Forest Health in the Southern Cone of America: State of the Art and Perspectives on Regional Efforts

The plantation and natural forests of South America have been highly impacted by native and exotic pests in recent decades. The interaction of emerging invasive pests, climate change, and timber markets will define the region’s forests, with significant but uncertain ecological changes and economic losses expected. The Southern Cone Forest Health Group (SCFHG), a joint ad hoc initiative run by forest health professionals from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay, aims to strengthen relationships between the forestry industry, stakeholders, academia, and government agencies across the region. Here, we highlight regional strengths, weaknesses, threats, and opportunities to address forest health issues in the region. A regional approach with a strong communication network is relevant for future actions. In the current global scenario of invasive species and climate change, the implementation of practices that incorporate the resilience of forest ecosystems and sustainable management needs to be prioritized in forest policy across the region. Understanding that pests and pathogens do not recognize borders, we call on governments and organizations to support joint actions with agreements and adequate resources to enhance our regional capabilities.Estación Experimental Agropecuaria BarilocheFil: Villacide, Jose Maria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA). Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Area de Recursos Forestales. Grupo de Ecologia de Poblaciones de Insectos; ArgentinaFil: Villacide, Jose Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Gomez, Demian F. Texas A&M Forest Service; Estados UnidosFil: Perez, Carlos Alberto. Universidad de la República Paysandú. Facultad de Agronomia; UruguayFil: Corley, Juan Carlos. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA). Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Area de Recursos Forestales. Grupo de Ecologia de Poblaciones de Insectos; ArgentinaFil: Corley, Juan Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Corley, Juan Carlos. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche. Departamento de Ecologia; ArgentinaFil: Ahumada, Rodrigo. Bioforest S.A. División de Silvicultura y Sanidad; ChileFil: Rodrigues Barbosa, Leonardo. Embrapa Florestas. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária; BrasilFil: Furtado, Edson Luiz. Universidade Estadual Paulista. Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas Botucatu. Departamento de Proteção Vegetal; BrasilFil: Gonzalez, Andres. Universidad de la Republica. Facultad de Quimica; UruguayFil: Ramirez, Nazaret. Área Productividad de las Plantaciones. I&D.Montes del Plata; UruguayFil: Balmelli, Gustavo. Instituto Nacional de Investigacion Agropecuaria. Sistema Forestal; UruguayFil: Dias de Souza, Caroline. Instituto de Pesquisas e Estudos Florestais. Programa Cooperativo Sobre Proteção Florestal; BrasilFil: Martinez, Gonzalo. Instituto Nacional de Investigacion Agropecuaria. Sistema Forestal; Urugua

Sustained Domestic Vector Exposure Is Associated With Increased Chagas Cardiomyopathy Risk but Decreased Parasitemia and Congenital Transmission Risk Among Young Women in Bolivia

Vector exposure showed a direct association with Chagas cardiomyopathy, but an inverse relationship with maternal parasitemia and congenital transmission. We hypothesize that repeated antigen exposure maintains an inflammatory response, increasing cardiomyopathy, but this upregulation improves control of parasitemia during pregnanc

Genetic diversity of Teratosphaeria pseudoeucalypti in Eucalyptus plantations in Australia and Uruguay

Please read abstract in the article.http://link.springer.com/journal/133132022-06-16hj2022BiochemistryForestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI)GeneticsMicrobiology and Plant Patholog

Diversity and Specificity of Frankia Strains in Nodules of Sympatric Myrica gale, Alnus incana, and Shepherdia canadensis Determined by rrs Gene Polymorphism

The identity of Frankia strains from nodules of Myrica gale, Alnus incana subsp. rugosa, and Shepherdia canadensis was determined for a natural stand on a lake shore sand dune in Wisconsin, where the three actinorhizal plant species were growing in close proximity, and from two additional stands with M. gale as the sole actinorhizal component. Unisolated strains were compared by their 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) restriction patterns using a direct PCR amplification protocol on nodules. Phylogenetic relationships among nodular Frankia strains were analyzed by comparing complete 16S rDNA sequences of study and reference strains. Where the three actinorhizal species occurred together, each host species was nodulated by a different phylogenetic group of Frankia strains. M. gale strains from all three sites belonged to an Alnus-Casuarina group, closely related to Frankia alni representative strains, and were low in diversity for a host genus considered promiscuous with respect to Frankia microsymbiont genotype. Frankia strains from A. incana nodules were also within the Alnus-Casuarina cluster, distinct from Frankia strains of M. gale nodules at the mixed actinorhizal site but not from Frankia strains from two M. gale nodules at a second site in Wisconsin. Frankia strains from nodules of S. canadensis belonged to a divergent subset of a cluster of Elaeagnaceae-infective strains and exhibited a high degree of diversity. The three closely related local Frankia populations in Myrica nodules could be distinguished from one another using our approach. In addition to geographic separation and host selectivity for Frankia microsymbionts, edaphic factors such as soil moisture and organic matter content, which varied among locales, may account for differences in Frankia populations found in Myrica nodules

Isolation and characterization of non-Frankia actinobacteria from root nodules of alnus glutinosa, casuarina glauca and elaeagnus angustifolia

Actinobacterial isolates randomly obtained on nitrogen-free BAP medium from surface sterilized root nodules of Alnus glutinosa, Casuarina glauca and Elaeagnus angustifolia sampled from fields were reported. They were assigned on the basis of partial 16S rRNA sequences to Micromonospora, Nocardia and Streptomyces genera. The isolates have been screened for hydrolytic activities, indole acetic acid (IAA) and siderophores production, phosphate solubilization and antagonistic activities. Results suggest putative traits as plant growth promoting bacteria proprieties of the isolates that occur in unique association in root nodules of the three analysed actinorhizal host species. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009

The cognitive and psychiatric subacute impairment in severe Covid-19.

Neurologic impairment persisting months after acute severe SARS-CoV-2 infection has been described because of several pathogenic mechanisms, including persistent systemic inflammation. The objective of this study is to analyze the selective involvement of the different cognitive domains and the existence of related biomarkers. Cross-sectional multicentric study of patients who survived severe infection with SARS-CoV-2 consecutively recruited between 90 and 120 days after hospital discharge. All patients underwent an exhaustive study of cognitive functions as well as plasma determination of pro-inflammatory, neurotrophic factors and light-chain neurofilaments. A principal component analysis extracted the main independent characteristics of the syndrome. 152 patients were recruited. The results of our study preferential involvement of episodic and working memory, executive functions, and attention and relatively less affectation of other cortical functions. In addition, anxiety and depression pictures are constant in our cohort. Several plasma chemokines concentrations were elevated compared with both, a non-SARS-Cov2 infected cohort of neurological outpatients or a control healthy general population. Severe Covid-19 patients can develop an amnesic and dysexecutive syndrome with neuropsychiatric manifestations. We do not know if the deficits detected can persist in the long term and if this can trigger or accelerate the onset of neurodegenerative diseases

Diagnosis and antimicrobial treatment of invasive infections due to multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Guidelines of the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology

<p>The spread of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae related to the production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases and carbapenemases is a serious public health problem worldwide. Microbiological diagnosis and therapy of these infections are challenging and controversial. Clinically relevant questions were selected and the literature was reviewed for each of them. The information from the selected articles was extracted and recommendations were provided and graded according to the strength of the recommendations and quality of the evidence. The document was opened to comments from the members from the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, which were considered for inclusion in the final version. Evidence-based recommendations are provided for the use of microbiological techniques for the detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamases and carbapenemases in Enterobacteriaceae, and for antibiotic therapy for invasive/severe infections caused by these organisms. The absence of randomised controlled trials is noteworthy; thus, recommendations are mainly based on observational studies (that have important methodological limitations), pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics models, and data from animal studies. Additionally, areas for future research were identified.</p&gt