Reprint of: Genetic parameters of in-vivo prediction of carcass, head and fillet yields by internal ultrasound and 2D external imagery in large rainbow trout [i](Oncorhynchus mykiss)[/i]

Voir aussi : Pierrick Haffray, Jérome Bugeon, Quentin Rivard, Benjamin Quittet, Sophie Puyo, Jean Michel Allamelou, Marc Vandeputte, Mathilde Dupont-Nivet. 2013. Genetic parameters of in-vivo prediction of carcass, head and fillet yields by internal ultrasound and 2D external imagery in large rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture (410–411), 236-244Selection to improve processing yields relies on sib selection, in which live candidates are ranked according to their family breeding value. This approach limits genetic progress, as it only exploits genetic variability between families and not within them. Indirect criteria measured on live candidates could overcome this limitation. The present study (1) proposes a procedure to identify indirect criteria to predict processing yields in rainbow trout (head, carcass and fillet yields), (2) estimates genetic parameters of these indirect criteria, and (3) predicts relative genetic gains in processing yields using full-sib selection or indirect individual selection on those indirect criteria. DNA-pedigreed all-female rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (n = 2029, 1631.0 ± 355.6 g) from 600 families produced from 100 sires and 60 dams were characterized by external and internal non-lethal morphological measures using digital pictures and real time ultrasound tomography. Nineteen landmarks were recorded on the digital pictures to define the outline of the body, head and lateral line. Their coordinates were used to calculate different lengths, heights and areas. Five different internal thicknesses were measured by ultrasound tomography. In the first phase of this study, processing yields were predicted using multiple linear regressions including both external and internal morphometric variables. In a second phase, the heritability of the predicted values and their genetic correlations with real processing yields were estimated using animal models. Predicted yields exhibited intermediate heritabilities (0.25–0.28) that were half the value of heritabilities for real processing yields (0.47–0.55), but had high genetic correlations with these real yields (0.87–0.90). The relative efficiency of indirect selection (IS) on these indirect criteria was compared to theoretical mass selection (MS) or sib selection (FS) with different family sizes (10 or 100) and two different selection pressures (10% or 40%). At the same selection pressure (10%, with 100 sibs per family %), full-sib selection created genetic progress 49.6% to 60.5% higher than indirect selection according to the processing yield targeted. However, when sib-selection pressure was limited to a more realistic between family selection pressure (40% and 10 sibs per family), indirect selection with 10% selection pressure was 21.9% to 32.7% more efficient than sib selection

Genetic parameters of in-vivo prediction of carcass, head and fillet yields by internal ultrasound and 2D external imagery in large rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Selection to improve processing yields relies on sib selection, in which live candidates are ranked according to their family breeding value. This approach limits genetic progress, as it only exploits genetic variability between families and not within them. Indirect criteria measured on live candidates could overcome this limitation. The present study (1) proposes a procedure to identify indirect criteria to predict processing yields in rainbow trout (head, carcass and fillet yields), (2) estimates genetic parameters of these indirect criteria, and (3) predicts relative genetic gains in processing yields using full-sib selection or indirect individual selection on those indirect criteria. DNA-pedigreed all-female rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (n = 2029, 1631.0 +/- 355.6 g) from 600 families produced from 100 sires and 60 dams were characterized by external and internal non-lethal morphological measures using digital pictures and real time ultrasound tomography. Nineteen landmarks were recorded on the digital pictures to define the outline of the body, head and lateral line. Their coordinates were used to calculate different lengths, heights and areas. Five different internal thicknesses were measured by ultrasound tomography. In the first phase of this study, processing yields were predicted using multiple linear regressions including both external and internal morphometric variables. In a second phase, the heritability of the predicted values and their genetic correlations with real processing yields were estimated using animal models. Predicted yields exhibited intermediate heritabilities (0.25-0.28) that were half the value of heritabilities for real processing yields (0.47-0.55), but had high genetic correlations with these real yields (0.87-0.90). The relative efficiency of indirect selection (IS) on these indirect criteria was compared to theoretical mass selection (MS) or sib selection (FS) with different family sizes (10 or 100) and two different selection pressures (10% or 40%). At the same selection pressure (10%, with 100 sibs per family %), full-sib selection created genetic progress 49.6% to 60.5% higher than indirect selection according to the processing yield targeted. However, when sib-selection pressure was limited to a more realistic between family selection pressure (40% and 10 sibs per family), indirect selection with 10% selection pressure was 21.9% to 32.7% more efficient than sib selection

Intravenous Immunoglobulins Tapering and Withdrawal in Systemic Capillary Leak Syndrome (Clarkson Disease)

International audienceBackground: The systemic capillary leak syndrome (SCLS), also known as Clarkson disease, is a very rare condition characterized by recurrent life-threatening episodes of vascular hyperpermeability in the presence of a monoclonal gammopathy. Extended intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment is associated with fewer recurrences and improved survival, but the optimal treatment dosage and duration remain unknown. Objective: We aim to evaluate the safety of IVIG tapering and withdrawal in patients with SCLS. Methods: We conducted a retrospective multicenter study including all adult patients with monoclonal gammopathy–associated SCLS from the EurêClark registry who received at least 1 course of IVIG. The primary end point was overall survival according to IVIG withdrawal. Results: Fifty-nine patients of mean ± SD age 51 ± 13 years were included. Overall cumulative probabilities of 2-, 5-, 10- and 15-year survival were 100%, 85%, 72%, 44%, respectively. The IVIG was withdrawn at least once in 18 patients (31%; W+ group) and never in 41 patients (69%; W– group). Cumulative probabilities of 10-year survival in W+ versus W– groups were 50% and 83% (log rank test, P = .02), respectively. Relapse rate and the median number of relapses in the W+ versus the W– groups were 72% versus 58% (P = 0.3) and 2.5 (0.3–4) versus 1 (0–2) (P = .03), respectively. The IVIG tapering was not statistically associated with increased person-year incidence of attacks using a mixed linear model. Conclusions: The IVIG withdrawal was associated with increased mortality and higher rate of recurrence in SCLS patients. The IVIG tapering might be cautiously considered in stable SCLS patients

Early Detection, Diagnosis and Intervention Services for Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in the European Union (ASDEU): Family and Professional Perspectives

International audienc

Safety of the oral factor XIa inhibitor asundexian compared with apixaban in patients with atrial fibrillation (PACIFIC-AF). a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, dose-finding phase 2 study

Background: Direct-acting oral anticoagulant use for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation is limited by bleeding concerns. Asundexian, a novel, oral small molecule activated coagulation factor XIa (FXIa) inhibitor, might reduce thrombosis with minimal effect on haemostasis. We aimed to determine the optimal dose of asundexian and to compare the incidence of bleeding with that of apixaban in patients with atrial fibrillation. Methods: In this randomised, double-blind, phase 2 dose-finding study, we compared asundexian 20 mg or 50 mg once daily with apixaban 5 mg twice daily in patients aged 45 years or older with atrial fibrillation, a CHA2DS2-VASc score of at least 2 if male or at least 3 if female, and increased bleeding risk. The study was conducted at 93 sites in 14 countries, including 12 European countries, Canada, and Japan. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to a treatment group using an interactive web response system, with randomisation stratified by whether patients were receiving a direct-acting oral anticoagulant before the study start. Masking was achieved using a double-dummy design, with participants receiving both the assigned treatment and a placebo that resembled the non-assigned treatment. The primary endpoint was the composite of major or clinically relevant non-major bleeding according to International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis criteria, assessed in all patients who took at least one dose of study medication. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04218266, and EudraCT, 2019-002365-35. Findings: Between Jan 30, 2020, and June 21, 2021, 862 patients were enrolled. 755 patients were randomly assigned to treatment. Two patients (assigned to asundexian 20 mg) never took any study medication, resulting in 753 patients being included in the analysis (249 received asundexian 20 mg, 254 received asundexian 50 g, and 250 received apixaban). The mean age of participants was 73·7 years (SD 8·3), 309 (41%) were women, 216 (29%) had chronic kidney disease, and mean CHA2DS2-VASc score was 3·9 (1·3). Asundexian 20 mg resulted in 81% inhibition of FXIa activity at trough concentrations and 90% inhibition at peak concentrations; asundexian 50 mg resulted in 92% inhibition at trough concentrations and 94% inhibition at peak concentrations. Ratios of incidence proportions for the primary endpoint were 0·50 (90% CI 0·14–1·68) for asundexian 20 mg (three events), 0·16 (0·01–0·99) for asundexian 50 mg (one event), and 0·33 (0·09–0·97) for pooled asundexian (four events) versus apixaban (six events). The rate of any adverse event occurring was similar in the three treatment groups: 118 (47%) with asundexian 20 mg, 120 (47%) with asundexian 50 mg, and 122 (49%) with apixaban. Interpretation: The FXIa inhibitor asundexian at doses of 20 mg and 50 mg once daily resulted in lower rates of bleeding compared with standard dosing of apixaban, with near-complete in-vivo FXIa inhibition, in patients with atrial fibrillation. Funding: Bayer