Diffuse scattering model for human brain wave (Alpha) propagation prediction during meditation inside a temple, through ray tracing, a hypothetical study

Electromagnetic radio waves have been propagating for billions of years through the universe since the beginning of time. Electromagnetic radio wave propagation and the communication revolution it spawned, however are products of the twentieth century. Radio propagation in a particular environment is a complex, multipath phenomenon which involves several different mechanisms. According to a traditional, simplified approach, two  major urban propagation mechanisms are identified over-roof-top (ORT) or vertical propagation (VP), where one major radial path undergoes multiple diffractions on building tops, and lateral propagation (LP) where several rays reflect/diffract all vertical building walls/edges according to the geometrical Optics (GO) rules before reaching the receiver

Prevalence of needle stick injuries, its associated factors and awareness among nursing staff at tertiary care hospital of North India

Background: Needle Stick Injuries (NSIs) are defined as accidental skin penetrating injuries caused by needles. It is the single greatest occupational hazard to a medical personnel. In developing countries, needle stick injury is associated with the highest global prevalence of HIV, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C. Aim & Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of needle stick injuries, its associated risk factors and assess the awareness regarding needle stick injuries among nursing staff. Material & Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among nursing staff who were working at a tertiary care hospital in Northern India during June 2019 to November 2019. The study commenced after taking prior approval from institutional ethics committee. A census method was used to include the participants. Results: Around 66.7% of the nursing staff was exposed to NSIs during their working hours at the hospital. There was significant association of needle stick injuries with place of working and education of nursing staff in multivariate binary logistic regression. About 26% of the nurses were unaware that recapping should be done or not for used needle, and 35% of staff nurses recapped the needle after the use. Conclusion: Needle stick injuries can be prevented by continued education, effective training, providing better safety devices, a positive work environment

Assessment of water quality of River Ganges during Kumbh mela 2010

In the present study the water quality of Ganga River was assessed during Maha Kumbh-2010.  River water samples were collected from five sites.  Various Physico-Chemical and microbiological parameters were analysed. It was observed that all parameters were within the permissible limit according to WHO (2009) and BIS (2004) except most probable number that is the indication of low sanitary condition and it can further lead to the outbreak of diseases. During this mass bathing two sites were found to be more affected than the other three sites. These were noted to Har-ki-pauri and Mayapur ghat at Haridwar, at these sites parameters are observed to be slightly raised in comparison to other three sites

Angiogenic Index as a Measure of Angiogenesis in Prostate Cancer and Its Correlation with Gleason Grade and Score

Introduction: Microvessel density, as a measure of angiogenesis, predicts prognosis in prostate cancer. Angiogenic Index (AI, numerical value of angiogenesis) minimises the possible variation concerning the width of the microscopic field, stromal epithelial relations and cellular tumour size. Aim: To study AI in prostate cancer and its correlation with Gleason Grade (GG) and Gleason Score (GS). Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional, study was done at Postgraduate Department of Pathology, Sarojini Naidu Medical College, Agra, India, from September 2019 to December 2020. Twenty five histopathologically confirmed prostate adenocarcinoma specimens from radical prostatectomy, Transurethral Resection of Prostate (TURP), and needle biopsy were included in the study. These cases were categorised according to Gleason Grade (GG); Gleason Score (GS) was assigned to each case. The GSs were simplified into three groups: low (GS 2-6), intermediate (GS 7) and high-grade (GS 8-10). Immunohistochemical {Cluster Differentiation (CD) 31} blood vessel staining was done to calculate AI. Statistical significance was determined by Unpaired t-test. Results: All the cases were males with age range from 55- 76 years (mean age was 65.48±5.62 years). Mean AI was 13.74, 83.76, 163.27, 299.12 for the GG1, GG3, GG4, GG5, respectively. Mean AI was 29.72, 82.67, 129.15, 190.31, 206.71, 307.34 for GS 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, respectively. Comparing GG among themselves, statistically significant difference in AI was found between GG3 vs GG4 (p-value=0.0056, r-value=0.5269). Difference was also statistically significant between GG3 vs GG5 (p-value=0.000011, r-value=0.8030) and GG4 vs GG5 (p-value=0.0036, r-value=0.5806). In all scores combined, the mean AI was 56.20 for low-grade (GS 2-6), 129.15 for intermediate-grade (GS 7), 247.35 for high-grade (GS 8-10). Statistically significant difference was found in between AI (p-value <0.05) in all Gleason scores. Conclusion: Positive correlation was observed between AI, GG and GS in prostatic adenocarcinoma. AI may be of immense value to predict prognosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma

Transcriptomic and metabolomic shifts in rice roots in response to Cr (VI) stress

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Widespread use of chromium (Cr) contaminated fields due to careless and inappropriate management practices of effluent discharge, mostly from industries related to metallurgy, electroplating, production of paints and pigments, tanning, and wood preservation elevates its concentration in surface soil and eventually into rice plants and grains. In spite of many previous studies having been conducted on the effects of chromium stress, the precise molecular mechanisms related to both the effects of chromium phytotoxicity, the defense reactions of plants against chromium exposure as well as translocation and accumulation in rice remain poorly understood.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Detailed analysis of genome-wide transcriptome profiling in rice root is reported here, following Cr-plant interaction. Such studies are important for the identification of genes responsible for tolerance, accumulation and defense response in plants with respect to Cr stress. Rice root metabolome analysis was also carried out to relate differential transcriptome data to biological processes affected by Cr (VI) stress in rice. To check whether the Cr-specific motifs were indeed significantly over represented in the promoter regions of Cr-responsive genes, occurrence of these motifs in whole genome sequence was carried out. In the background of whole genome, the lift value for these 14 and 13 motifs was significantly high in the test dataset. Though no functional role has been assigned to any of the motifs, but all of these are present as promoter motifs in the Database of orthologus promoters.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These findings clearly suggest that a complex network of regulatory pathways modulates Cr-response of rice. The integrated matrix of both transcriptome and metabolome data after suitable normalization and initial calculations provided us a visual picture of the correlations between components. Predominance of different motifs in the subsets of genes suggests the involvement of motif-specific transcription modulating proteins in Cr stress response of rice.</p

The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010-19 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4.45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4.01-4.94) deaths and 105 million (95.0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44.4% (41.3-48.4) of all cancer deaths and 42.0% (39.1-45.6) of all DALYs. There were 2.88 million (2.60-3.18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50.6% [47.8-54.1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1.58 million (1.36-1.84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36.3% [32.5-41.3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20.4% (12.6-28.4) and DALYs by 16.8% (8.8-25.0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34.7% [27.9-42.8] and 33.3% [25.8-42.0]). Interpretation The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.Peer reviewe

Measurement of t(t)over-bar normalised multi-differential cross sections in pp collisions at root s=13 TeV, and simultaneous determination of the strong coupling strength, top quark pole mass, and parton distribution functions

Peer reviewe

Calibration of the CMS hadron calorimeters using proton-proton collision data at root s=13 TeV

Methods are presented for calibrating the hadron calorimeter system of theCMSetector at the LHC. The hadron calorimeters of the CMS experiment are sampling calorimeters of brass and scintillator, and are in the form of one central detector and two endcaps. These calorimeters cover pseudorapidities vertical bar eta vertical bar ee data. The energy scale of the outer calorimeters has been determined with test beam data and is confirmed through data with high transverse momentum jets. In this paper, we present the details of the calibration methods and accuracy.Peer reviewe

MUSiC : a model-unspecific search for new physics in proton-proton collisions at root s=13TeV

Results of the Model Unspecific Search in CMS (MUSiC), using proton-proton collision data recorded at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1), are presented. The MUSiC analysis searches for anomalies that could be signatures of physics beyond the standard model. The analysis is based on the comparison of observed data with the standard model prediction, as determined from simulation, in several hundred final states and multiple kinematic distributions. Events containing at least one electron or muon are classified based on their final state topology, and an automated search algorithm surveys the observed data for deviations from the prediction. The sensitivity of the search is validated using multiple methods. No significant deviations from the predictions have been observed. For a wide range of final state topologies, agreement is found between the data and the standard model simulation. This analysis complements dedicated search analyses by significantly expanding the range of final states covered using a model independent approach with the largest data set to date to probe phase space regions beyond the reach of previous general searches.Peer reviewe

Measurement of prompt open-charm production cross sections in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

The production cross sections for prompt open-charm mesons in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13TeV are reported. The measurement is performed using a data sample collected by the CMS experiment corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 29 nb(-1). The differential production cross sections of the D*(+/-), D-+/-, and D-0 ((D) over bar (0)) mesons are presented in ranges of transverse momentum and pseudorapidity 4 < p(T) < 100 GeV and vertical bar eta vertical bar < 2.1, respectively. The results are compared to several theoretical calculations and to previous measurements.Peer reviewe