baker Olivia
- J Baldwin Alexander
- J Beamish Andrew
- J Carlos William
- J Caruana Edward
- J Caruana Edward
- J Davies Emma
- J Diaz Jose
- J Doe Matthew
- J Eardley Nicola
- J Fern\ue1ndez Antonio
- J G\uf3mez D\uedaz Carlos
- J Hainsworth Alison
- J Hall Bria
- J Holme Thomas
- J Hutchinson Peter
- J Hutchinson Peter
- J Kalkwarf Kyle
- J Lin Daniel
- J Lowery Aoife
- J McCluney Simon
- J Mehigan Brian
- J Mills Sarah
- J Pachl (Birmingham Children's Hospital) Max
- J Rogers Luke
- J Ryan \uc9anna
- J Scurrah Rachel
- J Shackcloth Michael
- J Smart Neil
- J Steinkamp Pieter
- J Tejero-Pintor Francisco
- J Thomas Amy
- J Torres Antonio
- J Warren Oliver
- J Warren Oliver
- J Williams Katherine
- James RW Hall (Stepping Hill Hospital) Claire Hall
- James's Hospital) Conor P Barry (St.
- Jamil Tahir
- Jayaraju (University Hospital of Wales) Ullas
- Jenner Edward
- JG Chase Thomas
- Jha Shane Lester (James Cook University Hospital) Madan
- Jimenez-Higuera Elisa
- Jimeno Jaime
- JM Dunne Naomi
- JM Ferguson Henry
- Jo\ue3o Lima Maria
- Johnstone Jack
- Jones Mark
- Jordan: Mahmoud Al-Masri Gela).
- JS Wall Joshua
- Judkins Nicholas
- JW Wilkin Richard
- K Abou Chaar Mohamad
- K Ambler Graeme
- K Bankhead-Kendall Brittany
- K Bankhead-Kendall Brittany
- K Bankhead-Kendall Brittany
- K Brown Allison
- K Fusai Giuseppe
- K Gill Charn
- K Kamarajah Sivesh
- K Patel Panna
- K Ubhi Harmony
- K Weerasinghe Chamindri
- K\uf6nigsrainer Alfred
- Kalidindi Venugopala
- Kamal Mona
- Kang Chong
- Kara Yasin
- Karam Edward
- Karim Ahmed
- Kashora Florence
- KC Jonker (University Medical Center Groningen (University of Groningen) Pascal
- Kearney (Beaumont Hospital) David
- Khajuria Apoorva
- Khan Azam
- Khan Umul
- Khatri Chetan
- Kinross James
- Kler Aaron
- Klimopoulos (Evangelismos General Hospital) Serafeim
- Kocata\u15f (Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital) Ali
- Kolias Angelos
- Kolias Angelos
- Kontovounisios Christos
- Kourdouli (Leicester Royal Infirmary) Amar
- Krishnan Emily
- Kristinsson Sverrir
- Kruijff Schelto
- KS Viswanath Yirupaiahgari
- Kudsk-Iversen S\uf8ren
- Kufeji Dorothy
- Kulkarni Rugved
- Kurihara Hayato
- L Biffl Walter
- L Coleman Natasha
- L Collins Michelle
- L Engel (Temple University Hospital) Jamie
- L Fowler Amy
- L Garcia Galocha Jose
- L Hughes Jane
- L J\uf6nsson (Bispebjerg Hospital Maria
- L Labib Peter
- L Marsh (Scripps Memorial Hospital) Christopher
- L McKevitt Kevin
- L Osorio Alexander
- L Romera Jose
- L Serevina Olivia
- L Venn Mary
- L Venn Mary
- L Venn Mary
- L Wright Franklin
- L Young Alastair
- L\ue1zaro Andr\ue9
- La Torre Filippo
- Laface (Ospedale Vittorio Emanuele III Letizia
- Lami Mariam
- Landaluce-Olavarria Aitor
- Laura Hansen 9
- Lawani Ismail
- Lawday (Southmead Hospital) Samuel
- Lawday Samuel
- Le Roy Bertrand
- Lecco) Asst
- Lecolle Katia
- Lederhuber Hans
- Lederhuber Hans
- Leeds)
- Leicester)
- Leventoglu Sezai
- Li Elizabeth
- Li Elizabeth
- Li Zoe
- Libya: Ghadah Z Alkadeeki Hani Al-Najjar (King Hussein Cancer Center).
- Liew Ignatius
- Ligure (SV) Pietra
- Lima Buarque Igor
- Lisi Giorgio
- Lizzi Vincenzo
- Lo Terence
- Lombardia) Regione
- Lomiento Daniele
- Longhi Marco
- Lopez Antonanzas (Hospital Clinico San Carlos Leyre
- Losada Ruiz Manuel
- Lostis Emilie
- Lostoridis Eftychios
- Loubani Mahmoud
- Lowy- Benoliel Alejandro
- Lucianetti (Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital) Alessandro
- Luigi MP Marino Cosentino (PO San Filippo Neri - ASL ROMA 1) Andrea Sagnotta
- luis Blas Laina Juan
- Luke Evans (Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital) Mina MG Youssef
- Luke Louis
- Lunevicius Raimundas
- Luraghi Marco
- Lye George
- M Alrahawy (Menofiya University Hospital) Mahmoud
- M Andreani Stefano
- M Ashoush Fouad
- M Bajomo Oreoluwa
- M Blundell Chris
- M Cicerchia Pierfranco
- M Connolly Tara
- M Diez-Alonso Manuel
- M Dur\ue1n-Mu\uf1oz-Cruzado (Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio) Virginia
- M Emslie Katy
- M Harrison Ewen
- M Holbrook Charlotte
- M Isolani Simone
- M Keatley James
- M Leite-Moreira Andr\ue9
- M Mithany Reda H
- M Mohan Helen
- M Mohan Helen
- M Monteiro Joana
- M Morgom (Tripoli Central Hospital) Marwa
- M Muguerza Jose
- M Nunes Quentin
- M Nygaard Rachel
- M Omar Aneel Bhangu Omar
- M Philp Matthew
- M Pollok Joerg
- M Rooney Siobhan
- M Sampietro Gianluca
- M Sewards Joseph
- M Tang Alethea
- M Trout Isobel
- M Walters (Harborview Medical Center Andrew
- MA Kaafarani Haytham
- MA Kaafarani Haytham
- MA Kaafarani Haytham
- Maarten van Heinsbergen (VieCuri Medisch Centrum) Joop Konsten
- Mabrouk Islam
- Macchi Alberto
- MacDonald Luisa
- Machairas (Royal Free Hospital) Nikolaos
- Madonini Marco
- Madrid)
- Madrid)
- Magalh\ue3es Maia Mariana
- Magne Augestad Knut
- Magowan Drew
- Maha H Haqqani (Boston Medical Center) Frederick T Drake
- Maisonneuve Emeline
- Majkowska Agata
- Majkowski (Northern General Hospital Lawrence
- Mak (Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham) Jason
- Malabarba Stefano
- Malerba Michele
- Maninder Kalkat 7
- Mannan Syed
- Manson Joanna
- Mansuri Ahmer
- Mantoglu (Sakarya University Research and Educational Hospital) Baris
- Manu Nichola
- Manzoni 56 Via
- Maqsood Afnan
- Marano Alessandra
- Marchbank Adrian
- Marcos-Santos Pablo
- Marinos Kouris (Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust) Spyros
- Marqueta De Salas Maria
- Marrano Enrico
- Mart\uedn-Rom\ue1n Lorena
- Mart\uednez P\ue9rez Carolina
- Mart\uednez-dePaz Fernando
- Martel Lozano Saida
- Martin (St Mary's Hospital) Guy
- Martin Emmeline
- Martin Janet
- Martin-Albo Lorena
- Martine Uittenbogaart (M\ue1xima Medical Center) Wouter KG Leclercq
- Martinelli Fabio
- Martinez-German Antonio
- Martinez-Pinedo Carlos
- Martins Ricardo
- Marwan Hisham
- Marzi Federica
- MAS Baig Mirza
- Mateos-Sierra (Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\uf1\uf3n) Olga
- Mater Studiorum University of Bologna) Alma
- Mathieu (CHU Besan\ue7on) Pierre
- Matute-Najarro Maria-Soledad
- Maw Andrew
- Mazingi Dennis
- Mazzaferro (Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Vincenzo
- McCanny (Antrim Area Hospital) Andrew
- McKenzie Katherine
- McLarty (Northumbria NHS Hospital Trust) Nicola
- McPherson Iain
- Medina Esther
- Mediratta Saniya
- Medone Marzia
- Mehra (Guy's and St Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust) Gautam
- Mele Simone
- Melero-Cort\ue9s Lidia
- Melody Baeza (Morales Meseguer University Hospital) Jos\ue9 Aguilar
- Mendon\ue7a Ata\uedde Gomes Gustavo
- Mendoza-Moreno Fernando
- Meneghini Simona
- Merate
- Mercante Giuseppe
- Merdrignac (Rennes University Hospital) Aude
- Metallidis Symeon
- Michel (Pinderfields Hospital) Martin
- Migliore Marco
- Milan)
- Milan)
- Milan)
- Miller Douglas
- Minaya- Bravo Ana
- Minaya-Bravo Ana
- Minaya-Bravo Ana
- Minaya-Bravo Ana
- Mingoli Andrea
- Minto Gary
- Mirabella Antonello
- Misra Nikhil
- Mitrasinovic Stefan
- Miu Victor
- Moawad (Royal Victoria Hospital) Nader
- Mochet Sylvie
- Modabber Ali
- Mohammad Adam
- Mohan Midhun
- Moliner-S\ue1nchez Carmen
- Mondov\uec)
- Mongelli Francesco
- Monteleone (Ospedale San Leopoldo Mandic Michela
- Montuori Mauro
- Moore Rachel
- Mora-Guzm\ue1n (Hospital Santa B\ue1rbara) Ismael
- Morales Dieter
- Morales Xavier
- Morelli Luca
- Morelli Lucia
- Morgan Richard
- Morris Chris
- Mortini Pietro
- Mosca Angelo
- Moszkowicz David
- Moszkowicz David
- Motter Dema
- Moug Susan
- Mukherjee Samrat
- Munoz Rivas Ana
- Murcia)
- N Bence Matthew
- N Hopkinson David
- N Mashbari Hassan
- N Mashbari Hassan
- N Mashbari Hassan
- N Naumann David
- N Rao Jagan
- N Townshend David
- N\ufa\uf1ez Jordi
- Najdy Manhal
- Nakas (Glenfield Hospital Apostolos
- Namazov Ilgar
- Naredla Pradyumna
- Nasef Emmhamed
- Nassa Heeam
- Nath Rahul
- Navarro-S\ue1nchez Antonio
- Nazarian (Bupa Cromwell Hospital) Scarlet
- Neal Bhutiani (University of Louisville Hospital and Norton Hospital) Robert CG Martin
- Negri Giampiero
- Nehra Deepika
- Neil-Dwyer Jason
- Nepogodiev Dmitri
- Nepogodiev Dmitri
- Nepogodiev Dmitri
- Neri Jacopo
- Netherlands: Suzanne S Gisbertz Mustafa R Bulugma (Zawia Teaching Hospital). Mexico: Fernando Cordera (ABC Medical Center).
- Newton (Manchester Royal Infirmary) Katy
- Nikaj (Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Maggiore della Carit\ue0 Herald
- Niquen Milagros
- Nobile (Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona) Sara
- Nogueiro Jorge
- Nogues Pevidal (Royo Villanova) Ana
- Novara)
- Ntirenganya Faustin
- Nugent Michael
- O Ademuyiwa Adesoji
- O Kavanagh Dara
- O Larkin John
- Oca\uf1a Juan
- of Amsterdam University
- of Ferrara) University
- of Insubria University
- of Milan) University
- of Surgeons in Training (ASiT) Association
- of Surgery) Department
- of Washington) University
- Okafor Barbara U.
- Okechukwu Valentine
- Oliva-Mompean (Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena) Fernando
- Oliveira Ana
- OM Abdalla Mutwakil
- Omar M Omar
- OO Ayorinde John
- Osagie-Clouard (Epsom &
- Osman (Walsall Manor Hospital) Khabab
- Ottolina Jessica
- Ourieff (Mount Sinai Hospital) Jared
- Outani Oumaima
- Oyewole Bankole
- P Arnaud Alexis
- P Arnaud Alexis
- P Arnaud Alexis
- P Baker Markus
- P Belgaumkar Ajay
- P Boddy Alexander
- P Duffy (Nottingham City Hospital) John
- P Evans Jonathan
- P Hazelton Joshua
- P Jones Andrew
- P Jones Robert
- P Joyce Doireann
- P Kisiel Aaron
- P Pezzuto Anna
- P Singh Rabindra
- P\ue9rez-Gonz\ue1lez Marta
- P\ue9rez-Saborido Baltasar
- Pacheco-Sanchez David
- Padilla-Valverde (Hospital General Universitario De Ciudad Real) David
- Pai (Hammersmith Hospital) Madhava
- Paiella Salvatore
- Paisley (Brighton and Sussex NHS Trust Samuel
- Palermo)
- Palini Gianmarco
- Palmeri Matteo
- Parente Alessandro
- Parlanti Daniele
- Parmar Chetan
- Pascual Angela
- Pata Francesco
- Pata Francesco
- Patel Mahul
- Pathak Abhijit
- Patil Sangram
- Pattyn Piet
- Peckham- Cooper Adam
- Pedram Panahi (University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust) Mariam Rela
- Pedrazzani Corrado
- Pellino Gianluca
- Pereira Andr\ue9
- Pereira-Neves Ant\uf3nio
- Perez-Diaz Md
- Perivoliotis (General University Hospital of Larissa) Konstantinos
- Perkins Clare
- Perotto (CHU Saint Etienne) Ornella
- Perra Teresa
- Petrone Patrizio
- Phenix George
- Piacenza)
- Picazo Sara
- Picon-Rodriguez Rafael
- Piloni Martina
- Pingarr\uf3n-Mart\uedn Lorena
- Pinotti Enrico
- Pizzini Paolo
- PM de Vries Jean-Paul
- Pockney Peter
- Podolsky Dina
- Poggioli Gilberto
- Pompili Cecilia
- Pontari Michael
- Porcu Alberto
- Portugal: Hugo Santos-Sousa Pakistan: Mariyah Anwer (Jinnah postgraduate medical center).
- Potter (Royal Bournemouth Hospital) Ryan
- Price Claire
- Prita Daliya 8
- Pruvot (Lille University Hospital) Fran\ue7ois-Ren\ue9
- PTSurg ItSURG
- Pujol-Muncunill Roger
- Puppo Andrea
- Q Mehdi (University of Texas Medical Branch) Mohammad
- Quante Markus
- Quintana-Villamandos Bego\uf1a
- Qureshi Ali
- R Burke Joshua
- R Davidson Brian
- R Dixon Jan
- R Fretwell Kenneth
- R Gujjuri Rohan
- R Gujjuri Rohan
- R Kowal Mikolaj
- R O\u2019Neill John
- R Sarma Diwakar
- R Spalding Duncan
- R Springford Laurie
- Rachel Baumber (Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital) James T Parry
- Radenkovic Dejan
- Rahman Saad (Medway Maritime Hospital) Abdel
- Rakvin Ivan
- Ramallo-Sol\ueds Irene
- Ramcharan Sean
- Ramos Diego
- Ramos-Bonilla Antonio
- Ramos-De la Medina Antonio
- Ramzi Joussi
- Rathinam Sridhar
- Rausa Emanuele
- Ravaioli Matteo
- Ravindran Sharanya
- Raymond (Royal Lancaster Infirmary) Thomas
- Razik Aisha
- Redfern (Furness General Hospital) Jennifer
- Reguera-Rosal Julio
- Rey-Biel Juan
- Rey-Valcarcel Cristina
- RG Sheel Andrea
- Ribolla Marta
- Richards Tomos
- Richmond (University of Maryland Medical Center) Michael
- Righini (Ospedale del Delta Erminio
- Rio-Gomez Javier
- Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello Ospedali
- Riyat Harjoat
- Rizvi Sana
- Roberts Keith
- Roberts Matthew
- Robertson (University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire) Stuart
- Robertson (University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences) Ronald
- Robin-Valle Alvaro
- Rochon Melissa
- Rojo Mikel
- Rolli Luigi
- Romano Silvio
- Rome)
- Romford)
- Ross Elizabeth
- Ross Howard
- Rottoli Matteo
- Royal Hospital) Princess
- Ruiz (Hospital General Universitario Reina Sof\ueda Miguel
- Ruiz- Grande Fernando
- Ruiz-Martin (Rey Juan Carlos University Hospital) Irene
- Ruiz-Soriano (Hospital Cl\uednico Universitario de Valladolid) Mar\ueda
- Ruzzenente Andrea
- Ryska Ondrej
- S Abdelaal (Alexandria Main University Hospital) Ahmed
- S Al Maadany Faraj
- S Faria Carlos
- S Hammond John
- S Hossain Fahad
- S Jeyaretna Deva
- S Jones Conor
- S Khan (Queen Alexandra Hospital) Jim
- S Moura Francisco
- S Ng-Kamstra Joshua
- S Sica Giuseppe
- S Tamimy Muhammad
- S Wadley Martin
- S\ue1nchez- Arteaga Alejandro
- SA Taher Ahmed
- Saez Carlos
- Sahnan Kapil
- Sahni Arun
- Salim Ali
- Salvia Roberto
- Sammarco Giuseppe
- Sampaio-Alves Mafalda
- San Miguel-Mendez Carlos
- Sanchez del Pueblo Cristina
- Sanchez-Fuentes Maria-Nieves
- Sanchez-Pelaez Daniel
- Sanchez-Perez Coral
- Sanchez-Rubio Maria
- Sancho-Muriel Jorge
- Sanchon Fructuoso Lorena
- Sanders Julie
- Santero-Ramirez Maria-Pilar
- Santora Thomas
- Santoro Antonio
- Santos Irene
- Sapienza Paolo
- Sartarelli (Sant\u2019Orsola Hospital Lodovico
- Sarveswaran Janahan
- Sasia Diego
- Sassari) A. O. U.
- Saudemont Alain
- Saudi-Moro Sef
- Saxena Dolly
- Saxena Shobhit
- Sayasneh Ahmad
- Scalabre Aurelien
- Schache Andrew
- Schiavina Riccardo
- Schineis (Charit\ue9 University Medicine Christian
- Schreckenbach Teresa
- Scorza Antonella
- Scott Lucy
- Seegert (ProMedica Toledo Hospital) Sara
- Seguin-Givelet Agathe
- Senent-Boza Ana
- Serrano Gonz\ue1lez Javier
- Sette Laghi Asst
- Seymour Keith
- Shabana Amanda
- Shah (The Whittington Hospital) Sujay
- Shah Jigar
- Shah Karishma
- Shah Preena
- Shakir Taner
- Shalaby (Mansoura University Hospital) Mostafa
- Shankar (Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Sushma
- Shaw Richard
- Sheffield)
- Shehata Sameh
- Shelley Hwang E.
- Shen Ban Vin
- Shenfine Amy
- Sheridan Kelda
- Sherief Ahmed
- Sherif Mohamed
- Shinkwin Michael
- Shu Sebastian
- Siaw-Acheampong Kwabena
- Sileri (San Raffaele Scientific Institute Pierpaolo
- Singh Abhinav
- Singh Shailendra
- Sinha Sanjay
- Siragusa (Policlinico Tor Vergata Hospital Leandro
- Sivaprakasam Rajesh
- Sivayoganathan Sriharan
- SJ Ledesma Frances
- Smillie Robert
- Smith (Countess of Chester Hospital) Claire
- Smith Andrew
- Smith Christopher
- Sochorova (Royal Liverpool University Hospital) Dana
- Society of Coloproctology (ESCP) European
- Society of Colorectal Surgery (SICCR) Italian
- Soggiu Fiammetta
- Sohrabi (St Bartholomew's Hospital) Catrin
- Sohrabi (Whipps Cross University Hospital) Catrin
- Sohrabi Catrin
- Solari (Royal Gwent Hospital) Francesca
- Solli Piergiorgio
- Soreide Kjetil
- Soto Montesinos Cristina
- SpainSurg
- Spinelli Antonino
- Spinelli Antonino
- Spoletini (Sant'Eugenio Hospital) Domenico
- Spriano Giuseppe
- Sravanam Sanskrithi
- Ssentongo (Pennsylvania State University) Paddy
- Stanger Sophie
- Stavroulias Dionisios
- Steel (Sunderland Royal Hospital) Ben
- Stella Marco
- Stewart Robbie
- Stringer Sally
- Sudan: Osman M Ali Elima P Cagigal- Ortega (Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa).
- Sulen Nina
- Sundar Sudha
- Sundhu (Aintree University Hospital) Matthew
- Surgical Research Collaborative (ISRC) Irish
- Suri (University of California Davis Health Avni
- Swansea)
- Switzerland: Dimitri Christoforidis Ali A Ali karar (Al-rajhi).
- Syed Arooj
- Szatmary Peter
- T Colonna Emily
- T Enjuto Diego
- T Montella (Azienda Unit\ue0 Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia) Maria
- TA Neely David
- Tabiri Stephen
- Tadross Daniel
- Taglietti Lucio
- Tansey (Princess Alexandra Hospital) Rosamond
- Tartaglia Dario
- Tawheed (Endemic Medicine Department Ahmed
- Tayeh Salim
- Testa Valentina
- Tewari Nilanjana
- Thoenissen Philipp
- Thomas (Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust) Kane
- Thrush Jessica
- Tierney Sean
- Tiwari Abhinav
- Tobias Teles (Hospital de Cascais - Dr. Jos\ue9 de Almeida) Pedro A Serralheiro
- Toledo Enrique
- Tonini Valeria
- Torkington Jared
- Torzilli Guido
- Totty Joshua
- Tousidonis Manuel
- Townend Philip
- Townsend Catherine
- Trompeter (St George's Hospital) Alex
- Trotta Francesco
- Truant St\ue9phanie
- Trujillo-D\uedaz Jeancarlos
- Tsoulfas George
- Tsoulfas Georgios
- Turco Celia
- Turkey: Volkan Ozben Georgios Peros (Kantonsspital Winterthur).
- Turrado- Rodriguez Victor
- Turri Giulia
- Tustin (Cumberland Infirmary) Harry
- Tyler Jayne
- Tzedakis Stylianos
- Tzovaras George
- Ullah Ramzan
- Unit\ue0 Sanitaria Locale di Ferrara Azienda
- United Kingdom: Richard J Davies Alp Yildiz (Yildirim Beyazit University Yenimahalle Training and Research Hospital).
- United States: John RT Monson (AdventHealth Orlando) Lavinia Onos (York Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust).
- University Hospitals NHS Trust) Nottingham
- University of Rome) Sapienza
- University) Goethe
- University) Helwan
- Urban (University of Colorado Hospital) Shane
- Urbani (Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria San'Anna Alessia
- Usai Antonella
- V Bhavaraju Avi
- V Comini Lara
- V Feo Carlo
- V Marino Marco
- V Shaw Abigail
- V\ue1zquez- Fern\ue1ndez Andrea
- Vaccarella (Azienda Ospedaliera Gianpaolo
- Valdes- Hernandez Javier
- Valsecchi Luca
- Vashisht Rajiv
- VCO) Asl
- Venkatesan (Glan Clwyd Hospital) Gowtham
- Vera-Mansilla Cristina
- Vergari (Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona) Roberto
- Vescio (University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro) Giuseppina
- Vidya Raghavan
- Vieira (Centro Hospital Universit\ue1rio S\ue3oJo\ue3o) Paula
- Vijay Vardhini
- Vimalachandran Dale
- Vimalachandran Dale
- Violante Tommaso
- Vovola Fernanda
- Vulliamy Paul
- W Endorf (Hennepin Healthcare) Frederick
- W Etchill Eric
- W L\uf6ffler Markus
- W L\uf6ffler Markus
- Wall Rosemary
- Wallwork Kate
- Ward Alex
- Warwick (University Hospital Southampton) David
- Waseem Saima
- Weaver Helen
- Wells Fiona
- Wen Jiaxin
- West Raha
- Whitehall Emma
- Wild Laura
- Wilkins Alex
- Williams Gethin
- Williams Matthew
- Winnand (University Hospital Aachen) Philipp
- Wong (Addenbrooke's Hospital) Ken
- Worku (Queen\u2019s Medical Centre Dawit
- Wright Naomi
- WS Ho (Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust Michael
- WT Ngu Albert
- y Cajal) Cristina Cerro (Hospital Universitario Ram\uf3n
- Y Oo (Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Aung
- y Polit\ue9cnico La Fe) Blas Flor (Hospital Universitario
- Y van der Plas Willemijn
- Yalamanchili Seema
- Yershov (South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust) Danylo
- Young Richard
- Yousra Ahmed (Portsmouth Hospital NHS Trust) Simon Toh
- Yurttas Can
- Zadegan Frederic
- Zafar (Northwick Park Hospital) Noman
- Zakaria Rasheed
- Zambon Martina
- Zanini Nicola
- ZE Durst Alexander
- Zerbib Philippe
- Zonta (Ospedale San Biagio Sandro
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2020
- Field of study
Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research
Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries
- Author
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- Šantak G.
- Šimko K.
- Žatecký J.
- Publication venue
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Publication date
- 01/07/2023
- Field of study
Background
Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres.
Methods
This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries.
Results
In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia.
Conclusion
This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries
Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries
- Author
- Abad-Motos Ane
- Abbas Ahmed M.
- Abbas Mostafa
- Abbasi Mujeeb
- Abbott Tom
- Abd Karim Muhammad Fairuz Shah
- Abdalaal Ibrahim
- Abdel-Galil Khalid
- Abdelemam Rania
- Abdelgawad Abdalrahman
- Abdelkarim Maryam
- Abdelkhalek Mohamed
- Abdelmageed Abdelfatah
- Abdelmawgoud Sherif
- Abdelmohsen Sarah
- Abdelrahman Ahmed Saber
- Abdelrahman Mostafa
- Abdelwahab Khaled
- Abdou Hossam
- Abdulai Darling Ramatu
- Abdulkhaleq Marwa
- Abdullah Bahiyah
- Abdulsalam Khalifa
- Abdulsalam Shuaib
- Abdur-Rahman Lukman
- Abdus-Salam Rukiyat
- Abdussalam Hameedat Opeyemi
- Abebrese John Tabiri
- Abeldaño Ariel
- Abou-Khalil Jad
- Abou-Taleb Hisham
- Abozid Anwaar
- Abozied Hesham
- Abrate Alberto
- Abu-Zaid Ahmed
- Abubakar Mohammed Kabir
- Abud Burçin
- Abuzaid Mohammed
- Adam Albushra Altayeb
- Adamina Michel
- Adamou Harissou
- Adamu Auwal
- Adamu Kabir Musa
- Adanu Kekeli
- Adebara Idowu
- Adebola Oluwaseyi
- Ademuyiwa Adesoji
- Adeniran Abiodun
- Adepiti Akinfolarin
- Aderogba Adeleke Akeem
- Adesunkanmi Abdulhafiz
- Adeyeye Ademola
- Adisa Adewale
- Adjeso Theophilus Justus Kofi
- Ads Adel Mohamed
- Ads Alaa Mohamed
- Adu-Aryee Nii Armah
- Adumah Collins
- Afzal Irrum
- Agapov Mikhail
- Agarwal Gaurav
- Agarwal Ravi
- Agbeko Anita Eseenam
- Agbeno Evans Kofi
- Agbonrofo Peter
- Agboola Oluseyi
- Aggarwal Gaurav
- Aghadi Ifeanyi
- Aghtarafi Natasha
- Agrawal Amit
- Agresta Ferdinando
- Aguado Héctor J.
- Aguilera-Arevalo Maria-Lorena
- Aherne Thomas
- Ahmad Aline
- Ahmad Maleeha
- Ahmad Misbahu
- Ahmad Sarwat
- Ahmad Shahzaib
- Ahmad Shoaib
- Ahmed Hayat Tarig Abdelhafiz
- Ahmed Khalid
- Ahmed Sharwany
- Ahmed Shima
- Ahmed Usama
- Aisuodionoe-Shadrach Oseremen
- Aitken Sarah
- Ajenifuja Kayode
- Ajiya Abdulrazak
- Akeel Nouf
- Akin Emrah
- Akinajo Opeyemi
- Akinyemi Tosin
- Akrida Ioanna
- Aktokmakyan Talar Vartanoglu
- Akwaisah Ayoub
- Al Bettar Osama
- Al-Badawi Ismail A.
- Al-Juaifari Maytham
- Al-Khyatt Waleed
- Al-Mallah Abdullah
- Al-Nusairi Ahmed
- Al-Saadi Nina
- Al-Sayaghi Khaled
- Al-Shaiji Tariq
- Al-Shehari Mohammed
- Al-Touny Aiman
- Al-Touny Shimaa A.
- Aladawi Omar
- Aladna Abdallah
- Alali Mahmoud
- Alam Mahmood
- Alam Mohammed Shadrul
- Alarabi Rehab
- Alawneh Yazan
- Alayande Barnabas
- Albanese Erminia
- Albayadi Eslam
- Albdour Maram
- Alconchel Felipe
- Alderazi Amer
- Alegbeleye Bamidele
- Alekberli Tural
- Alemu Misganaw Alemu Adimass
- Alexander Philip
- Alfieri Alex
- Algahtany Khaled
- Algarni Kamal
- Alhamad Ameen
- Alhamid Mohammad
- Alharmi Rawan A. Rahman
- Alharthi Mohammed
- Alhazmi Barrag
- Ali Mohamed Shafi Mahboob
- Ali Stephen
- Alibrahim Hidar
- Aljaaly Hattan
- Aljaiuossi Anas
- Aljanadi Firas
- Aljiffry Murad
- Aljirdabi Noof
- Alkahlan Mohammed
- Alkhalifa Elmustafa
- Alkhatib Sondos
- Alkhatieb Maram
- Allan Anna
- Almarshad Felwa
- Almgla Naser
- Almhimid Ali
- Almiqlash Bushray
- Almoshantaf Mohammad Badr
- Almutairi Abdulmjeed
- Alnsour Abed Alfattah Mahmoud
- Alobied Majd
- Alomar Osama
- Alonso Jesús Aarón Martínez
- Alonso Manuel Diez
- Alonso Nestor Fabian Pedraza
- Alonso Veronica
- Alqallaf Abdullah
- Alqaseer Asma
- Alrayes Bourhan
- Alsefri Maryam
- Alser Osaid
- Alsharif Mohammed
- Alsori Mohamed
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- Alvarez Natalia
- Alvarez-Lozada Luis Adrian
- Alvi Abdul
- Alwael Athari
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- Alyami Ziyad
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- Alzerwi Nasser
- Amin Shivang
- Amir Mohammed
- Ammar Ahmed Siddique
- Ammendola Michele
- Amores Remedios Revilla
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- Anastasiadou Sofia
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- Andreani Lorenzo
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- Andrianakis Alexandros
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- Angeles Martina Aida
- Angelico Roberta
- Angelis Fragkiskos
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- Angulo Victor Pinto
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- Annicchiarico Alfredo
- Anoldo Pietro
- Ansaloni Luca
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- Archer James
- Ardura Francisco
- Aremu Muyiwa
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- Armijos Daniel
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- Atkinson Kate
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- Baiocchi Gian Luca
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- Baiyewu Lateef Ayodele
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- Beatty Jasmine Winter
- Becerra Angel
- Bedada Alemayehu Ginbo
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- Kapetanakis Emmanouil
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- Katsura Morihiro
- Kauppila Joonas H
- Kaur Amanjot
- Kausar Nabila
- Kavalakat Alfie
- Kavanagh Marcel Marjanović
- Kazan Ozgur
- Kealey Joshua
- Kebede Ephrem
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- Kelly Michael
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- Kenington Cleo
- Kennerton A.S.
- Kent Alistair J
- Keramati Mohammad Reza
- Kethy Fagnon
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- Kinnair Anthony
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- Leon-Andrino Alejandro
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- Lieske Bettina
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- Litta Francesco
- Litvin Andrey
- Lizzi Vincenzo
- Locatello Luca Giovanni
- Lohmann Tibor Karl
- Lohse Helmut Alfredo Segovia
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- Usman Muhammad
- Usman Mustapha Ibrahim
- Vaassen Lauretta
- Vaccara Vincenzo La
- Vagena Xanthoula
- Vagge Aldo
- Vailas Michail
- Valadez Andrea Estefania Cueto
- Valadez Tania Abigail Cueto
- Valanci Sofia
- Valdespino Cristina Puentes
- Valeanu Liana
- Valioulis Ioannis
- Valladares Sergio Chávez
- Vallve-Bernal Marc
- Van Acker Jill
- Van Den Eynde Jef
- Van Goor Harry
- Van Vliet Helen
- Van Wyk Naomi Natasha
- Vanni Camilla
- Vas Aurelia
- Vasarhelyi Edward
- Vaschetti Roberto
- Vassiliu Panteleimon
- Vatansever Dogan
- Vatish Jamie
- Vaughan-Shaw Peter G.
- Vaysburg Dennis
- Veglia Antonella
- Velten Markus
- Velázquez Maria Jose Martinez
- Venkatappa Sunil Kumar
- Venketeswaran Meenakshi
- Venskutonis Donatas
- Verbic Milena Senica
- Verdi Daunia
- Vergara-Fernandez Omar
- Verhoeff Kevin
- Veroux Massimiliano
- Verras Georgios-Ioannis
- Verre Luigi
- Vida Lucian
- Vidya Raghavan
- Viglietta Edoardo
- Vijay Vardhini
- Vijgen Guy
- Vilaró Blanca Capdevila
- Villanueva Julio
- Vilz Tim O.
- Vincent Elizabeth
- Vinci Danilo
- Viola Simona
- Violante Tommaso
- Vishnoi Jeewan Ram
- Vissapragada Ravi
- Vivancos Laura Guillamon
- Vives Josep Maria Muñoz
- Vizzielli Giuseppe
- Vohra Lubna
- Vokshi Ismail
- Vosinakis Christos
- Vásquez Javier Alberto Gutiérrez
- Vázquez Gil
- Vázquez Irene Ortega
- Vǎcǎraşu Andrei Bogdan
- Wade Ryckie
- Wafi Omar
- Wagner Gabriela
- Wallis Christopher
- Wanjara Samuel
- Waqar Shahzad Hussain
- Warden Claire
- Warner Christian
- Wasim D.
- Wason Shaun
- Wasserman Isaac
- Watcyn-Jones Tom
- Waterson Ben
- Watson David
- Watson Matthew
- Weber Clemens
- Wheatstone P.
- Wheeler James
- Wheldon Luke
- White Michelle
- White Stuart
- White William
- Wickramasinghe Dakshitha
- Widmer Lukas Werner
- Wiedemann Dominik
- Wiesinger Clemens Georg
- Wijekoon Naveen
- Wijenayake Wasantha
- Wijeyaratne Manuk
- Wijeysundera Duminda
- Wiles Matthew
- Wilkin Richard
- Wilkins Alex
- Wilkins James
- William Tinka George
- Williams Omolara Modupe
- Williams Shekinah
- Windsor John
- Winnand Philipp
- Wittmann Maria
- Wolde Amanuel
- Wolfenden John W. D.
- Wong Benjamin Ngie Xiong
- Wong Enoch
- Wong Evan G.
- Wong George Kwok Chu
- Wong Ho Ying Flora
- Wong Kai Yuen
- Wormald Justin
- Wright Deborah
- Wright Joshua
- Wu Fiona
- Wurm Markus
- Xenaki Sofia
- Yadev Ip
- Yahaya Ahmad Shuib
- Yakubu Mustapha
- Yang Wah
- Yanik Özge
- Yanowsky-Reyes Guillermo
- Yassin Abubaker
- Yates Elizabeth
- Yebes Alvaro
- Yenli Edwin Mwintiereh Ta-Ang
- Yeoh Tien
- Yeung Justin
- Yiallourou Anneza
- Yigit Banu
- Yildirim Asif
- Yim Guang
- Yiu Andrew
- Yonekura Hiroshi
- Yotsov Tsanko
- Younis Muhammad Umar
- Yunus Alif
- Yusefi Hossein
- Zabaleta Jon
- Zabkiewicz Catheriner
- Zaccaria Giulia
- Zacharia Bincy
- Zafar Syed Nabeel
- Zago Mauro
- Zaheen Zakia
- Zahid Zahra
- Zaimis Tilemachos
- Zakaria Andee Dzulkarnaen
- Zambon Martina
- Zamora Lindsey
- Zampogna Biagio
- Zancana Giuseppa
- Zani Augusto
- Zanin Luca
- Zanini Nicola
- Zapardiel Ignacio
- Zapata Carlos Shiraishi
- Zarif Pierre
- Zaránd Attila
- Zehnder Philipp
- Zenger Serkan
- Zenha Horácio
- Zhu Michael Z. L.
- Ziemann Sebastian
- Zimak Danijela Mrazovac
- Zimak Zoran
- Zivkovic Dragana
- Zizzo Maurizio
- Zucker Benjamin
- Zwain Yasir
- Zyskowski Michael
- Ávila Clara Castro
- Älgå Andreas
- Çakici Mehmet Çaǧlar
- Çelik Enes
- Çelik Meryem Nur
- Özçay Necdet
- Şevik Hüsnü
- Šantak Goran
- Šimko Kristián
- Žatecký Jan
- Publication venue
- 'Oxford University Press (OUP)'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2023
- Field of study
Abstract
Background
Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres.
Methods
This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries.
Results
In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia.
Conclusion
This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries