Hybrid magneto-optical mode converter made with a magnetic nanoparticles-doped SiO2/ZrO2 layer coated on an ion-exchanged glass waveguide

International audienceThis paper describes the possibility to achieve a TE-TM mode conversion in a magneto-optical hybrid waveguide operating at k¼1550 nm. This hybrid device is made by coating a SiO2/ZrO2 layer doped with magnetic nanoparticles on an ion-exchanged glass waveguide. Soft annealing (90 C) and UV treatment, both compatible with the ion exchange process, have been implemented to finalize the magneto-optical film. Optical characterizations that have been carried out demonstrated the efficiency of these hybrid structures in terms of lateral confinement and mode conversion. Indeed, TE to TM mode conversion has been observed when a longitudinal magnetic field is applied to the device. The amount of this conversion is discussed taking into account the distribution of light between the layer and the guide, and the modal birefringence of the structure

Predictive Modelling Of Temperature And Water Activity (Solutes) On The In Vitro Radial Growth Of Botrytis Cinerea Pers

peer reviewe

Corticosteroid therapy is associated with a decrease in mortality in a multicenter cohort of mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients

peer reviewedRetrospectively analyzing the data of a multicenter cohort, we observed that mortality of patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumoniatreated with mechanical ventilation was as high as 45% and median survival time was 82 days. In this series, the risk factors for mortality included age, renal and circulatory dysfunction, lymphopenia and the absence of corticosteroid use during the first week of mechanical ventilation. Corticosteroid therapy during the first week of mechanical ventilation was associated with a lower mortality (34% vs 48%) (p = 0,01)

Evaluation of DNA Methylation Episignatures for Diagnosis and Phenotype Correlations in 42 Mendelian Neurodevelopmental Disorders.

Genetic syndromes frequently present with overlapping clinical features and inconclusive or ambiguous genetic findings which can confound accurate diagnosis and clinical management. An expanding number of genetic syndromes have been shown to have unique genomic DNA methylation patterns (called episignatures ). Peripheral blood episignatures can be used for diagnostic testing as well as for the interpretation of ambiguous genetic test results. We present here an approach to episignature mapping in 42 genetic syndromes, which has allowed the identification of 34 robust disease-specific episignatures. We examine emerging patterns of overlap, as well as similarities and hierarchical relationships across these episignatures, to highlight their key features as they are related to genetic heterogeneity, dosage effect, unaffected carrier status, and incomplete penetrance. We demonstrate the necessity of multiclass modeling for accurate genetic variant classification and show how disease classification using a single episignature at a time can sometimes lead to classification errors in closely related episignatures. We demonstrate the utility of this tool in resolving ambiguous clinical cases and identification of previously undiagnosed cases through mass screening of a large cohort of subjects with developmental delays and congenital anomalies. This study more than doubles the number of published syndromes with DNA methylation episignatures and, most significantly, opens new avenues for accurate diagnosis and clinical assessment in individuals affected by these disorders

Restricted Genetic Diversity of HIV-1 Subtype C Envelope Glycoprotein from Perinatally Infected Zambian Infants

Background: Mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 remains a significant problem in the resource-constrained settings where anti-retroviral therapy is still not widely available. Understanding the earliest events during HIV-1 transmission and characterizing the newly transmitted or founder virus is central to intervention efforts. In this study, we analyzed the viral env quasispecies of six mother-infant transmission pairs (MIPs) and characterized the genetic features of envelope glycoprotein that could influence HIV-1 subtype C perinatal transmission. Methodology and Findings: The V1-V5 region of env was amplified from 6 MIPs baseline samples and 334 DNA sequences in total were analyzed. A comparison of the viral population derived from the mother and infant revealed a severe genetic bottleneck occurring during perinatal transmission, which was characterized by low sequence diversity in the infant. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that most likely in all our infant subjects a single founder virus was responsible for establishing infection. Furthermore, the newly transmitted viruses from the infant had significantly fewer potential N-linked glycosylation sites in Env V1-V5 region and showed a propensity to encode shorter variable loops compared to the nontransmitted viruses. In addition, a similar intensity of selection was seen between mothers and infants with a higher rate of synonymous (dS) compared to nonsynonymous (dN) substitutions evident (dN/dS\u3c1). Conclusions: Our results indicate that a strong genetic bottleneck occurs during perinatal transmission of HIV-1 subtype C. This is evident through population diversity and phylogenetic patterns where a single viral variant appears to be responsible for infection in the infants. As a result the newly transmitted viruses are less diverse and harbored significantly less glycosylated envelope. This suggests that viruses with the restricted glycosylation in envelope glycoprotein appeared to be preferentially transmitted during HIV-1 subtype C perinatal transmission. In addition, our findings also indicated that purifying selection appears to predominate in shaping the early intrahost evolution of HIV-1 subtype C envelope sequences

第1058回千葉医学会例会・整形外科例会

Accessions of the WOSR populations. (XLSX 13 kb

New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution.

Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P < 5 × 10(-8)). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms

Utilité de la radiographie d'abdomen sans préparation aux urgences du CHU de Rennes

La radiographie d'abdomen sans préparation est un examen (ASP) trés largement prescrit. Pourtant, il semble que cette technique d'imagerie soit devenue obsoléte. Toute indication confondue, 51.16% des 663 ASP prescrits ont été "non contributifs", c'est-a-dire qu'ils ont du être suivis d'un examen alternatif d'imagerie pour aboutir à un diagnostic. D'autre part, seulement 36.7% des ASP mettront en évidence des signes radiographiques. Par ailleurs les recommandations de bonne pratique concernant sa prescription et sa non prescription ne sont que partiellement respectées par les prescripteurs (35.3 à 46.4% de non respect). Nous souhaitons ainsi attirer l'attention sur le fait que l'ASP est devenu un examen à utilité limitée et nous conseillons aux cliniciens de limiter leurs prescriptions. La mise en place de protocoles et l'optimisation d'accés à l'imagerie abdominale performante s'avére nécessaire pour et améliorer les prises en charges et le respect des recommandations.The abdominal plain film (EPF) is a widely prescribed examination. Yet it seems that this imaging technique has become obsolete. Considering all the indications, 57.16% of the 663 APF prescribed were "non-contributory", that mean they have been followed by an alternative imaging examination to reach a diagnosis. On the other hand, only 36.7% of the APF will demonstrate radiographic evidence. Moreover, the good practice recommendations for the prescription and non prescription are only partially adhered to by prescribers (35.3 to 46.4% of non-compliance with recommendations). That way, we wish to draw attention to the fact that the APF has therefore become an examination with limited utility and we advise clinicians to limit their prescriptions. The establishment of protocols and optimization of access to efficient abdominal imaging appears necessary to improve the care levels and compliance with recommendations.RENNES1-BU Santé (352382103) / SudocSudocFranceF

TIC & Réseau : comment choisir au mieux les outils informatisés pouvant supporter le travail collaboratif ?

Si le réseau d'innovation est aujourd'hui économiquement souhaitable et technologiquement accessible [VBE04], le recours au réseau ne garanti pas ex ante le succès et force est de constater, selon les dires de gestionnaires de terrain actifs au sein de ces réseaux, que ceux-ci sont confrontés à des problèmes récurrents dont l'enjeu majeur tient à la collaboration. Cette communication présente les résultats d'un projet de recherche dédié à cette question qui, après avoir identifié ces problèmes et difficultés, identifie des leviers qui sont autant d'éléments de réponse à ces problèmes et sur lesquels un gestionnaire de réseau peut agir. Ces leviers sont mis en correspondance avec les fonctionnalités susceptibles de concrétiser les choix stratégiques du réseau de façon à répondre à la question de savoir quel outillage choisir pour soutenir les activités du réseau