A CASE STUDY ON SOCIAL BARRIERS TOWARDS SPORTS ACTIVITIES FOR FEMALE STUDENTS IN MUSTUNG BALOCHISTAN

Physical education has been a critical component of human development. It is considered as an important stagefor young people in terms of providing them with required training and education and making them responsiblecitizens. The goals of this research were to find out the social barriers of female students to participate towardssports activities of girls colleges of District Mustung Baluchistan. Quantitative work was followed to analyzethe female college students ‘responses. Survey research design was used to find out the social barriers towardssports activities for female students. The population of the study consist 300 of the two Government Girlscolleges of District Mustung Baluchistan. 200 participants from Government Girls Degree College Dist.:Mustung and 100 from Government Girls Inter College Kardigab District Mastung. 300 Sample was collectedfrom 02 Government Girls colleges of dist. In this research, 5 point Likert scale was used to record the femalestudents responses on questionnaire. Frequency, Percentage, Mean score and standard deviation scores of eachitem was calculated for data analysis and results. Cronbach Alpha type was used to confirm the reliability ofthe tool. The results revealed that females in Baluchistan have less opportunities to participate in sportsactivities and local level. Social barriers were the main problems for female physical sports students‘participation in sports activities. The first goal set key barriers to participation, family, Islamic Interpretation,Law, Society, Staff and Training. Those barriers restrict the This is, however, a Family of a woman who stillhas the biggest impact on whether or not she participates

Transformational leadership and employees' performance: the mediating role of employees' commitment in private banking sectors in Pakistan

In this competitive era, organisations face issues related to leadership styles in maintaining employee performance and commitment. Leadership, like transformational leadership, motivates employees to achieve the target for an organisation. However, employee performance and commitment are behavioural factors that help them achieve organisational goals. These factors develop emotional attachments like loyalty and faithfulness among the employees towards the organisations. This study examines the relationship between transformational leadership, employee commitment, and employee performance in a developing country like Pakistan. Although, in the twenty-first century, issues related to leadership styles have given new ways for researchers to further insight into employee performance and commitment study. However, this paper aims to determine the impact of transformational leadership on employee performance by mediating the role of employee commitment in the private banking sector. The cross-sectional and descriptive survey was used in the data collection; 466 employees of the banks participated in the study. The research indicates that transformational leadership positively impacts employee performance and commitment. The findings show that transformational leadership has a positive effect on employees' performance and employee commitment

Preliminary selection and evaluation of fungicides and natural compounds to control grey mold disease of rose caused by Botrytis cinerea

Botrytis cinerea es un hongo patógeno de las plantas que causa la enfermedad del moho gris del rosal (Rosa indica L.). La búsqueda de estrategias de control nuevas y alternativas respetuosas con el medio ambiente, en lugar de los productos químicos peligrosos, para diferentes enfermedades de los cultivos es un paso crucial y saludable para hacer frente a los retos actuales del cambio climático. Por lo tanto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la eficacia de diferentes extractos botánicos y agentes de biocontrol (biopesticidas) junto con diferentes fungicidas contra B. cinerea en condiciones in vitro. Se utilizaron tres concentraciones diferentes, a saber, 100, 200 y 300 ppm de cinco fungicidas, a saber, Acrobate, Melody, Cabrio top, Antracol y oxicloruro de cobre, extractos botánicos de ocho plantas Dhatura, Jengibre, Aak, Neem y Cebolla, en tres dosis diferentes de 5, 10 y 15%, El estudio de la incidencia de la enfermedad% de moho gris en el cultivo de rosas en la región muestra que la región de Hyderabad tiene un máximo (60%) de incidencia de la enfermedad en comparación con la región de Tandojam (40%). Entre los fungicidas, el Cabrio top redujo significativamente el crecimiento lineal de colonias (31 mm) de B. cinerea a una concentración de 300 ppm. Entre los productos botánicos, el extracto de la planta de neem mostró significativamente el menor crecimiento de colonias (23,33 mm), seguido de la planta de jengibre (25 mm) y la planta de dhatura (26 mm). La mayor concentración de fungicidas y las dosis más altas (15%) de extractos botánicos resultaron significativamente eficaces para controlar el patógeno B. cinerea. Among biopesticides, Fusarium solani appeared prominent in reducing colony growth (25.16 mm) of the pathogen but the difference was not significant 300 with most of the tested biocontrol agents. La recomendación en este estudio es la alta capacidad de los extractos botánicos y agentes de biocontrol en la reducción del crecimiento de moho gris, considerando potencialmente su uso en lugar de fungicidas sintéticos y mayor seguridad para el ecosistema.Campus Ic

Review of biochar role as additive in anaerobic digestion processes

because of the urgent need to provide renewable energy sources and efficiently manage the continuously growing amount of organic waste. Biochar (BC) is an extremely versatile material, which could be produced by carbonization of organic materials, including biomass and wastes, consistently with Circular Economy principles, and “tailor-made” for specific applications. The potential BC role as additive in the control of the many wellknown critical issues of AD processes has been increasingly explored over the past few years. However, a clear and comprehensive understanding of the connections between BC and AD is still missing. This review paper analyses and discusses significant references (review articles, research papers and international databases and reports), mostly published in the last 10 years. This review is aimed at addressing three key issues related to the better understanding of the BC role in AD processes: 1. Investigation of the influence of BC properties on AD performances and of their ability to counteract its main challenges; 2. Assessment of the optimal BC production chain (i.e. feedstock-pyrolysis-activation) to achieve the desired features; 3. Evaluation of the economic and environmental advantages connected to BC use in AD processes, compared to conventional solutions applied to address AD challenges