Croatian Serb Culture, Language, and Minority Education Rights

This article examines the ongoing debate on national minority rights for Croatian Serbs in the spheres of education, identity, and minority language policies. The controversy results from research on legislative acts and integration strategies in the European Union, which are predominantly focused on citizenship issues and the integration of immigrant workers and less on the constitutionally recognised language rights of minorities and the new social space created after the collapse of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. A new sense of identity emerged for the Serb minority in Croatia as a result of the post-war environment. The article provides an analysis of in-depth interviews between Croatian Serbs and Croatian cultural and academic professionals through boundary-work that emphasises the importance of cultural values and legal norms for the minority, especially in minority education (Models A, B, and C)

ACNE VULGARIS – ADEQUATE AND TIMELY THERAPY AS AN EARLY PREVENTION OF PSYCHOSOCIAL DISTURBANCES

Acne is a polyetiological chronic disease of pilosebaceous units that affects 80% to 90% of teenagers and adolescents. It is manifested as mild, moderate, or severe form. Since adolescence is time of psychological, emotional and social personality development, the appearance of acne, most frequently on face, demands long-term treatment, significantly affects psychologic and emotional state, creating the feeling of being marked and leading to depression, anxiety, social isolation and negative effect on the quality of life. Timely education, with general information on the causes, duration of the disease and adequate treatment can significantly affect patients’ relation to the disease and reduction of psycho-social problems. The analysis included 220, 39 (55%) males and 60 (45%) females, 14 to 30 years of age (or more), most frequently 16 to 20 years old with moderate form of the disease. Therapy was applied according to valid protocols. Each patient was given full attention with the explanation of the nature and course of the disease. The largest number of patients had the expected results, which was mutually appreciated. It was concluded that individual approach and cooperation during the treatment of each patient were necessary

Characterising the variations in ethnic skin colours: a new calibrated data base for human skin

Background: Accurate skin colour measurements are important for numerous medical applications including the diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous disorders and the provision of maxillofacial soft tissue prostheses. Methods: In this study, we obtained accurate skin colour measurements from four different ethnic groups (Caucasian, Chnese, Kurdish, Thai) and at four different body locations(Forehead, cheek, inner arm, back of hand) with a view of establishing a new skin colour database for medical and cosmetic applications. Skin colours are measured using a spectropho-tometer and converted to a device-independent standard colour appearance space (CIELAB) where skin colour is expressed as values along the three dimensions: Lightness L*, Redness a*and Yellowness b*. Skin colour differences and variation are then evaluated as a function of ethnicity and body location. Results: We report three main results: (1) When plotted in a standard colour appearance space (CIELAB), skin colour distributions for the four ethnic groups overlap significantly,although there are systematic mean differences. Between ethnicities, the most significant skin colour differences occur along the yellowness dimension, with Thai skin exhibiting the highest yellowness (b*) value and Caucasian skin the lowest value.Facial redness (a*) is invariant across the four ethnic groups.(2) Between different body locations, there are significant variations in redness (a*), with the forehead showing the highestredness value and the inner arm the lowest. (3) The colour gamut is smallest in the Chinese sample and largest in the Caucasian sample, with the Chinese gamut lying entirely the Caucasian gamut. Similarly, the largest variability in skin tones is found in the Caucasian group, and the smallest in the Chinese group. Conclusion: Broadly speaking, skin colour variation can be explained by two main factors: individual differences in lightness and yellowness are mostly due to ethnicity, whereas differences in redness are primarily due to different body locations. Variations in lightness are more idiosyncratic probably reflecting the large influence of environmental factors such as exposure to sun

Prikaz slučaja bolesnice sa Brooke-Spiegler sindromom

Brooke-Spiegler syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant hereditary disease with variable penetration. The syndrome is manifested by the appearance of three types of tumors: multiple cylindromas, trichoepitheliomas and spiradenomas. Tumors can cover the entire scalp in the form of turban, so Turban tumor is usually a synonym for this disease. We presented a patient with a typical clinical picture of Brooke-Spiegler syndrome, who has a positive family history (mother, two sisters, brother and niece). Recommended therapy for this syndrome is surgical treatment. She did not accept surgical treatment, because she was afraid of losing her hair.Brooke-Spiegler sindrom je retko autozomno dominantno nasledno oboljenje s varijabilnom penetracijom gena. Sindrom se manifestuje pojavom tri tipa tumora: multipli cilindromi, trihoepiteliomi i spiradenomi. Tumori mogu da prekriju čitavu poglavinu u vidu turbana, tako da se kao sinonim za ovu bolest koristi i naziv Turban tumor. U radu je iznet prikaz slučaja bolesnice, starosti 48 godina, s tipičnom kliničkom slikom Brook-Spiegler sindroma, koja ima pozitivnu porodičnu anamnezu. Brook-Spiegler sindrom ispoljio se kod majke, dve sestre, brata i sestričine naše bolesnice. Kao terapija ovog sindroma preporučuje se hirurško lečenje, koje je naša bolesnica odbila iz ličnih razloga zbog straha od gubitka kose

Učinak bojenja i starenja na parametar translucencije CAD/CAM materijala

Objectives: To evaluate different intervals of exposure to staining solutions and artificial aging on translucency parameter (TP 00) of CAD-CAM materials. Material and Methods: One millimeter thick square-shaped specimens (N = 288) were cut from Cerasmart (CS), IPS e.max (IE), Lava Ultimate (LU), Shofu HC (SH), Vita Enamic (VE), and Vita Suprinity (VS) and were divided into laboratory and chairside polishing. Reflection wavelength spectra, CIE D65 standard illuminant, 2 ° standard observer, SCI, UV included, SAV aperture, 6 mm diameter, were recorded at 10 nm sensitivity against white and black calibration tiles using a benchtop spectrophotometer. Subsequently, they were converted into CIEDE 2000 TP 00. After baseline measurements (T0), the specimens were divided as follows (n = 8): staining in coffee (C) and wine (W), for 60 (T1) and 120 hours (T2), and accelerated artificial aging (A). Artificial aging (ISO 4892-2 standard) was performed in two cycles of 150 KJ/m 2, for T1 and T2, respectively. TP measurements were repeated at T1 and T2. Data of TP 00 retention were submitted to analysis of variance and Fisher’s PLSD multiple comparison test (α=0.05). Results: Fisher’s PLSD critical differences among materials, time intervals and staining/aging were 0.16, 0.11 and 0.11, respectively. SH showed the highest TP 00 followed by LU > CS > IE = VS > VE. For all time intervals, the lowest TP 00 retention was observed with C. W, and A presented similar values. Conclusions: Translucency Parameter was material, time and staining/aging-dependent material. In majority of cases, it decreased upon staining/aging.Svrha rada: Procijeniti utjecaj različitih intervala izloženosti otopinama za bojenje i umjetnom starenju na parameter translucencije (TP 00) CAD/CAM materijala.Materijal i metode: Uzorci kvadratnog oblika debljine 1 mm (N = 288) izrezani su iz blokova Cerasmart (CS), IPS e.max (IE), Lava Ultimate (LU), Shofu HC (SH), Vita Enamic (VE) i Vita Suprinity ( VS) te su razvrstani u skupine u kojima je provedeno poliranje ili u laboratoriju ili u ordinaciji. Mjereni su referentnim spektrofotometrom spektri valne duljine refleksije (standardno osvjetljenje CIE D65, standardni promatrač od 2°, SCI, uključen UV, otvor SAV, promjer 6 mm) pri osjetljivosti od 10 nm na bijelim i crnim kalibracijskim pločicama i pretvoreni u CIEDE 2000 TP 00 . Nakon početnih mjerenja (T0) uzorci su podijeljeni na sljedeći način (n = 8): bojenje u kavi (C) i vinu (W) 60 (T1) i 120 sati (T2) te ubrzano umjetno starenje (A) . Umjetno starenje (ISO 4892-2 standard) obavljeno je u dvama ciklusima od 150 KJ/m2, za T1, odnosno T2. Mjerenja TP-a ponovljena su nakon T1 i T2. Podatci o TP 00 podvrgnuti su analizi varijance Fisherovim PLSD- testom višestruke usporedbe (α = 0,05).Rezultati: Kritične razlike Fisherova PLSD-testa između materijala, vremenskih intervala i bojenja/starenja bile su 0,16, 0,11, odnosno 0,11. SH je imao najviši TP 00 , a zatim slijede LU > CS > IE = VS > VE. Za sve intervale zabilježeno je najmanje zadržavanje TP 00 kod C-a. Slične vrijednosti imali su W i A. Zaključci: Parametar translucencije ovisio je o materijalu, vremenu i bojenju/starenju. U većini slučajeva smanjio se nakon bojenja/starenja

Masking Ability of Zirconia with and without Veneering Porcelain

Purpose : The present study compared changes in CIE L*a*b* color coordinates of substrates of different colors when covered with zirconium oxide discs (Procera) and with such discs if veneered with two shades of porcelain. Material and Methods : Forty background substrates were fabricated and divided into four groups depending on the color of the substrates: white, black, gray, and tooth‐colored (Vita shade A3). The initial color of the substrates was measured using a colorimeter. The color of the substrates covered with plain zirconium oxide discs and with zirconium oxide discs veneered with porcelains of two shades (Vita shade A1 and B4) was measured. The color difference between the substrates, the substrates covered with plain discs, and the substrates covered with veneered discs was calculated, and the data were statistically analyzed with one‐way ANOVA and multiple paired t ‐test. Results : For each group of substrates, the resulting colors were significantly different when the substrates were covered by either plain zirconium oxide discs or zirconium oxide discs veneered with Vita shade A1 or B4 porcelain. Conclusion : While zirconium oxide coping material alone has a degree of masking ability, the resulting color of a restoration can be further modified with the veneering porcelain.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/96301/1/j.1532-849X.2012.00915.x.pd

Functional properties of sodium and calcium caseinate antimicrobial active films containing carvacrol

Active edible films were prepared by adding carvacrol into sodium caseinate (SC) and calcium caseinate (CC) matrices plasticized with two different glycerol concentrations (25 and 35 wt%) prepared by solvent casting. Functional characterisation of these bio-films was carried out by determination of some of their physico-chemical properties, such as colour, transparency, oxygen barrier, wettability, dye permeation properties and antibacterial effectiveness against Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria. All films exhibited good performance in terms of optical properties in the CIELab space showing high transparency. Carvacrol was able to reduce CC oxygen permeability and slightly increased the surface hydrophobicity. Dye diffusion experiments were performed to evaluate permeation properties. The diffusion of dye through films revealed that SC was more permeable than CC. The agar diffusion method was used for the evaluation of the films antimicrobial effectiveness against Escherichia cell and Staphylococcus aureus. Both SC and CC edible films with carvacrol showed inhibitory effects on both bacteria. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.This research was supported by the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain through the projects MAT2011-28468-C02-01, MAT2011-28468-C02-02 and HP2008-0080. M.P. Arrieta thanks Fundacion MAPFRE for "Ignacio Hernando de Larramendi 2009-Medio Ambiente" fellowship (MAPFRE-IHL-01). Authors thank Ferrer Alimentacion S.A., for providing the caseinates powders.Arrieta, MP.; Peltzer, MA.; López Martínez, J.; Garrigós Selva, MDC.; Valente, AJM.; Jimenez Migallon, A. (2014). Functional properties of sodium and calcium caseinate antimicrobial active films containing carvacrol. Journal of Food Engineering. 121:94-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2013.08.015S9410112

Analiza zastupljenosti korištenja internet bankarstva na primjeru Zagrebačke banke

Problem ovog istraživanja je analiza zastupljenosti internet bankarstva, prema starosnoj dobi te stručnoj spremi ispitanika. Također se istražio utjecaj ispitanika na razumljivost, jasnoću, korisnost, uštedu vremena i produktivnost internet bankarstva Zagrebačke banke. Istraživanje se provodilo online anketnim upitnikom od 200 uzoraka. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da, što je veća starosna dob ispitanika, smanjuje se učešće korisnika te da se višim stupnjem obrazovanja povećava korisnost internet bankarstva. Također, rezultati pokazuju da nekorisnici, uz bolju prezentaciju i otklon nedostataka, žele koristiti internet bankarstvo. Za banku je važno da prati tehnološki napredak, potrebe klijenata, poboljša uslugu i da zadrži postojeće korisnike.The problem of the questionnaire is the analysis of the participants' usage of online banking based on their age and educational level. The questionnaire also focuses on clarity, functionality and time efficiency of online banking at Zagrebacka Banka. The research was conducted through an online survey with 200 participants. The statistics show that as the age of the participants increased the participation in online banking decreased. The survey also recorded a higher online banking usage among participants with a higher educational level. The study also shows that participants who currently do not utilize online banking would consider trying it with proper presentation and clarity. It is crucial for the bank to continue to stay up to date with technology, client's needs, improve customer relations and maintain customers satisfaction