Nutritional status indicators in Polonoroeste Area: III - clinical nutritional study

This work is part of the clinical nutritional evaluation of the "Health Diagnostic in the Polonoroeste Survey, 1983". With the objective of evaluating the nutritional status of the population in the area of Polonoroeste a Nutritional Inquiry was done in 7 cities of the State of Mato Grosso. The inquiry included a study of alimentary habits, anthropometric studies and a clinical evaluation of the nutritional status of children between 3 and 72 months of age. We examined 585 children selected as proposed by the SANCHES & CARVALHEIRO sampling method modified by MEIRELLES and SANCHES and the clinical-nutritional evaluation was made according to JELLIEFE. Clinical evidence of proteic-energetic malnutrition was registered in 6.6% of the children, anemia in 9.7% and goiter in 2.7%. There was correlation of the anemia with intestinal parasitoses observed in the same sample by another team of the same project.O estudo do exame clínico-nutricional é parte do Inquérito Nutricional, realizado no "Diagnóstico em Saúde do Polonoroeste-MT em 1983". No intuito de reconhecer a situação nutricional da população da região em estudo, o grupo do Inquérito Nutricional procedeu ao estudo do Consumo Alimentar das famílias, ao estudo dos dados antropométricos e de sinais clínico-nutricionais de crianças na faixa etária de 3 a 72 meses. Foram examinadas 585 crianças da amostra como proposta por SANCHES & CARVALHEIRO7 adaptado por MEIRELLES e SANCHES. O exame clínico-nutricional foi realizado segundo a metodologia recomendada por JELLIFFE4. Foram encontrados sinais clínicos sugestivos de carência nutricional em 6,6% das crianças; sinais de anemia em 9,7% e de bócio em 2,7%. Não foi possível definir com precisão outros quadros carenciais

Search for the Standard Model Higgs boson decaying into bb¯ produced in association with top quarks decaying hadronically in pp collisions at √s = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for Higgs boson production in association with a pair of top quarks (tt¯ H) is performed, where the Higgs boson decays to bb¯, and both top quarks decay hadronically. The data used correspond to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb−1 of pp collisions at √s = 8 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The search selects events with at least six energetic jets and uses a boosted decision tree algorithm to discriminate between signal and Standard Model background. The dominant multijet background is estimated using a dedicated data-driven technique. For a Higgs boson mass of 125 GeV, an upper limit of 6.4 (5.4) times the Standard Model cross section is observed (expected) at 95% confidence level. The best-fit value for the signal strength is μ = 1.6 ± 2.6 times the Standard Model expectation for mH = 125 GeV. Combining all tt¯ H searches carried out by ATLAS at √s = 8 and 7 TeV, an observed (expected) upper limit of 3.1 (1.4) times the Standard Model expectation is obtained at 95% confidence level, with a signal strength μ = 1.7 ± 0.8

Indicadores das condições nutricionais na região do Polonoroeste: III. Estudo clínico nutricional

O estudo do exame clínico-nutricional é parte do Inquérito Nutricional, realizado no "Diagnóstico em Saúde do Polonoroeste-MT em 1983". No intuito de reconhecer a situação nutricional da população da região em estudo, o grupo do Inquérito Nutricional procedeu ao estudo do Consumo Alimentar das famílias, ao estudo dos dados antropométricos e de sinais clínico-nutricionais de crianças na faixa etária de 3 a 72 meses. Foram examinadas 585 crianças da amostra como proposta por SANCHES & CARVALHEIRO7 adaptado por MEIRELLES e SANCHES. O exame clínico-nutricional foi realizado segundo a metodologia recomendada por JELLIFFE4. Foram encontrados sinais clínicos sugestivos de carência nutricional em 6,6% das crianças; sinais de anemia em 9,7% e de bócio em 2,7%. Não foi possível definir com precisão outros quadros carenciais

Protein Restriction In Early Life Is Associated With Changes In Insulin Sensitivity And Pancreatic β-cell Function During Pregnancy

Malnutrition in early life impairs glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in adulthood. Conversely, pregnancy is associated with a significant increase in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion under conditions of normoglycaemia. A failure in β-cell adaptive changes may contribute to the onset of diabetes. Thus, glucose homeostasis and β-cell function were evaluated in control-fed pregnant (CP) and non-pregnant (CNP) or protein-restricted pregnant (LPP) and non-pregnant (LPNP) rats, from fetal to adult life, and in protein-restricted rats that were recovered after weaning (RP and RNP). The typical insulin resistance of pregnancy was not observed in the RP rats, nor did pregnancy increase the insulin content/islet in the LPP group. The glucose dose-response curves from pregnant rats were shifted to the left in relation to the non-pregnant rats, except in the recovered group. Glucose utilisation but not oxidation in islets from the RP and LPP groups was reduced at a concentration of 8·3Â mm-glucose compared with islets from the CP group. Cyclic AMP content and the potentiation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by isobutylmethylxanthine at a concentration of 2·8Â mm-glucose indicated increased adenylyl cyclase 3 activity but reduced protein kinase A-α activity in islets from the RP and LPP rats. Protein kinase C (PKC)-α but not phospholipase C (PLC)-β1 expression was reduced in islets from the RP group. Phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate produced a less potent stimulation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in the RP group. Thus, the alterations exhibited by islets from the LPP group appeared to be due to reduced islet mass and/or insulin biosynthesis. In the RP group the loss of the adaptive capacity apparently resulted from uncoupling between glucose metabolism and the amplifying signals of the secretory process, as well as a severe attenuation of the PLC/PKC pathway. Copyright © The Authors 2012.1092236247Oliveira, C.A., Latorraca, M.Q., De Mello, M.A., Mechanisms of insulin secretion in malnutrition: Modulation by amino acids in rodent models (2011) Amino Acids, 40, pp. 1027-1034Latorraca, M.Q., Reis, M.A., Carneiro, E.M., Protein deficiency and nutritional recovery modulate insulin secretion and the early steps of insulin action in rats (1998) J Nutr, 128, pp. 1643-1649Heywood, W.E., Mian, N., Milla, P.J., Programming of defective rat pancreatic beta-cell function in offspring from mothers fed a low-protein diet during gestation and the suckling periods (2004) Clin Sci, 107, pp. 37-45Latorraca, M.Q., Carneiro, E.M., Mello, M.A., Reduced insulin secretion in response to nutrients in islets from malnourished young rats is associated with a diminished calcium uptake (1999) J Nutr Biochem, 10, pp. 37-43Cherif, H., Reusens, B., Dahri, S., A proteinrestricted diet during pregnancy alters in vitro insulin secretion from islets of fetal Wistar rats (2001) J Nutr, 131, pp. 1555-1559Parsons, J.A., Brelje, T.C., Sorenson, R.L., Adaptation of islets to pregnancy: Increase in B-cell division and insulin secretion correlates with onset of placental lactogen secretion (1992) Endocrinology, 130, pp. 1459-1466Green, I.C., Taylor, K.W., Effects of pregnancy in the rat on size and insulin secretory response of islets of Langerhans (1972) J Endocrinol, 54, pp. 317-325Sorenson, R.L., Brelje, T.C., Adaptation of islets of Langerhans to pregnancy: Beta-cell growth, enhanced insulin secretion and the role of lactogenic hormones (1997) Horm Metab Res, 29, pp. 301-307Weinhaus, A.J., Stout, L.E., Sorenson, R.L., Glucokinase, hexokinase, glucose transporter 2, and glucose metabolism in islets during pregnancy and prolactin-treated islets in vitro: Mechanisms for long term up-regulation of islets (1996) Endocrinology, 137, pp. 1640-1649Weinhaus, A.J., Stout, L.E., Bhagroo, N.V., Regulation of glucokinase in pancreatic islets by prolactin: A mechanism for increasing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion during pregnancy (2007) J Endocrinol, 193, pp. 367-381Weinhaus, A.J., Bhagroo, N.V., Brelje, T.C., Role of cAMP in upregulation of insulin secretion during the adaptation of islets of Langerhans to pregnancy (1998) Diabetes, 47, pp. 1426-1435Milanski, M., Arantes, V.C., Ferreira, F., Low-protein diets reduce PKAalpha expression in islets from pregnant rats (2005) J Nutr, 135, pp. 1873-1878Leturque, A., Ferré, P., Sabatin, P., Vivo insulin resistance during pregnancy in the rat (1980) Diabetologia, 19, pp. 521-528Matthews, J.N., Altman, D.G., Campbell, M.J., Analysis of serial measurements in medical research (1990) BMJ, 300, pp. 230-235Lundbaek, K., Intravenous glucose tolerance as a tool in definition and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (1962) Br Med J, 5291, pp. 1507-1513Trinder, P., Determination of blood glucose using an oxidase-peroxidase system with a non-carcinogenic chromogen (1969) J Clin Pathol, 22, pp. 158-161Doumas, B.T., Watson, W.A., Biggs, H.G., Albumin standards measurements of serum albumin with bromocresol green (1971) Clin Chim Acta, 31, pp. 87-96Scott, A.M., Atwater, I., Rojas, E., A method for the simultaneous measurement of insulin release and b-cell membrane potential in single mouse islets of Langerhans (1981) Diabetologia, 21, pp. 470-475Boschero, A.C., Szpak-Glasman, N., Carneiro, E.M., Oxotremorine-m potentiation of glucose-induced insulin release from rat islets involves M3 muscarinic receptors (1995) Am J Physiol, 268, pp. E336-E342Sokal, R.R., Rohlf, F.J., (1995) Biometry: The Principles and Practice of Statistics in Biological Research, , 3rd ed. New York, NYW.H. Freeman and CompanyChamson-Reig, A., Thyssen, S.M., Hill, D.J., Exposure of the pregnant rat to low protein diet causes impaired glucose homeostasis in the young adult offspring by different mechanisms in males and females (2009) Exp Biol Med, 234, pp. 1425-1436Johnson, J.H., Newgard, C.B., (1996) The role of glucose transport and phosphorylation in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, pp. 42-48. , In Diabetes Mellitus, 1st ed. D LeRoith SI Taylor and JM Olefsky editors] Philadelphia: Lippincot RavenYang, Y., Gillis, A highly Ca2-sensitive pool of granules is regulated by glucose and protein kinases in insulin-secreting INS-1 (2004) J Gen Physiol, 124, pp. 641-651Tian, Y., Laychock, S.G., Protein kinase C and calcium regulation of adenylyl cyclase in isolated rat pancreatic islets (2001) Diabetes, 50, pp. 2505-2513Freemark, M., Regulation of maternal metabolism by pituitary and placental hormones: Roles in fetal development and metabolic programming (2006) Horm Res, 65, pp. 41-49Ferreira, F., Barbosa, H.C., Stoppiglia, L.F., Decreased insulin secretion in islets from rats fed a low protein diet is associated with a reduced PKAalpha expression (2004) J Nutr, 134, pp. 63-6

The sialotranscriptome of the blood-sucking bug Triatoma brasiliensis (Hemiptera, Triatominae)

Triatoma brasiliensis is the most important autochthon vector of Trypanosoma cruzi in Brazil, where it is widely distributed in the semiarid areas of the Northeast. In order to advance the knowledge of the salivary biomolecules of Triatominae, a salivary gland cDNA library of T brasiliensis was mass sequenced and analyzed. Polypeptides were sequenced by HPLC/Edman degradation experiments. Then 1712 cDNA sequences were obtained and grouped in 786 clusters. The housekeeping category had 24.4% and 17.8% of the clusters and sequences, respectively. The putatively secreted category contained 47.1% of the clusters and 68.2% of the sequences. Finally, 28.5% of the clusters, containing 14% of all sequences, were classified as unknown. The sialoma of T brasiliensis showed a high amount and great variety of different lipocalins (93.8% of secreted proteins). Remarkably, a great number of serine proteases that were not observed in previous blood-sucking sialotranscriptomes were found. Nine Kazal peptides were identified, among them one with high homology to the tabanid vasodilator vasotab, suggesting that the Triatoma vasodilator could be a Kazal protein. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved