Onde elettromagnetiche in mezzi continui, lineari, omogenei ed isotropi

In questa tesi viene discussa la propagazione delle onde elettromagnetiche nei continui in particolare nei mezzi lineari, omogenei, isotropi e dispersivi. Dal principio di causalità si derivano le relazioni di Kramers-Kronig che risultano quindi molto generali. Come applicazione della teoria sviluppata vengono inoltre ricavate le relazioni di Snell-Cartesio e le relazioni di Fresnel

El grafitti : Historia social, origen y desarrollo en América. Cuatro casos en Mendoza

El graffiti en la historia del hombre es muy amplia y conmensurable, porque desde que el hombre existe siempre realizó un garabato, un dibujo, una palabra o una idea como elemento abstracto de su pensamiento concreto, y siempre buscó un soporte como medio de expresión para comunicarse en situaciones informales con los demás. En la antigüedad los romanos eran graffiteros por excelencia y se encontraron incisiones en los monolitos egipcios en el año 1738; y también en las excavaciones del siglo XVIII, en el año 1748. Ambos acontecimientos utilizaron el muro como elemento expresivo y comunicacional para dejar testimonio de sus pasos. Sus temas eran poemas, citas o frases con tonos eróticos, políticos y sociales. (Párrafo extraído del texto a modo de resumen) Mesa: Estéticas urbanasFacultad de Bellas Arte

El grafitti : Historia social, origen y desarrollo en América. Cuatro casos en Mendoza

El graffiti en la historia del hombre es muy amplia y conmensurable, porque desde que el hombre existe siempre realizó un garabato, un dibujo, una palabra o una idea como elemento abstracto de su pensamiento concreto, y siempre buscó un soporte como medio de expresión para comunicarse en situaciones informales con los demás. En la antigüedad los romanos eran graffiteros por excelencia y se encontraron incisiones en los monolitos egipcios en el año 1738; y también en las excavaciones del siglo XVIII, en el año 1748. Ambos acontecimientos utilizaron el muro como elemento expresivo y comunicacional para dejar testimonio de sus pasos. Sus temas eran poemas, citas o frases con tonos eróticos, políticos y sociales. (Párrafo extraído del texto a modo de resumen) Mesa: Estéticas urbanasFacultad de Bellas Arte

El grafitti : Historia social, origen y desarrollo en América. Cuatro casos en Mendoza

El graffiti en la historia del hombre es muy amplia y conmensurable, porque desde que el hombre existe siempre realizó un garabato, un dibujo, una palabra o una idea como elemento abstracto de su pensamiento concreto, y siempre buscó un soporte como medio de expresión para comunicarse en situaciones informales con los demás. En la antigüedad los romanos eran graffiteros por excelencia y se encontraron incisiones en los monolitos egipcios en el año 1738; y también en las excavaciones del siglo XVIII, en el año 1748. Ambos acontecimientos utilizaron el muro como elemento expresivo y comunicacional para dejar testimonio de sus pasos. Sus temas eran poemas, citas o frases con tonos eróticos, políticos y sociales. (Párrafo extraído del texto a modo de resumen) Mesa: Estéticas urbanasFacultad de Bellas Arte

Accurate multiscale simulation of frictional interfaces by Quantum Mechanics/Green's Function molecular dynamics

Understanding frictional phenomena is a fascinating fundamental problem with huge potential impact on energy saving. Such an understanding requires monitoring what happens at the sliding buried interface, which is almost inaccessible by experiments. Simulations represent powerful tools in this context, yet a methodological step forward is needed to fully capture the multiscale nature of the frictional phenomena. Here, we present a multiscale approach based on linked ab initio and Green's function molecular dynamics, which is above the state-of-the-art techniques used in computational tribology as it allows for a realistic description of both the interfacial chemistry and energy dissipation due to bulk phonons in non-equilibrium conditions. By considering a technologically relevant system composed of two diamond surfaces with different degrees of passivation, we show that the presented method can be used not only for monitoring in real-time tribolochemical phenomena such as the tribologically-induced surface graphitization and passivation effects but also for estimating realistic friction coefficients. This opens the way to in silico experiments of tribology to test materials to reduce friction prior to that in real labs

Biomarkers in Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: Ready for Prime Time and Outcome Prediction?

Coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) is still one of the most frequently performed surgical procedures all over the world. The results of this procedure have been constantly improved over the years with low perioperative mortality rates, with relatively low complication rates. To further improve these outstanding results, the clinicians focused their attention at biomarkers as outcome predictors. Although biological testing for disease prediction has already been discussed many times, the role of biomarkers in outcome prediction after CABG is still controversial. In this article, we reviewed the current knowledge regarding the role of genetic and dynamic biomarkers and their possible association with the occurrence of adverse clinical outcomes after CABG. We also took into consideration that the molecular pathway activation and the possible imbalance may affect hard outcomes and graft patency. We analyzed biomarkers classified in two different categories depending on their possibility to change over time: genetic markers and dynamic markers. Moreover, we evaluated these markers by dividing them, into sub-categories, such as inflammation, hemostasis, renin-angiotensin, endothelial function, and other pathways. We showed that biomarkers might be associated with unfavorable outcomes after surgery, and in some cases improved outcome prediction. However, the identification of a specific panel of biomarkers or of some algorithms including biomarkers is still in an early developmental phase. Finally, larger studies are needed to analyze broad panel of biomarkers with the specific aim to evaluate the prediction of hard outcomes and graft patency

The complex interplay among atherosclerosis, inflammation, and degeneration in ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms

OBJECTIVE: To assess the histopathological findings of a large series of ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) surgical specimens applying the updated classification on noninflammatory degenerative and inflammatory aortic diseases proposed by the Association for European Cardiovascular Pathology and the Society for Cardiovascular Pathology clinicopathological correlations. METHODS: A total of 255 patients surgically treated for ascending TAA were enrolled. Surgical ascending aorta specimens were examined. RESULTS: The histopathological substrate of ascending TAAs was mainly degenerative (67.5%), but with a remarkable prevalence of atherosclerotic lesions (18.8%) and aortitis (13.7%). Degenerative patients more frequently had bicuspid aortic valve (37.2%; P = .002). Patients in the atherosclerotic group were older (median age, 69 years; P < .001), more often with a history of hypertension (87.5%; P = .059), hypercholesterolemia (75%; P = .019), diabetes (16.6%; P = .054), current smoking (22.9%; P = .066), and a history of coronary artery disease (18.7%; P = .063). Patients with aortitis represented the older group (median age, 75 years, P < .001), were mostly females (68.6%; P < .001), and had a larger ascending aorta diameter (median, 56 mm; P < .001). Both patients with atherosclerosis and aortitis presented a higher incidence of concomitant abdominal aortic aneurysm (20.8% and 22.8%, respectively; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Although degenerative histopathology is the most frequent substrate in ascending TAA, atherosclerosis and inflammation significantly contribute to the development of chronic aortic thoracic disease

A randomized, controlled trial of 3.0 mg of liraglutide in weight management

BACKGROUND Obesity is a chronic disease with serious health consequences, but weight loss is difficult to maintain through lifestyle intervention alone. Liraglutide, a glucagonlike peptide-1 analogue, has been shown to have potential benefit for weight management at a once-daily dose of 3.0 mg, injected subcutaneously. METHODS We conducted a 56-week, double-blind trial involving 3731 patients who did not have type 2 diabetes and who had a body-mass index (BMI; the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) of at least 30 or a BMI of at least 27 if they had treated or untreated dyslipidemia or hypertension. We randomly assigned patients in a 2:1 ratio to receive once-daily subcutaneous injections of liraglutide at a dose of 3.0 mg (2487 patients) or placebo (1244 patients); both groups received counseling on lifestyle modification. The coprimary end points were the change in body weight and the proportions of patients losing at least 5% and more than 10% of their initial body weight. RESULTS At baseline, the mean (±SD) age of the patients was 45.1±12.0 years, the mean weight was 106.2±21.4 kg, and the mean BMI was 38.3±6.4; a total of 78.5% of the patients were women and 61.2% had prediabetes. At week 56, patients in the liraglutide group had lost a mean of 8.4±7.3 kg of body weight, and those in the placebo group had lost a mean of 2.8±6.5 kg (a difference of -5.6 kg; 95% confidence interval, -6.0 to -5.1; P&lt;0.001, with last-observation-carried-forward imputation). A total of 63.2% of the patients in the liraglutide group as compared with 27.1% in the placebo group lost at least 5% of their body weight (P&lt;0.001), and 33.1% and 10.6%, respectively, lost more than 10% of their body weight (P&lt;0.001). The most frequently reported adverse events with liraglutide were mild or moderate nausea and diarrhea. Serious events occurred in 6.2% of the patients in the liraglutide group and in 5.0% of the patients in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS In this study, 3.0 mg of liraglutide, as an adjunct to diet and exercise, was associated with reduced body weight and improved metabolic control. (Funded by Novo Nordisk; SCALE Obesity and Prediabetes NN8022-1839 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01272219.)

ECMO for COVID-19 patients in Europe and Israel

Since March 15th, 2020, 177 centres from Europe and Israel have joined the study, routinely reporting on the ECMO support they provide to COVID-19 patients. The mean annual number of cases treated with ECMO in the participating centres before the pandemic (2019) was 55. The number of COVID-19 patients has increased rapidly each week reaching 1531 treated patients as of September 14th. The greatest number of cases has been reported from France (n = 385), UK (n = 193), Germany (n = 176), Spain (n = 166), and Italy (n = 136) .The mean age of treated patients was 52.6 years (range 16–80), 79% were male. The ECMO configuration used was VV in 91% of cases, VA in 5% and other in 4%. The mean PaO2 before ECMO implantation was 65 mmHg. The mean duration of ECMO support thus far has been 18 days and the mean ICU length of stay of these patients was 33 days. As of the 14th September, overall 841 patients have been weaned from ECMO support, 601 died during ECMO support, 71 died after withdrawal of ECMO, 79 are still receiving ECMO support and for 10 patients status n.a. . Our preliminary data suggest that patients placed on ECMO with severe refractory respiratory or cardiac failure secondary to COVID-19 have a reasonable (55%) chance of survival. Further extensive data analysis is expected to provide invaluable information on the demographics, severity of illness, indications and different ECMO management strategies in these patients

The genetic architecture of the human cerebral cortex

The cerebral cortex underlies our complex cognitive capabilities, yet little is known about the specific genetic loci that influence human cortical structure. To identify genetic variants that affect cortical structure, we conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of brain magnetic resonance imaging data from 51,665 individuals. We analyzed the surface area and average thickness of the whole cortex and 34 regions with known functional specializations. We identified 199 significant loci and found significant enrichment for loci influencing total surface area within regulatory elements that are active during prenatal cortical development, supporting the radial unit hypothesis. Loci that affect regional surface area cluster near genes in Wnt signaling pathways, which influence progenitor expansion and areal identity. Variation in cortical structure is genetically correlated with cognitive function, Parkinson's disease, insomnia, depression, neuroticism, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder