Low temperature thermodynamics of charged bosons in a random potential and the specific heat of La_{2-x}Sr_{x}CuO_{4} below Tc

We propose a simple analytical form of the partition function for charged bosons localised in a random potential and derive the consequent thermodynamics below the superfluid transition temperature. In the low temperature limit, the specific heat, C, depends on the localisation length exponent nu: C is linear for nu1 we find C proportional to T^{1/nu}. This unusual sub-linear temperature dependence of the specific heat has recently been observed in La_{2-x}Sr_{x}CuO_{4} below Tc.Comment: Revtex, 6 pages, 4 postscript figure

D-wave Bose-Einstein condensation and the London penetration depth in superconducting cuprates

We show that bipolaron formation leads to a d-wave Bose-Einstein condensate in cuprates. It is the bipolaron energy dispersion rather than a particular pairing interaction which is responsible for the d-wave symmetry. The unusual low-temperature dependence of the magnetic field penetration depth in cuprates is explained by the localisation of bosons in the random potential. The temperature dependence of the penetration depth is linear with positive or negative slope depending on the random field profile.Comment: 4 pages (RevTeX), 4 figure

Phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotides induce the formation of nuclear bodies

Antisense oligonucleotides are powerful tools for the in vivo regulation of gene expression. We have characterized the intracellular distribution of fluorescently tagged phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides (PS-ONs) at high resolution under conditions in which PS-ONs have the potential to display antisense activity. Under these conditions PS-ONs predominantly localized to the cell nucleus where they accumulated in 20-30 bright spherical foci designated phosphorothioate bodies (PS bodies), which were set against a diffuse nucleoplasmic population excluding nucleoli. PS bodies are nuclear structures that formed in cells after PS-ON delivery by transfection agents or microinjection but were observed irrespectively of antisense activity or sequence. Ultrastructurally, PS bodies corresponded to electron-dense structures of 150-300 nm diameter and resembled nuclear bodies that were found with lower frequency in cells lacking PS-ONs. The environment of a living cell was required for the de novo formation of PS bodies, which occurred within minutes after the introduction of PS-ONs. PS bodies were stable entities that underwent noticeable reorganization only during mitosis. Upon exit from mitosis, PS bodies were assembled de novo from diffuse PS-ON pools in the daughter nuclei. In situ fractionation demonstrated an association of PS-ONs with the nuclear matrix. Taken together, our data provide evidence for the formation of a nuclear body in cells after introduction of phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides

Wnt signalling and cancer stem cells

[Abstract] Intracellular signalling mediated by secreted Wnt proteins is essential for the establishment of cell fates and proper tissue patterning during embryo development and for the regulation of tissue homeostasis and stem cell function in adult tissues. Aberrant activation of Wnt signalling pathways has been directly linked to the genesis of different tumours. Here, the components and molecular mechanisms implicated in the transduction of Wnt signal, along with important results supporting a central role for this signalling pathway in stem cell function regulation and carcinogenesis will be briefly reviewed.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; SAF2008-0060

Recommendations for reporting ion mobility Mass Spectrometry measurements

Here we present a guide to ion mobility mass spectrometry experiments, which covers both linear and nonlinear methods: what is measured, how the measurements are done, and how to report the results, including the uncertainties of mobility and collision cross section values. The guide aims to clarify some possibly confusing concepts, and the reporting recommendations should help researchers, authors and reviewers to contribute comprehensive reports, so that the ion mobility data can be reused more confidently. Starting from the concept of the definition of the measurand, we emphasize that (i) mobility values (K0) depend intrinsically on ion structure, the nature of the bath gas, temperature, and E/N; (ii) ion mobility does not measure molecular surfaces directly, but collision cross section (CCS) values are derived from mobility values using a physical model; (iii) methods relying on calibration are empirical (and thus may provide method‐dependent results) only if the gas nature, temperature or E/N cannot match those of the primary method. Our analysis highlights the urgency of a community effort toward establishing primary standards and reference materials for ion mobility, and provides recommendations to do so. © 2019 The Authors. Mass Spectrometry Reviews Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

The CHEMDNER corpus of chemicals and drugs and its annotation principles

The automatic extraction of chemical information from text requires the recognition of chemical entity mentions as one of its key steps. When developing supervised named entity recognition (NER) systems, the availability of a large, manually annotated text corpus is desirable. Furthermore, large corpora permit the robust evaluation and comparison of different approaches that detect chemicals in documents. We present the CHEMDNER corpus, a collection of 10,000 PubMed abstracts that contain a total of 84,355 chemical entity mentions labeled manually by expert chemistry literature curators, following annotation guidelines specifically defined for this task. The abstracts of the CHEMDNER corpus were selected to be representative for all major chemical disciplines. Each of the chemical entity mentions was manually labeled according to its structure-associated chemical entity mention (SACEM) class: abbreviation, family, formula, identifier, multiple, systematic and trivial. The difficulty and consistency of tagging chemicals in text was measured using an agreement study between annotators, obtaining a percentage agreement of 91. For a subset of the CHEMDNER corpus (the test set of 3,000 abstracts) we provide not only the Gold Standard manual annotations, but also mentions automatically detected by the 26 teams that participated in the BioCreative IV CHEMDNER chemical mention recognition task. In addition, we release the CHEMDNER silver standard corpus of automatically extracted mentions from 17,000 randomly selected PubMed abstracts. A version of the CHEMDNER corpus in the BioC format has been generated as well. We propose a standard for required minimum information about entity annotations for the construction of domain specific corpora on chemical and drug entities. The CHEMDNER corpus and annotation guidelines are available at: http://www.biocreative.org/resources/biocreative-iv/chemdner-corpus

The Cholecystectomy As A Day Case (CAAD) Score: A Validated Score of Preoperative Predictors of Successful Day-Case Cholecystectomy Using the CholeS Data Set

Background Day-case surgery is associated with significant patient and cost benefits. However, only 43% of cholecystectomy patients are discharged home the same day. One hypothesis is day-case cholecystectomy rates, defined as patients discharged the same day as their operation, may be improved by better assessment of patients using standard preoperative variables. Methods Data were extracted from a prospectively collected data set of cholecystectomy patients from 166 UK and Irish hospitals (CholeS). Cholecystectomies performed as elective procedures were divided into main (75%) and validation (25%) data sets. Preoperative predictors were identified, and a risk score of failed day case was devised using multivariate logistic regression. Receiver operating curve analysis was used to validate the score in the validation data set. Results Of the 7426 elective cholecystectomies performed, 49% of these were discharged home the same day. Same-day discharge following cholecystectomy was less likely with older patients (OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.15–0.23), higher ASA scores (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.15–0.23), complicated cholelithiasis (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.48), male gender (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.58–0.74), previous acute gallstone-related admissions (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.48–0.60) and preoperative endoscopic intervention (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.34–0.47). The CAAD score was developed using these variables. When applied to the validation subgroup, a CAAD score of ≤5 was associated with 80.8% successful day-case cholecystectomy compared with 19.2% associated with a CAAD score >5 (p < 0.001). Conclusions The CAAD score which utilises data readily available from clinic letters and electronic sources can predict same-day discharges following cholecystectomy

Diffraction-enhanced Imaging For Studying Pattern Recognition In Cranial Ontogeny Of Bats And Marsupials

The key to understanding evolution lies in the elucidation of mechanisms responsible for the observed underlying patterns and in the observation of sequences that emerge from those evolutionary landmarks. The comparative development can be used to access the derivation of form and the homology versus the convergence of evolution features. Phylogenetic and biological homologies are necessary to discern the evolutionary origins of these features. This work examined the patterns of cranial formation in pre-born bat specimens as well as post-born opossum by means of microradiography and Diffraction-Enhanced Radiography (DER) techniques. A direct conversion CCD camera was used to provide micrometer spatial resolution in order to acquire highly detailed density images. This technique allows the observation of structures, in early stages of development, which were impossible to be observed with traditional techniques, such as clearing and staining. Some cranial features have been described for adults in the literature, but the detailed description of the appearance sequence of those features in these species is still unknown and obscure. Microradiography and diffraction-enhanced imaging can improve quality of morphological detail analysis and permit the identification of anatomical landmarks that are useful in comparative studies and are still unknown in both species. In this study, we access evolution features in cranial morphology of bats and marsupials using both X-ray techniques. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.5481-2228233Rokhlin, S.I., Kim, J.-Y., Nagy, H., Zoofan, B., (1999) Eng. Fract. Mech., 62 (4-5), p. 425Lang, A.R., Makepeace, A.P.W., Martineau, P.M., Cooper, M.A., (1997) Diamond and Related Mater., 6 (9), p. 1226Benci, J.E., Pope, D.P., (1992) NDT & e International, 25 (4-5), p. 235Schortinghuis, J., Ruben, J.L., Meijer, H.J.A., Bronckers, A.L.J., Raghoebar, G.M., Stegenga, B., (2003) Arch. Oral Biol., 48 (2), p. 155Brattgård, S.-O., Hallén, O., (1952) Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 9, p. 488Combée, B., Engström, A., (1954) Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 14, p. 432Mosley, V.M., Scott, D.B., Wyckoff, R.W.G., (1957) Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 24, p. 235Gabor, D., (1948) Nature No. 4098, 4098. , MayMomose, A., Takeda, T., (1998) Synchrotron Radiat News, 11 (5), p. 27Takeda, T., Momose, A., (2000) J. Synchrotron Radiat., 7, p. 280Bonse, U., Beckemann, F.J., (2001) Synchrotron Radiat., 8, p. 1Zhong, Z., Thomlinson, W., (2000) Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A, 450, p. 556Kobayashi, K., Izumi, K., (2001) Appl. Phys. Letters., 78, pp. L1132Wilkins, S.W., Gureyev, T.E., (1996) Nature, 384, p. 335Gureyev, T.E., Mayo, S., (2001) Phys. Rev. Lett., 86, p. 5827Ingal, V.N., Beliaevskaya, E.A., (1997) Nuovo Cimento, 19, p. 553Bushuev, V.A., Sergeev, A.A., (1998) Tech. Phys. Lett., 24, p. 851Yagi, N., (1999) Méd. Phys., 26Li, J., (2003) J. Anat., 202, p. 463Takeda, T., Itai, Y., (1998) J. Synchrotron Radiat., 5, p. 326Mori, K., Hyodo, K., (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 38 (11), pp. L1339Kotre, C.J., Birch, I.P., (1999) Phy. Med. Biol., 44, p. 2853Hasnah, M., (2002) Rev. Sci. Instrum., 73, p. 1657Cullity, B.D., (1959) Elements of X-ray Diffraction, , Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc. EnglandAndrews, H.C., Hunt, B.R., (1977) Digital Image Restoration, , Prentice-Hall, INC. New Jersey(1987) Non-destructive Testing, , LondonFörster, E., Goetz, K., Zaumsell, P., (1980) Kryst. Tech., 15, p. 937Chapman, D., Thomlinson, W., Jonston, R.E., Washburn, D., Pisano, E., Gmür, N., Zhong, Z., Sayers, D., (1997) Phys. Med. Biol., 42, p. 2015Giles, C., Hönnicke, M.G., Lopes, R.T., Rocha, H.S., Gonçalves, O.D., Mazzaro, I., Cusatis, C., (2003) J. Synchrotron Radiat., 10, p. 421Raff, R.A., Kaufman, T.C., (1983) Embryos, Genes, and Evolution: The Developmental-genetic Basis of Evolutionary Change, 387p. , Macmillan Publishing Co, Inc., New YorkOyama, S., (2000) The Ontogeny of Information: Development Systems and Evolution, 273p. , Duke University Press, IndiaAdams, R.A., Scott, C., (2000) Pedersen Ontogeny, Functional Ecology, and Evolution of Bats, 398p. , Cambridge University Press, Cambridg