Importance of Water and Its Effects on During and After Exercise of Both Athletes and Coaches

Background: Athletes and trainers participating in intense activity or sports training, water is an important nutrient that is vital to preserving physiological equilibrium. Maintaining enough hydration promotes peak performance, avoids consequences from dehydration, and facilitates recuperation. On the other hand, dehydration can result in exhaustion, decreased stamina, and a higher chance of accidents. Aims: The purpose of this study is to investigate the significance of water as a necessary nutrient for athletes and trainers, emphasizing its impact on endurance, performance, and recovery after exercise. Methodology: This study examines the effects of various pre-exercise hydration techniques on athletic performance and recovery after high-intensity training (HIT) using an experimental, randomized controlled trial conducted at different universities in Faisalabad, involving a sample of (n=30) athletes and trainers. Participants were selected with a minimum of three months of continuous High-intensity Training experience, no prior history of metabolic or cardiovascular diseases, and a baseline hydration condition within normal ranges (urine specific gravity < 1.040) are requirements for inclusion. (n=30) male athletes between the age of 18 to 28 M± SD (2.05±1.076). One of three pre-exercise hydration groups water, electrolyte solution, or sports drink will be given at random to each participant. Standardized hydration methods will provide uniformity among participants. Results: Statistical analyses were performed using paired sample t-tests, one-way ANOVA, multiple regression, and correlation tests. The paired sample t-test results indicated a significant level (p < 0.05). According to the study, adequate hydration improves cardiovascular efficiency, muscular function, and thermoregulation, all of which contribute to better sports performance. Reduced cognitive function, cramping in the muscles, heat-related diseases, and a longer recovery period were all linked to dehydration. It has been shown that maintaining electrolyte balance, minimizing muscular discomfort, and speeding up recovery all depend on post-exercise hydration. Conclusion: An essential nutrient that has a big influence on sports performance and recuperation is water. Prioritizing hydration techniques is essential for athletes and trainers to maximize performance, reduce the danger of dehydration, and improve recovery after training. Sports training programs should include instruction on proper hydration and customized fluid consumption recommendations. Keywords: Water Importance, Athletes, Coaches, Dehydration, Exercis

Gender Dynamics in Coach-Athlete Relationships and Their Impact on Sports Performance

Motivation, psychological health, and athletic performance are all significantly influenced by the coach-athlete interaction. Athlete development and training efficacy can be strongly impacted by gender dynamics in this connection, which are influenced by power dynamics, communication styles, and cultural norms. The complex effects of gendered coach-athlete relationships on performance are still not well understood, despite growing awareness of gender concerns in sport. The purpose of this study is to investigate how gender dynamics between coaches and players impact communication effectiveness, performance outcomes, and the general quality of the coach-athlete relationship. In particular, it looks into mixed-gender and same-gender pairs in a variety of sports. A mixed-methods strategy was used. Using standardized questionnaires measuring relationship quality (Coach-Athlete Relationship Questionnaire), perceived gender bias, and self-reported performance indicators, quantitative data were gathered from 320 competitive athletes (160 males and 160 females) and 30 coaches. Semi-structured interviews with 15 athlete-coach pairs—purposively picked to represent a range of gender combinations—were used to gather qualitative observations. Regression analysis for quantitative variables and thematic coding for qualitative answers were used to analyze the data. The findings showed that same-gender coach-athlete pairings experienced greater communication alignment and relationship trust, both of which were positively connected with perceived gains in performance. Reduced motivation and worse performance self-ratings were linked to mixed-gender couples, especially female athletes with male coaches, who reported more cases of emotional discomfort, perceived gender prejudice, and communication breakdown. However, in mixed-gender partnerships, good emotional intelligence and respect for one another frequently lessen unfavorable impacts. The results indicate that relational quality and performance may be impacted by gender alignment; however, this effect is mitigated by corporate culture and individual interpersonal abilities. Regardless of gender pairing, coaches who received training in inclusive communication and gender awareness were more effective in creating enduring connections. The study emphasizes how gendered communication patterns and unconscious prejudice must be addressed in coach education programs. Performance results are significantly shaped by gender dynamics in coach-athlete relationships. The creation of inclusive and sympathetic coaching techniques is crucial to maximize performance in all gender pairs, even if same-gender pairings frequently promote more seamless interactions. This study promotes training and policy changes that take gender dynamics into account to create fair and productive sports settings. Keywords: Gender Dynamics, Athletic Performance, Coaching Effectivenes

Investigating the Investment of Coaches, Parents, and Administrators in the Production of Quality Players throughout Career Lifespans

Background: The development of high-quality athletes involves a coordinated effort from coaches, parents, and administrators. Long-term performance is greatly influenced by their commitment in a players’ commitment, which includes funding, coaching, training, and resource distribution. The scope and efficacy of these contributions are still not well understood, though. Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate how administrators, coaches, and parents can support the growth of talented athletes throughout their careers. In particular, it looks into how they get involved, how much money they spend, and how it affects athletes’ lifespan and performance. Methodology: Both quantitative and qualitative data were incorporated into the mixed-methods approach. Athletes, coaches, parents, and sports administrators from a range of competitive levels participated in surveys and organized interviews. Statistical analysis was employed to analyze relationships between investment parameters and player outcomes, while theme analysis gave insights into personal experiences and problems. Result: The findings show that regular and balanced assistance from all three parties greatly improves player development, with administrative support, systematic coaching, and parental emotional support serving as important success factors. Disparities in investment, however, frequently impede the best possible player development. These factors include a lack of coaching experience, administrative inefficiencies, and budgetary limitations. Discussion: These results highlighted the need for a cooperative structure that guarantees athletes equitable and long-term assistance. The research emphasizes the value of organized mentoring programs, athlete development education for parents, and changes to sports organizations’ policies. Conclusion: The study highlights how crucial it is for coaches, parents, and administrators to work together to develop and retain top-tier athletes. In professional sports, addressing current support system inadequacies can improve athlete performance, career length, and overall success. Keywords: Athletes Development, Coaching Investment, Parental Support, Sports Administrators, Quality Of Play

خاندان مغلیہ کے تاجدارشاہجہاں کی نورِچشم جہاں آراء بیگم بطور ا د یبہ (فکری و فنی جائزہ): The Beloved of Emperor SHAHJAHAN of the MOGHAL DYNASTY. JAHAN ARA BEGUM, As a Writer Intellectual and Technical Analysis

Jahan Ara Begum was the daughter of Emperor ShahJahan of the Mughal dynasty. She was a writer, with a greater inclination towards spirituality. She wrote “Monis-e-Arwah” and “Sahbiya” treatises about revered saints.   Monis-e-Arwah” is a compilation of the sayings and incidents related to the Chishti Saints, where her second work is one in which Jahan Ara Begum reflected on her own spiritual life. A manuscript of this book is available in a library of Ahmadabad, while another is housed in the Asifia Library.   These treatises are adorned with all the beauties of language and expressions. In terms of interest, they hold significant importance the efforts of a Princess from the Royal family as an author are commendable. In these literary treatises, the expressions of sincerity, realism, self-discovery, emotional states, sentiments and observations are presented with great subtlety. In her writings, all the qualities of thoughts and artistry, vivid imagery devotion and captivating styles of expression are present

AN INQUIRY INTO THE IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS OF THE NEW ACCOUNTING MODEL

The New Accounting Model has been adopted as a government accounting system in Pakistan under PIFRA reforms. This study aims to investigate the process of implementing the New Accounting Model, as previous research has given inadequate focus to the government accounting of Pakistan and its constituents. The results are considered valuable for education, policy, and practice in government accounting and have the potential to provide insights for future amendments. A thematic analysis of the interview data reveals that the New Accounting Model was implemented in a systematic manner. This encompassed conducting a feasibility study, designing the New Accounting Model and System Application Program, conducting testing at designated locations, capacity building, establishing necessary infrastructure, and subsequent functionalization of the model at pilot, rollout, and replica sites

Usage of Artificial Intelligence Reshapes the Prevailing Scenario of Today Sports at the Globe

The present study explores the transformative impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on the global sports industry examining how AI technologies are reshaping athlete performance, sports management, fan engagement, and ethical considerations through a quantitative research approach based on survey questionnaires from college and university athletes. The study reveals that AI significantly enhances athlete training, improving performance metrics and reducing injury rates. AI also plays a crucial role in decision-making processes contributing to better team outcomes and strategic advantages. In terms of fan engagement, AI-driven personalization and immersive technologies have increased fan satisfaction and audience retention. However, the study identifies significant ethical concerns, particularly related to data privacy and algorithmic fairness, which pose barriers to AI adoption. Additionally, financial and technological disparities limit the widespread implementation of AI, especially in developing regions. The study concludes that while AI has the potential to revolutionize the sports industry, careful management of ethical, financial, and social challenges is essential to ensure its positive impact. Future research should focus on developing accessible AI solutions and ethical guidelines to facilitate the responsible integration of AI in sports

Linking Work-Related Quality of Life to Teaching Effectiveness: A Study of Secondary School Physical Education Teachers

This study investigates the relationship between work-related quality of life (WRQoL) and teaching effectiveness among secondary school physical education (PE) teachers. A survey methodology was used, with a sample n= 256 (males=171; females=85) comprising secondary school PE teachers from various regions. The study utilized established scales to measure WRQoL dimensions, including physical environment, psychological well-being, work relations, job satisfaction, and general well-being. Teaching effectiveness was assessed through self-report measures and supervisor evaluations. Statistical analyses, including correlation and regression, were conducted to explore the associations between WRQoL dimensions and teaching effectiveness. The results indicate significant correlations between various dimensions of WRQoL and teaching effectiveness, with job satisfaction emerging as a particularly strong predictor. Additionally, demographic variables such as gender and locality were found to moderate these relationships. This study provides valuable insights into the factors influencing teaching effectiveness among PE teachers and highlights the importance of addressing WRQoL in educational settings. Practical implications and recommendations for enhancing PE teachers' well-being and instructional effectiveness are discussed

NAVIGATING WORKPLACE DYNAMICS: EXPLORING THE INTERPLAY OF OSTRACISM, INTERPERSONAL DEVIANCE, AND THE MEDIATING INFLUENCE OF EMPLOYEE SILENCE, EMOTIONAL EXHAUSTION WITH MODERATOR INGRATIATION AS A MITIGATING FACTOR

This study investigates the intricate interplay of workplace dynamics, focusing on the relationships between ostracism, interpersonal deviance, and the arbitrating influences of employee silence and emotional exhaustion. Additionally, the moderating role of ingratiating behavior is explored as a potential mitigating factor. Data for this research was collected using cross-sectional survey design with a sample size of 236 academic staff from public sector universities in Quetta. To assess the association Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was conducted in AMOS and Andrew Hays Process in SPSS was employed. Results indicate a significant association between ostracism and interpersonal deviance, shedding light on the negative consequences for employees and organizational dynamics. Furthermore, the study reveals that employee silence and emotional exhaustion serve as critical mediating mechanisms, elucidating the psychological pathways through which workplace challenges impact individuals. Notably, the inclusion of ingratiating behavior as a moderator introduces a novel perspective, suggesting that certain employee behaviors may alleviate or exacerbate the observed effects. The implications of this research are multifaceted. Practically, organizations can use these insights to inform interventions that address workplace challenges and foster a positive organizational culture. Recommendations include targeted training programs, leadership development initiatives, and continuous monitoring systems to create a supportive work environment. Findings offer practical guidance for organizations seeking to enhance employee well-being and optimize organizational performance in the face of challenging interpersonal dynamics

ادھوری پرواز: مغرب کا ایجنڈا سیٹنگ اور پاکستانی قوم کا المیہ: Adhoori Parwaaz: Western Agenda-Setting and the Tragedy of the Pakistani Nation

The concept of agenda-setting posits that media plays a crucial role in shaping public perception by prioritizing specific narratives and influencing the collective stance. This phenomenon has gained significant attention, particularly in the post-9/11 era, where it has been used as a tool to advance particular agendas in developed nations. Through broad and complex frameworks, media channels have steered public discourse and guided societal priorities.  In the 21st century, the agenda-setting theory has increasingly been applied to the Muslim world, affecting critical areas such as politics, economics, sociology, and cultural identity. This manipulation of media narratives has often led to adverse outcomes, a theme explored in Syed Hassnain Haider's novel, dedicated to the countless innocent lives lost in the so-called war on terror. Haider's novel, Adhori Parwaaz, offers a profound critique of post-9/11 media strategies that have perpetuated misunderstandings and hostility, particularly towards Muslims residing in America. The novel sheds light on the fabricated narratives used to justify unjust treatment and vilification of this community. By dissecting these constructed conflicts, the author underscores how the media has contributed to the widening chasm of mistrust between the West and the Muslim world. The novel ultimately calls for the promotion of truth, peace, and human solidarity, while challenging the political forces that exploit hatred for their own interests. &nbsp

اردو کے گرامر کی تفصیلات: زبان کے فنون اور قواعد کی نئی سمتیں

This article explores the evolving landscape of Urdu grammar, focusing on the new directions in the art and rules of the language. The study discusses the historical development of Urdu grammar, its structure, and the transformations that have occurred over time. Special attention is given to recent trends in grammar, the influence of modern linguistic theories, and the incorporation of global linguistic elements into Urdu. Through a detailed analysis, the paper aims to highlight how Urdu grammar continues to adapt to contemporary linguistic needs, serving both as a tool for effective communication and as a means of preserving cultural heritage. The discussion includes theoretical perspectives, practical implications, and the integration of new grammatical structures in educational contexts