Change Detection im städtischen Umfeld von Graz/Österreich mit sehr hoch auflösenden UltraCamDaten

Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit der Analyse von Landnutzungsänderungen mittels hochauflösender UltraCam-Daten in einer städtischen Umgebung. Das Hauptziel ist es, herauszufinden, ob die Daten geeignet sind, um Landnutzungs- bzw. Landschaftsveränderungen in Städten, die sich durch hohe Heterogenität und rasche Veränderung auszeichnen, halbautomatisch zu erkennen. Die theoretischen Ansätze und Fernerkundungsänderungserfassungsprinzipien werden im ersten Teil des Beitrages behandelt. Die Anzahl der Änderungserkennungsmethoden ist enorm und daher wird ein "Stand der Technik" präsentiert. Der zweite Hauptteil widmet sich der Entwicklung einer Änderungserkennungsmethode für Testgebiete der Stadt Graz und deren Anwendung auf das gesamt Stadtgebiet. Dabei wird ein objektbasiertes, wissensbasiertes Hybridänderungs-Erkennungsverfahren, bzw. die Integration von „image differencing, image rationing and principle component analysis“ angwandt. Die Umwelteinflüsse und Dateneigenschaften, die einen großen Einfluss auf die Genauigkeit des Änderungserfassungsergebnisses haben, werden sowohl für die Befliegungszeiträume (September 2007, Juni 2011 und März/April 2015) dokumentiert und erörtert. Der letzte Teil dieses Aufsatzes beschäftigt sich mit der Diskussion der Ergebnisse der Change Detection Analysen und der Eignung der erreichten Methodik für die Anwendungen in der städtischen Planung durch das Magistrat Graz

Identification of six new susceptibility loci for invasive epithelial ovarian cancer.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 12 epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) susceptibility alleles. The pattern of association at these loci is consistent in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers who are at high risk of EOC. After imputation to 1000 Genomes Project data, we assessed associations of 11 million genetic variants with EOC risk from 15,437 cases unselected for family history and 30,845 controls and from 15,252 BRCA1 mutation carriers and 8,211 BRCA2 mutation carriers (3,096 with ovarian cancer), and we combined the results in a meta-analysis. This new study design yielded increased statistical power, leading to the discovery of six new EOC susceptibility loci. Variants at 1p36 (nearest gene, WNT4), 4q26 (SYNPO2), 9q34.2 (ABO) and 17q11.2 (ATAD5) were associated with EOC risk, and at 1p34.3 (RSPO1) and 6p22.1 (GPX6) variants were specifically associated with the serous EOC subtype, all with P < 5 × 10(-8). Incorporating these variants into risk assessment tools will improve clinical risk predictions for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers.COGS project is funded through a European Commission's Seventh Framework Programme grant (agreement number 223175 ] HEALTH ]F2 ]2009 ]223175). The CIMBA data management and data analysis were supported by Cancer Research.UK grants 12292/A11174 and C1287/A10118. The Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium is supported by a grant from the Ovarian Cancer Research Fund thanks to donations by the family and friends of Kathryn Sladek Smith (PPD/RPCI.07). The scientific development and funding for this project were in part supported by the US National Cancer Institute GAME ]ON Post ]GWAS Initiative (U19 ]CA148112). This study made use of data generated by the Wellcome Trust Case Control consortium. Funding for the project was provided by the Wellcome Trust under award 076113. The results published here are in part based upon data generated by The Cancer Genome Atlas Pilot Project established by the National Cancer Institute and National Human Genome Research Institute (dbGap accession number phs000178.v8.p7). The cBio portal is developed and maintained by the Computational Biology Center at Memorial Sloan ] Kettering Cancer Center. SH is supported by an NHMRC Program Grant to GCT. Details of the funding of individual investigators and studies are provided in the Supplementary Note. This study made use of data generated by the Wellcome Trust Case Control consortium, funding for which was provided by the Wellcome Trust under award 076113. The results published here are, in part, based upon data generated by The Cancer Genome Atlas Pilot Project established by the National Cancerhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng.3185This is the Author Accepted Manuscript of 'Identification of six new susceptibility loci for invasive epithelial ovarian cancer' which was published in Nature Genetics 47, 164–171 (2015) © Nature Publishing Group - content may only be used for academic research

Functional mechanisms underlying pleiotropic risk alleles at the 19p13.1 breast-ovarian cancer susceptibility locus

A locus at 19p13 is associated with breast cancer (BC) and ovarian cancer (OC) risk. Here we analyse 438 SNPs in this region in 46,451 BC and 15,438 OC cases, 15,252 BRCA1 mutation carriers and 73,444 controls and identify 13 candidate causal SNPs associated with serous OC (P = 9.2 x 10(-20)), ER-negative BC (P = 1.1 x 10(-13)), BRCA1-associated BC (P = 7.7 x 10(-16)) and triple negative BC (P-diff = 2 x 10(-5)). Genotype-gene expression associations are identified for candidate target genes ANKLE1 (P = 2 x 10(-3)) and ABHD8 (PPeer reviewe

Objektbasierte Klassifikation hochauflösender WorldView-3 Satellitenbilddaten der Stadt Graz

In der vorliegenden Arbeit kommt ein objektorientiertes Verfahren zur Erstellung einer Landbedeckungs- beziehungsweise Landnutzungsklassifikation zum Einsatz. Die Datenbasis besteht aus einer geometrisch und spektral hochaufgelösten WorldView-3 Satellitenbildszene der Stadt Graz. Es wird nicht nur auf den Klassifikationsprozess eingegangen, sondern auch untersucht welche Vorverarbeitungsschritte nötig sind um einen reibungsfreien Ablauf der Klassifikation zu gewährleisten. Das Hauptaugenmerk innerhalb der Vorverarbeitungsschritte liegt auf der geometrischen Verbesserung und dem Schärfen der Bilder. Im Zuge dessen wurden drei pansharpening-Methoden angewandt und überprüft.Die Arbeit ist grundsätzlich in einen theoretischen und einen praktischen Teil geteilt. Im Theorieteil werden wichtige Begriffe definiert (Kapitel 2) und ein Überblick über aktuelle Forschungen im Zusammenhang mit objektbasierter Klassifikationsverfahren von Hochauflösenden Luft- und Satellitenbilddaten erläutert(Kapitel 3). In Kapitel 4 und 5 werden die Datengrundlagen und das Untersuchungsgebiet beschrieben. Anschließend werden im zweiten Teil der Arbeit die Vorverarbeitungsschritte dargelegt und evaluiert (Kapitel 6.1). Nach der Vorverarbeitung wird die Erstellung der einzelnen Klassen beschrieben. Besonderer Fokus im Rahmen der Klassifikation liegt auf der großen spektralen Auflösung der Datenbasis. Anhand dieser wird untersucht, inwieweit die Klassifikationslegende verfeinert werden kann. Dabei wurden verschiedene spektrale Indizes berechnet und zur Anwendung gebracht. Die Klassifikation wurde hauptsächlich über diese spektralen Merkmale durchgeführt, lediglich ein nDSM aus dem Jahr 2011 wurde miteingebunden um erhöhte Vegetationsflächen zu klassifizieren. Abschließend werden die Ergebnisse visualisiert und einer Genauigkeitsüberprüfung unterzogen.The present thesis deals with an object-based image-classification approach to create a landcover classification. The database is based on a scene of geometrical and spectral high resolution WorldView-3 satellite images of Graz. The thesis does not only deal with the classification process, but also with the investigation of the necessary steps of preprocessing to ensure a trouble-free classification procedure. Therefore, the main focus is on geometrical enhancement and pansharpening the image. In this thesis, three pansharpening methods have been applied and reviewed. In order to collect reliable data to answer the research questions, the thesis is divided into a theoretical part and a practical part. A systematic literature research was accomplished, to define important terms and to show an overview of current research conducted on object-based classification of high resolution image data (aerial and satellite).The second part of the thesis focuses on preprocessing and classification. Within the classification process, emphasis is put on the spectral resolution of the satellites image. Relating to this spectral resolution, it is examined to what extent the classification legend can be refined. Therefore various spectral indices were calculated and applied. The classification was mainly done on these spectral features, only a 2011 nDSM was included to classify forest and increased vegetation areas. Finally, the results are visualized and subjected to an accuracy assessment.vorgelegt von Florian Pfeiler, BScZusammenfassungen in Deutsch und EnglischAbweichender Titel laut Übersetzung des VerfassersKarl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Masterarbeit, 2018(VLID)281641

Phagocytosis of a PFOB-Nanoemulsion for ¹⁹F Magnetic Resonance Imaging: First Results in Monocytes of Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease and ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Fluorine-19 magnetic resonance imaging (19F MRI) with intravenously applied perfluorooctyl bromide-nanoemulsions (PFOB-NE) has proven its feasibility to visualize inflammatory processes in experimental disease models. This approach is based on the properties of monocytes/macrophages to ingest PFOB-NE particles enabling specific cell tracking in vivo. However, information on safety (cellular function and viability), mechanism of ingestion and impact of specific disease environment on PFOB-NE uptake is lacking. This information is, however, crucial for the interpretation of 19F MRI signals and a possible translation to clinical application. To address these issues, whole blood samples were collected from patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) and healthy volunteers. Samples were exposed to fluorescently-labeled PFOB-NE and particle uptake, cell viability and migration activity was evaluated by flow cytometry and MRI. We were able to show that PFOB-NE is ingested by human monocytes in a time- and subset-dependent manner via active phagocytosis. Monocyte function (migration, phagocytosis) and viability was maintained after PFOB-NE uptake. Monocytes of STEMI and SCAD patients did not differ in their maximal PFOB-NE uptake compared to healthy controls. In sum, our study provides further evidence for a safe translation of PFOB-NE for imaging purposes in humans

Response prediction to neoadjuvant chemotherapy: comparison between pre-therapeutic gene expression profiles and in vitro chemosensitivity assay.

Although the use of (neo-)adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients has resulted in improved outcome, not all patients benefit equally. We have evaluated the utility of an in vitro chemosensitivity assay in predicting response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Pre-therapeutic biopsies were obtained from 30 breast cancer patients assigned to neoadjuvant epirubicin 75 mg/m2 and docetaxel 75 mg/m2 (Epi/Doc) in a prospectively randomized clinical trial. Biopsies were subjected to a standardized ATP-based Epi/Doc chemosensitivity assay, and to gene expression profiling. Patients then received 3 cycles of chemotherapy, and response was evaluated by changes in tumor diameter and Ki67 expression. The efficacy of Epi/Doc in vitro was correlated with differential changes in tumor cell proliferation in response to Epi/Doc in vivo (p = 0.0011; r = 0.73670, Spearmańs rho), but did not predict for changes in tumor size. While a pre-therapeutic gene expression signature identified tumors with a clinical response to Epi/Doc, no such signature could be found for tumors that responded to Epi/Doc in vitro, or tumors in which Epi/Doc exerted an antiproliferative effect in vivo. This is the first prospective clinical trial to demonstrate the utility of a standardized in vitro chemosensitivity assay in predicting the individual biological response to chemotherapy in breast cancer

Regional analysis of inflammation and contractile function in reperfused acute myocardial infarction by in vivo 19F cardiovascular magnetic resonance in pigs

Inflammatory cell infiltration is central to healing after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The relation of regional inflammation to edema, infarct size (IS), microvascular obstruction (MVO), intramyocardial hemorrhage (IMH), and regional and global LV function is not clear. Here we noninvasively characterized regional inflammation and contractile function in reperfused AMI in pigs using fluorine (19F) cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). Adult anesthetized pigs underwent left anterior descending coronary artery instrumentation with either 90 min occlusion (n = 17) or without occlusion (sham, n = 5). After 3 days, in surviving animals a perfluorooctyl bromide nanoemulsion was infused intravenously to label monocytes/macrophages. At day 6, in vivo 1H-CMR was performed with cine, T2 and T2* weighted imaging, T2 and T1 mapping, perfusion and late gadolinium enhancement followed by 19F-CMR. Pigs were sacrificed for subsequent ex vivo scans and histology. Edema extent was 35 ± 8% and IS was 22 ± 6% of LV mass. Six of ten surviving AMI animals displayed both MVO and IMH (3.3 ± 1.6% and 1.9 ± 0.8% of LV mass). The 19F signal, reflecting the presence and density of monocytes/macrophages, was consistently smaller than edema volume or IS and not apparent in remote areas. The 19F signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) > 8 in the infarct border zone was associated with impaired remote systolic wall thickening. A whole heart value of 19F integral (19F SNR × milliliter) > 200 was related to initial LV remodeling independently of edema, IS, MVO, and IMH. Thus, 19F-CMR quantitatively characterizes regional inflammation after AMI and its relation to edema, IS, MVO, IMH and regional and global LV function and remodeling.ISSN:0300-8428ISSN:1435-180

Genes expression of genes with a local false discovery rate (FDR) <0.25 for the discrimination between tumors with a clinically meaningful reduction in tumor size under neoadjuvant Epi/Doc from those which do not benefit from therapy.

<p>Genes expression of genes with a local false discovery rate (FDR) <0.25 for the discrimination between tumors with a clinically meaningful reduction in tumor size under neoadjuvant Epi/Doc from those which do not benefit from therapy.</p

Correlation between the relative changes (%) in intratumoral Ki67 expression in response to 3 cycles of neoadjuvant Epi/Doc, and in vitro chemosensitivity to Epi/Doc as measured by ATP-TCA.

<p>Correlation between the relative changes (%) in intratumoral Ki67 expression in response to 3 cycles of neoadjuvant Epi/Doc, and in vitro chemosensitivity to Epi/Doc as measured by ATP-TCA.</p

Patient characteristics.

<p>Patient characteristics.</p