O mapa são os outros: narrativas da viagem de migrantes centro-americanos na fronteira sul do México

En este artículo se analizan las formas en que los migrantes centroamericanos que atraviesan México para llegar a los Estados Unidos elaboran mapas orales para orientarse durante sus desplazamientos. Estos migrantes huyen de la pobreza y la violencia, se internan en territorio mexicano de manera irregular, viajan en trenes de carga o caminan, y experimentan contextos de intensa vulnerabilidad. Si bien muchos de ellos desconocen los mapas impresos o la forma de leerlos, utilizan los mapas orales que los migrantes han creado mediante los múltiples intentos por llegar a la frontera norte del país. Son mapas que se narran durante los desplazamientos y sirven para cubrir trayectos específicos. Sin embargo, esos mapas no logran estimar los tiempos que tardarán entre los distintos puntos del trayecto, por lo que estos sujetos experimentan una temporalidad dislocada y agrietada.This article analyses the ways in which Central American migrants travelling through Mexico to reach the United States make oral maps to orient themselves during their journeys. These migrants, often fleeing poverty and violence, travel through Mexico in very irregular ways, such as on cargo trains or on-foot, and find themselves in a state of high vulnerability. Many of these travelers do not have access to printed or digital maps and as a result must rely on oral maps that the migrants create through their multiple attempts to cross the northern border into the United States. These oral maps narrate their journeys and in particular help to navigate specific parts of their journeys to the northern border. However, these maps do not estimate how long specific legs of the trip will take and thus the migrants experience a dislocated sense of temporality during their travels.Neste artigo se analisam as formas em que os migrantes centro-americanos que cruzam o México para chegar aos Estados Unidos elaboram mapas orais para se guiar durante seus deslocamentos. Estes migrantes fogem da pobreza e da violência, se internam no território mexicano de forma irregular, viajam em trens de mercadoria ou caminham e experimentam contextos de intensa vulnerabilidade. Embora muitos deles não conheçam os mapas impressos ou a forma de lê-los, eles usam os mapas orais que os migrantes criaram através das múltiplas tentativas de alcançar a fronteira norte do país. São mapas que são narrados durante os deslocamentos e servem para cobrir rotas específicas. No entanto, esses mapas não conseguem estimar o tempo que eles demorarão entre os diferentes pontos da jornada, por isso, estas pessoas experimentam uma temporalidade deslocada e quebrada

Propuesta de procedimientos de autocontrol en contratos de conservación de una red vial

With a mixed global contract the maintenance of a road network is carried out, through the simultaneous execution of conservation under the modality to series of unitary prices, and by sum raised by level of service. In the latter, there is a great precariousness in the procedures, due to failures in the contractor's vision of assuming the management of the conservation, lack in the assignment of responsibilities to the team members, and poor control in the work quality and documentation of the contract. For this reason, in this work a management proposal is made defining each of the stages that compose it, in order to ensure a correct conservation of the elements that make up the road infrastructure. The proposed objectives are: to specify the methodology to be used to manage the maintenance of the network contracted under the mixed global modality, to specify the handling and control of the documentation that must be kept in the contract, and to define the skills and responsibilities of the work team. In order to comply with them, a bibliographical revision of the national regulations on the maintenance of roads was carried out, and the diversity of contracts used by the Road Service for road conservation was taken into account. In addition, through experience in mixed global conservation contracts, the skills and responsibilities recommended by the members of the team are definedCon un contrato global mixto se lleva a cabo la mantención de una red vial, a través de la ejecución simultánea de conservación bajo la modalidad a serie de precios unitarios, y bajo suma alzada por nivel de servicio. En estos últimos se evidencia una mayor precariedad en los procedimientos, debido a fallas en la visión de la empresa contratista en asumir la gestión de la conservación, carencia en la asignación de responsabilidades a los miembros del equipo, y el deficiente control de la calidad de las obras y documentación del contrato. Por este motivo, en este trabajo se realiza una propuesta de gestión definiendo cada una de las etapas que la componen, con la finalidad de asegurar una correcta conservación de los elementos que conforman la infraestructura vial. Los objetivos propuestos son: especificar la metodología a usar para gestionar la mantención de la red contratada bajo la modalidad global mixto, especificar el manejo y control de la documentación que deben mantener en el contrato, y definir las aptitudes y responsabilidades del equipo de trabajo. Para cumplir con los mismos se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de la normativa nacional acerca de la mantención de caminos, y se tomó conocimiento de la diversidad de contratos que utiliza la Dirección de Vialidad para la conservación vial. Además, a través de la experiencia en contratos de conservación global mixto se definen las aptitudes y responsabilidades que se recomienda que tengan los miembros del equipo de trabaj

Identidad, deseo y verdad: la construcción de una escena social homoerótica en comunidades migrantes mexicanas en Estados Unidos

En este artículo se reconstruye una escena social que permite vincular las relaciones homoeróticas con un contexto cultural y una situación histórico-política particulares: las comunidades de migrantes mexicanos en Estados Unidos. Utilizamos los discursos de diversos actores sociales para recalcar que el sexo entre hombres se vincula con configuraciones socioculturales específicas. Se analizan estos discursos para mostrar cómo se construye y cómo se contrapone un modelo de comprensión de la sexualidad fundamentado en la identidad, utilizado por las organizaciones dedicadas a la prevención del SIDA, con otro estratégico y no identitario construido por los hombres migrantes. A partir de esta contraposición se elabora una crítica tanto al sustrato epistemológico de la categoría de hombres que tienen sexo con hombres como la lógica que impera en los discursos preventivos, que son leídos como formulaciones del dispositivo de la sexualidad occidental, que pide verdad y coherencia a la sexualidad de los sujetos

Global patient outcomes after elective surgery: prospective cohort study in 27 low-, middle- and high-income countries.

BACKGROUND: As global initiatives increase patient access to surgical treatments, there remains a need to understand the adverse effects of surgery and define appropriate levels of perioperative care. METHODS: We designed a prospective international 7-day cohort study of outcomes following elective adult inpatient surgery in 27 countries. The primary outcome was in-hospital complications. Secondary outcomes were death following a complication (failure to rescue) and death in hospital. Process measures were admission to critical care immediately after surgery or to treat a complication and duration of hospital stay. A single definition of critical care was used for all countries. RESULTS: A total of 474 hospitals in 19 high-, 7 middle- and 1 low-income country were included in the primary analysis. Data included 44 814 patients with a median hospital stay of 4 (range 2-7) days. A total of 7508 patients (16.8%) developed one or more postoperative complication and 207 died (0.5%). The overall mortality among patients who developed complications was 2.8%. Mortality following complications ranged from 2.4% for pulmonary embolism to 43.9% for cardiac arrest. A total of 4360 (9.7%) patients were admitted to a critical care unit as routine immediately after surgery, of whom 2198 (50.4%) developed a complication, with 105 (2.4%) deaths. A total of 1233 patients (16.4%) were admitted to a critical care unit to treat complications, with 119 (9.7%) deaths. Despite lower baseline risk, outcomes were similar in low- and middle-income compared with high-income countries. CONCLUSIONS: Poor patient outcomes are common after inpatient surgery. Global initiatives to increase access to surgical treatments should also address the need for safe perioperative care. STUDY REGISTRATION: ISRCTN5181700

CMS physics technical design report : Addendum on high density QCD with heavy ions

Peer reviewe

El Poder, los fantasmas y los cuerpos. Políticas corporales y subjetivación en la transición chilena

This article examines the historic-political relationships of three distinct events that occurred in Chile during the democratic transition. The transfer of presidential power from a man to a woman, a photograph of men and women nudes in Santiago, and the scandal produced by the detention and the confessions of a successful businessman fond of holding sadomasochistic parties with minors. These three events are linked on the basis of the specificities of Pinochet’s dictatorship, understood as an enormous disciplinary apparatus of the bodies and the collectivities, and a dispositive creating a violent and agonistic erotica. Three terms overlap ¯bodies, ghosts and power¯ to create a working hypothesis: Chilean society, by means of certain body politics and exercise of power, has ceaselessly produced ghosts and specters still haunt it, that continue to ensnare and determine it