95 research outputs found
Tensile Deformation of Oriented Poly(Δ-caprolactone) and Its Miscible Blends with Poly(vinyl methyl ether)
The structural evolution of micromolded poly(Δ-caprolactone)
(PCL) and its miscible blends with noncrystallizable poly(vinyl
methyl ether) (PVME) at the nanoscale was investigated as a function of
deformation ratio and blend composition using in situ synchrotron smallangle
X-ray scattering (SAXS) and scanning SAXS techniques. It was
found that the deformation mechanism of the oriented samples shows a
general scheme for the process of tensile deformation: crystal block slips
within the lamellae occur at small deformations followed by a stressinduced
fragmentation and recrystallization process along the drawing
direction at a critical strain where the average thickness of the crystalline
lamellae remains essentially constant during stretching. The value of the
critical strain depends on the amount of the amorphous component
incorporated in the blends, which could be traced back to the lower
modulus of the entangled amorphous phase and, therefore, the reduced network stress acting on the crystallites upon addition of
PVME. When stretching beyond the critical strain the slippage of the fibrils (stacks of newly formed lamellae) past each other
takes place resulting in a relaxation of stretched interlamellar amorphous chains. Because of deformation-induced introduction of
the amorphous PVME into the interfibrillar regions in the highly oriented blends, the interactions between fibrils becomes
stronger upon further deformation and thus impeding sliding of the fibrils to some extent leading finally to less contraction of the
interlamellar amorphous layers compared to the pure PCLNational Natural Science Foundation of China (21204088 and 21134006). This
work is within the framework of the RCUK/EPSRC Science Bridges China project of UKâChina Advanced Materials Research Institute (AMRI)
The anthropology of money and finance : between ethnography and world history
We review here recent developments in the anthropology of money and finance, listing its
achievements, shortcomings and prospects, while referring back to the disciplineâs founders a
century ago. We take our departure from the work of Marcel Mauss and Karl Polanyi, both of
whom combined openness to ethnographic research with a vision of world history as a whole.
Since the 1960s, anthropologists have tended to restrict themselves to niche fields and
marginal debates. From the 1980s the anthropological study of money and ethnographies of
finance especially have taken off. Despite taking on new objects and directions,
anthropologists still find it difficult to connect their situated analyses with global processes
and world history. We propose some conceptual and empirical directions for research that
would seek to overcome these limitations by integrating ethnography more closely with
human history, while stressing the importance of money in shaping world society and in
attempts to reform it.http://www.annualreviews.org/hb201
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