In situ H(2)S passivation of In(0.53)Ga(0.47)As/InP metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors with atomic-layer deposited HfO(2) gate dielectric

We have studied an in situ passivation of In(0.53)Ga(0.47)As, based on H(2)S exposure (50-350 degrees C) following metal organic vapor phase epitaxy growth, prior to atomic layer deposition of HfO(2) using Hf[N(CH(3))(2)](4) and H(2)O precursors. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the suppression of As oxide formation in air exposed InGaAs surfaces for all H(2)S exposure temperatures. Transmission electron microscopy analysis demonstrates a reduction of the interface oxide between the In(0.53)Ga(0.47)As epitaxial layer and the amorphous HfO(2) resulting from the in situ H(2)S passivation. The capacitance-voltage and current-voltage behavior of Pd/HfO(2)/In(0.53)Ga(0.47)As/InP structures demonstrates that the electrical characteristics of samples exposed to 50 degrees C H(2)S at the end of the metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy In(0.53)Ga(0.47)As growth are comparable to those obtained using an ex situ aqueous (NH(4))(2)S passivation. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. (DOI: 10.1063/1.2829586

Structural analysis, elemental profiling, and electrical characterization of HfO2 thin films deposited on In0.53Ga0.47As surfaces by atomic layer deposition

In this work results are presented on the structural analysis, chemical composition, and interface state densities of HfO2 thin films deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) from Hf[N(CH3)(2)](4) and H2O on In0.53Ga0.47As/InP substrates. The structural and chemical properties are investigated using high resolution cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy. HfO2 films (3-15 nm) deposited on In0.53Ga0.47As are studied following a range of surface treatments including in situ treatment of the In0.53Ga0.47As surface by H2S exposure at 50-350 degrees C immediately following the metal organic vapor phase epitaxy growth of the In0.53Ga0.47As layer, ex situ treatment with (NH4)(2)S, and deposition on the native oxides of In0.53Ga0.47As with no surface treatment. The structural analysis indicates that the In0.53Ga0.47As surface preparation prior to HfO2 film deposition influences the thickness of the HfO2 film and the interlayer oxide. The complete interfacial self-cleaning of the In(0.53)Gas(0.47)As native oxides is not observed using an ALD process based on the Hf[N(CH3)(2)](4) precursor and H2O. Elemental profiling of the HfO2/In0.53Ga0.47As interface region by electron energy loss spectroscopy reveals an interface oxide layer of 1-2 nm in thickness, which consists primarily of Ga oxides. Using a conductance method approximation, peak interface state densities in the range from 6 x 10(12) to 2 x 10(13) cm(-2) eV(-1) are estimated depending on the surface preparation. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3243234

Quantum erasure using entangled surface acoustic phonons

Using the deterministic, on-demand generation of two entangled phonons, we demonstrate a quantum eraser protocol in a phononic interferometer where the which-path information can be heralded during the interference process. Omitting the heralding step yields a clear interference pattern in the interfering half-quanta pathways; including the heralding step suppresses this pattern. If we erase the heralded information after the interference has been measured, the interference pattern is recovered, thereby implementing a delayed-choice quantum erasure. The test is implemented using a closed surface-acoustic-wave communication channel into which one superconducting qubit can emit itinerant phonons that the same or a second qubit can later re-capture. If the first qubit releases only half of a phonon, the system follows a superposition of paths during the phonon propagation: either an itinerant phonon is in the channel, or the first qubit remains in its excited state. These two paths are made to constructively or destructively interfere by changing the relative phase of the two intermediate states, resulting in a phase-dependent modulation of the first qubit's final state, following interaction with the half-phonon. A heralding mechanism is added to this construct, entangling a heralding phonon with the signalling phonon. The first qubit emits a phonon herald conditioned on the qubit being in its excited state, with no signaling phonon, and the second qubit catches this heralding phonon, storing which-path information which can either be read out, destroying the signaling phonon's self-interference, or erased.Comment: 16 pages, 8 figure

Time-series hyperpolarized xenon-129 MRI of lobar lung ventilation of COPD in comparison to V/Q-SPECT/CT and CT

Purpose To derive lobar ventilation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) using a rapid time-series hyperpolarized xenon-129 (HPX) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique and compare this to ventilation/perfusion singlephoton emission computed tomography (V/Q-SPECT), correlating the results with high-resolution computed tomography (CT) and pulmonary function tests (PFTs).Materials and methods Twelve COPD subjects (GOLD stages I–IV) participated in this study and underwent HPX-MRI, V/QSPECT/CT, high-resolution CT, and PFTs. HPX-MRI was performed using a novel time-series spiral k-space sampling approach. Relative percentage ventilations were calculated for individual lobe for comparison to the relative SPECT lobar ventilation and perfusion. The absolute HPX-MRI percentage ventilation in each lobe was compared to the absolute CT percentage emphysema score calculated using a signal threshold method. Pearson’s correlation and linear regression tests were performed to compare each imaging modality.Results Strong correlations were found between the relative lobar percentage ventilation with HPX-MRI and percentage ventilation SPECT (r = 0.644; p Conclusion Lobar ventilation with HPX-MRI showed a strong correlation with lobar ventilation and perfusion measurements derived from SPECT/CT, and is better than the emphysema score obtained with high-resolution CT.</div

Time-series hyperpolarized xenon-129 MRI of lobar lung ventilation of COPD in comparison to V/Q-SPECT/CT and CT

PurposeTo derive lobar ventilation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) using a rapid time-series hyperpolarized xenon-129 (HPX) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique and compare this to ventilation/perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography (V/Q-SPECT), correlating the results with high-resolution computed tomography (CT) and pulmonary function tests (PFTs).Materials and methodsTwelve COPD subjects (GOLD stages I–IV) participated in this study and underwent HPX-MRI, V/Q-SPECT/CT, high-resolution CT, and PFTs. HPX-MRI was performed using a novel time-series spiral k-space sampling approach. Relative percentage ventilations were calculated for individual lobe for comparison to the relative SPECT lobar ventilation and perfusion. The absolute HPX-MRI percentage ventilation in each lobe was compared to the absolute CT percentage emphysema score calculated using a signal threshold method. Pearson’s correlation and linear regression tests were performed to compare each imaging modality.ResultsStrong correlations were found between the relative lobar percentage ventilation with HPX-MRI and percentage ventilation SPECT (r = 0.644; p < 0.001) and percentage perfusion SPECT (r = 0.767; p < 0.001). The absolute CT percentage emphysema and HPX percentage ventilation correlation was also statistically significant (r = 0.695, p < 0.001). The whole lung HPX percentage ventilation correlated with the PFT measurements (FEV1 with r = − 0.886, p < 0.001*, and FEV1/FVC with r = − 0.861, p < 0.001*) better than the whole lung CT percentage emphysema score (FEV1 with r = − 0.635, p = 0.027; and FEV1/FVC with r = − 0.652, p = 0.021).ConclusionLobar ventilation with HPX-MRI showed a strong correlation with lobar ventilation and perfusion measurements derived from SPECT/CT, and is better than the emphysema score obtained with high-resolution CT

Structural and electronic properties of polycrystalline InAs thin films deposited on silicon dioxide and glass at temperatures below 500 °c

Polycrystalline indium arsenide (poly InAs) thin films grown at 475 °C by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) are explored as possible candidates for low-temperature-grown semiconducting materials. Structural and transport properties of the films are reported, with electron mobilities of ~100 cm2/V·s achieved at room temperature, and values reaching 155 cm2/V·s for a heterostructure including the polycrystalline InAs film. Test structures fabricated with an aluminum oxide (Al2O3) top-gate dielectric show that transistor-type behavior is possible when poly InAs films are implemented as the channel material, with maximum ION/IOFF > 250 achieved at −50 °C and ION/IOFF = 90 at room temperature. Factors limiting the ION/IOFF ratio are investigated and recommendations are made for future implementation of this material

Crop Updates 2002 - Cereals

This session covers thirty one papers from different authors: VARIETIES AND BREEDING 1. Agronomic evaluation of wheat and barley in the central wheatbelt of Western Australia, Peter Burgess1and Gary Fawell2, 1Agritech and 2Farmanco Management 2. Evaluating stress tolerance to terminal drought by Western Australian wheats, Dean Diepeveen and Dr Tim Setter, Department of Agriculture 3. Broadscale wheat variety comparisons featuring Wyalkatchem, Jeff Russell, Department of Agriculture 4. Australian crop accreditation system variety selector, Tony Seymour, Australian Crop Accreditation System 5. Future wheat varieties, Robin Wilson, Iain Barclay,Robyn McLean, Robert Loughman, Jenny Garlinge, Bill Lambe, Neil Venn and Peter Clarke, Department of Agriculture AGRONOMY 6. Beware of wheat variety interactions with row spacing and seed rate, Mohammad Amjad and Wal Anderson, Department of Agriculture 7. Yield and falling numbers of wheat varieties on the South Coast, Mohammad Amjad and Wal Anderson, Department of Agriculture 8. Maximising wheat variety performance through agronomic management, Wal Anderson, Raffaele Del Cima, James Bee, Darshan Sharma, Sheena Lyon, Melaine Kupsch, Mohammad Amjad, Pam Burgess, Veronika Reck, Brenda Shackley, Ray Tugwell, BindiWebb and Steve Penny Jr, Department of Agriculture 9. High impact of soil type and seasonal rainfall on optimum wheat seed rate , Raffaele Del Cima and Wal Anderson Department of Agriculture 10. 101 seasons in one day: Using the ‘WA Wheat’ database to predict wheat yield, James Fisher1, Bill Bowden1, Craig Scanlan1, Senthold Asseng2and Michael Robertson2 1Department of Agriculture, 2CSIRO 11. Economics of improving compact soils, M.A. Hamza1, G. McConnell2and W.K. Anderson1, 1Department of Agriculture, 2Planfarm 12. Reducing the risks in producing durum wheat in Western Australia, Md Shahajahan Miyan and Wal Anderson, Department of Agriculture 13. Taking the Why out of Wyalkatchem – the new widely adopted wheat variety, Steve Penny, Department of Agriculture 14. Influence of nutrition and environmental factors on seed vigour in wheat, Darshan Sharma, Wal Anderson and Daya Patabendige, Department of Agriculture NUTRITION 15. N and K are important for oat yield and quality, Patrick Gethin, Stephen Loss, Tim O’Dea, Ryan Guthrie and Lisa Leaver, CSBP Futurefarm 16. Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on the grain yield and quality of noodle wheat, Tyrone Henning1, Lionel Martin1and Wal Anderson2 1Muresk Institute of Agriculture, 2Department of Agriculture 17. Assessment of a high input fertiliser regime on the yield and quality of Gairdner barley, Narelle Hill1, Simon Wallwork2and Laurence Carslake2 1Department of Agriculture, 2Wesfarmers Landmark 18. The use of Flexi-N to achieve high yielding, high protein wheat, Darren Hughes1, Lionel Martin1, Wal Anderson2and Stephen Loss3 1Muresk Institute of Agriculture, 2Department of Agriculture, 3CSBP Futurefarm 19. Are liquid phosphorus fertilisers more efficient than solid fertilisers in Western Australia?Stephen Loss, Lisa Leaver, Ryan Guthrie, Patrick Gethin and Tim O’Dea, CSBP Futurefarm 20. Oats respond to phosphorus and potassium, Glenn McDonald, Department of Agriculture PESTS AND DISEASES 21. Cereal disease diagnostics and rust monitoring, Nichole Burges and Dominie Wright, Department of Agriculture 22. Distribution and incidence of aphids and barley yellow dwarf virus in over-summering grasses in the Western Australian wheatbelt, Jenny Hawkes and Roger Jones, Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture and Department of Agriculture 23. Spring sprays for powdery mildew control in cereals, Kith Jayasena1, Kazue Tanaka1, Vanessa Johnson1, Robert Loughman1and Josh Jury2 1Department of Agriculture, 2Wesfarmers Landmark 24. Impact of root lesion nematodes on wheat and triticale in Western Australia, Sean Kelly and Shashi Sharma, Department of Agriculture 25. Cropping options for the management of root lesion nematodes in Western Australia, Sean Kelly, Shashi Sharma and Robert Loughman, Department of Agriculture 26. Cereal rust update 2002 – new stem rust on Camm wheat, Robert Loughman1and Robert Park2 1Department of Agriculture, 2University of Sydney 27. Cereal aphids and direct feeding damage to cereals, Phil Michael, Department of Agriculture 28. A decision support system for control of aphids and BYDV in cereal crops, Debbie Thackray, Jenny Hawkes and Roger Jones, Department of Agriculture and Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture STORAGE 29. Aeration – opportunity for profit, Christopher Newman, Department of Agriculture CLIMATE 30. Financial impact of frost on the Western Australian grains industry, Garren Knell and Kim Povey, ConsultAg 31. Summary of 2001 weather and seasonal prospects for 2002, David Stephens, Department of Agricultur

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Modeling and Preliminary Finite Element Analysis on the Spun Structure for the CPInterSEP Project

This paper details the process of modeling and importing the model into FEA for the spun structure of the BS376 spacecraft. Engineering drawings were converted into 3D models using Pro/Engineer and then imported and into Patran for pre-processing of a Finite Element Model. To verify the Finite Element Model, several test cases were set up and solved using Nastran solver. Our simple load cases were found to be in congruence with analytical solution methods validating the finite element model