Volatile organic contaminants from plastic packaging: development and validation of analytical methods

Plastic packaging materials intended for use in food packaging is an area of great interest from the scientific and economic point of view due to the irreversible internationalization and globalization process of food products. Nevertheless, a debate related to food safety aspects has emerged within the scientific community. Therefore, the development of analytical methods that allow identifying and quantifying chemical substances of toxicological potential in the packaging is considered essential. This article focuses on the main analytical methods, including validation parameters, as well as extraction and quantification techniques for determination of volatile organic compounds from food packaging materials

Antimicrobianos em alimentos de origem vegetal - uma revisão

Doenças de origem bacteriana em frutas e hortaliças ocorrem no campo ou após a colheita, reduzem a produção e afetam a qualidade do produto para a comercialização e, muitas vezes, causam prejuízos econômicos elevados ao agricultor. O alto teor de água de frutas e hortaliças torna esses vegetais sensíveis ao ataque de bactérias. Para prevenir as perdas econômicas decorrentes de doenças bacterianas em alimentos de origem vegetal, o controle químico é feito com o uso de bactericidas agrícolas como a oxitetraciclina e estreptomicina. Esta revisão tem por objetivo abordar os antimicrobianos permitidos pela legislação brasileira para o uso em lavouras, assim como aspectos de legislação e de métodos analíticos utilizados para avaliação da presença de resíduos dos antimicrobianos em vegetais

Determinação de contaminantes voláteis em embalagens de polietileno tereftalato (PET) por CDEL-CG-DIC e sua aplicação a materiais pós-consumo

A simple and low cost method to determine volatile contaminants in post-consumer recycled PET flakes was developed and validated by Headspace Dynamic Concentration and Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection (HDC-GC-FID). The analytical parameters evaluated by using surrogates include: correlation coefficient, detection limit, quantification limit, accuracy, intra-assay precision, and inter-assay precision. In order to compare the efficiency of the proposed method to recognized automated techniques, post-consumer PET packaging samples collected in Brazil were used. GC-MS was used to confirm the identity of the substances identified in the PET packaging. Some of the identified contaminants were estimated in the post-consumer material at concentrations higher than 220 ng.g-1. The findings in this work corroborate data available in the scientific literature pointing out the suitability of the proposed analytical method30410461055CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESSem informaçãoSem informaçãoUm método simples e de baixo custo foi desenvolvido e validado para a determinação de contaminantes voláteis em flakes de PET pós-consumo reciclado por Concentração Dinâmica do Espaço Livre e Cromatografia em fase Gasosa com Detecção por Ionização de Chama (CDEL-CG-DIC). Os parâmetros analíticos avaliados pelo uso de substâncias modelo incluíram: coeficiente de correlação, limite de detecção, limite de quantificação, exatidão, precisão intra-ensaio e inter-ensaio. Com o objetivo de comparar a eficiência do método proposto com técnicas automáticas reconhecidas, amostras de embalagens PET pós-consumo coletadas no Brasil foram utilizadas. CG-EMS foi utilizada para a confirmação da identificação das substâncias identificadas no PET. Alguns dos contaminantes identificados foram estimados quantitativamente no material pós-consumo em concentrações superiores a 220 ng.g-1. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho corroboram os dados disponíveis na literatura científica, evidenciando a adequação do método analítico propost

Determinação de contaminantes voláteis em embalagens de polietileno tereftalato (PET) por CDEL-CG-DIC e sua aplicação a materiais pós-consumo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)A simple and low cost method to determine volatile contaminants in post-consumer recycled PET flakes was developed and validated by Headspace Dynamic Concentration and Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection (HDC-GC-FID). The analytical parameters evaluated by using surrogates include: correlation coefficient, detection limit, quantification limit, accuracy, intra-assay precision, and inter-assay precision. In order to compare the efficiency of the proposed method to recognized automated techniques, post-consumer PET packaging samples collected in Brazil were used. GC-MS was used to confirm the identity of the substances identified in the PET packaging. Some of the identified contaminants were estimated in the post-consumer material at concentrations higher than 220 ng.g-1. The findings in this work corroborate data available in the scientific literature pointing out the suitability of the proposed analytical method.Um método simples e de baixo custo foi desenvolvido e validado para a determinação de contaminantes voláteis em flakes de PET pós-consumo reciclado por Concentração Dinâmica do Espaço Livre e Cromatografia em fase Gasosa com Detecção por Ionização de Chama (CDEL-CG-DIC). Os parâmetros analíticos avaliados pelo uso de substâncias modelo incluíram: coeficiente de correlação, limite de detecção, limite de quantificação, exatidão, precisão intra-ensaio e inter-ensaio. Com o objetivo de comparar a eficiência do método proposto com técnicas automáticas reconhecidas, amostras de embalagens PET pós-consumo coletadas no Brasil foram utilizadas. CG-EMS foi utilizada para a confirmação da identificação das substâncias identificadas no PET. Alguns dos contaminantes identificados foram estimados quantitativamente no material pós-consumo em concentrações superiores a 220 ng.g-1. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho corroboram os dados disponíveis na literatura científica, evidenciando a adequação do método analítico proposto.30410461055Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)CNPq_BrasilCAPES_Brasi

Influence of protein-phenolic complex on the antioxidant capacity of flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) products

The impact of the naturally present phenolic compounds and/or proteins on the antioxidant capacity of flaxseed products (phenolic fraction, protein concentrates, and hydrolysates) before and after simulated gastrointestinal digestion was studied. For that, whole and phenolic reduced products were assessed. Four glycosylated phenolic compounds (secoisolariciresinol and ferulic, p-coumaric, and caffeic acids) were identified in flaxseed products. Phenolic fraction exerts the highest antioxidant capacity that increased by alkaline hydrolysis and by simulated gastrointestinal digestion. The action of Alcalase and digestive enzymes resulted in an increase of the antioxidant capacity of whole and phenolic reduced products. Principal component analysis showed that proteinaceous samples act as antioxidant is by H transfer, while those samples containing phenolic compounds exert their effects by both electron donation and H transfer mechanisms. Protein/peptide-phenolic complexation, confirmed by fluorescence spectra, exerted a positive effect on the antioxidant capacity, mainly in protein concentrates.This work was supported by FAPESP (2010/52680-7), CNPq and UNICAMP (FAEPEX 607-11) grants, CSIC and Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Ramon y Cajal contract).Peer Reviewe

Volatile organic contaminants from plastic packaging: development and validation of analytical methods

Plastic packaging materials intended for use in food packaging is an area of great interest from the scientific and economic point of view due to the irreversible internationalization and globalization process of food products. Nevertheless, a debate related to food safety aspects has emerged within the scientific community. Therefore, the development of analytical methods that allow identifying and quantifying chemical substances of toxicological potential in the packaging is considered essential. This article focuses on the main analytical methods, including validation parameters, as well as extraction and quantification techniques for determination of volatile organic compounds from food packaging materials.3161522153

Volatile organic contaminants from plastic packaging: development and validation of analytical methods

Plastic packaging materials intended for use in food packaging is an area of great interest from the scientific and economic point of view due to the irreversible internationalization and globalization process of food products. Nevertheless, a debate related to food safety aspects has emerged within the scientific community. Therefore, the development of analytical methods that allow identifying and quantifying chemical substances of toxicological potential in the packaging is considered essential. This article focuses on the main analytical methods, including validation parameters, as well as extraction and quantification techniques for determination of volatile organic compounds from food packaging materials3161522153

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good