Zhodnotenie dlhodobého monitorovania svahových deformácií a efektívnosti sanačných opatrení na zosuvnom území Nižná Myšľa

In 2010, extensive slope deformations were activated in Nižná Myšľa Village, which affected a large part of the village. Due to the extent of the affected area, the severity of the manifestations and especially the catastrophic consequences they caused in the built-up area of the village, the slope failures in Nižná Myšľa were evaluated as the second most destructive landslide event in the documented history of Slovakia. Almost immediately after the devasting event, a detailed engineering geological survey followed, which provided information on the extension, nature of slope deformations and became the basis for the design of the monitoring system. Monitoring activities have been ongoing since 2011 and continue to the present. By gradual upgrade of the monitoring objects network for monitoring subsurface deformations and for groundwater regime observations, a large data set was obtained over a longer period of time. Thanks to this, the Nižná Myšľa landslide area is one of the Slovak sites where the largest network of monitoring objects is built. At the same time by monitoring, the main activity took place – remediation of the geological environment in three successive stages. The aim of this work is to provide a comprehensive overview of the implemented remediation measures, an overview of dataset obtained from monitoring of slope deformations and selected environmental components, but mainly on the basis of these data, comprehensive evaluation of monitoring data obtained by monitoring and evaluation of the development of measured parameters with technical remediation measures. From the regularly repeated analysis of the parameters as well as from the evaluations results, the most significant results for the whole period of the site monitoring are the results of inclinometric measurements of total deformations and their increments for individual phases of measurement. The area is characterized by ongoing large-scale landslide activity, especially in the southern part of the village, which was also the most affected in 2010 and represents part of the central part of Nižná Myšľa, along with the northern part on the landslide from Staničná ulica Street, including the Elementary school area up to Hlavná ulica Street. In particular, remediation works during the first, second and third stages of the landslide remediation were directed to these areas. Despite a relatively large scope of remedy works and the evaluation of their effectiveness, the vast territory affected by slope failures was only partially rehabilitated depending on the approved funds. Therefore, even the remedial measures implemented so far are only partial, mainly in connection with the persistent movement activity in individual parts of the territory and should be completed according to the proposals from the geological works carried out and taking into account the results of monitoring. The basic objective should be a gradual implementation of remediation work so as to ensure the stability of the territory to the greatest possible extent, as ensuring the complete stability of the territory is technically and financially unrealistic due to its extent, complexity and slope deformation character. In the long term, redevelopment work needs to increase the territory’s ability to withstand similar adverse climatic events as occurred in June 2010

Role of Geological Surveys of Europe in landslide monitoring

ABSTRACT: This work was developed by the Earth Observation and Geohazards Expert Group from EGS and provides an overview of landslide monitoring techniques from 2005 to 2021. Based on the questionnaire, the following objectives were set: (1) to identify the type of monitored landslides, (2) to identify the landslide monitoring techniques, (3) to identify the spatial resolution, temporal resolution, and status of the technique (operational, non-operational), time of using (before the event, during the event, after the event), and applicability of the technique to the early warning system.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Landslide monitoring techniques in the Geological Surveys of Europe

ABSTRACT: Landslide monitoring is a mandatory step in landslide risk assessment. It requires collecting data on landslide conditions (e.g., areal extent, landslide kinematics, surface topography, hydrogeometeorological parameters, and failure surfaces) from different time periods and at different scales, from site-specific to local, regional, and national, to assess landslide activity. In this analysis, we collected information on landslide monitoring techniques from 17 members of the Earth Observation and Geohazards Expert Group (from EuroGeoSurveys) deployed between 2005 and 2021. We examined the types of the 75 recorded landslides, the landslide techniques, spatial resolution, temporal resolution, status of the technique (operational, non-operational), time of using (before the event, during the event, after the event), and the applicability of the technique in early warning systems. The research does not indicate the accuracy of each technique but, rather, the extent to which Geological Surveys conduct landslide monitoring and the predominant techniques used. Among the types of landslides, earth slides predominate and are mostly monitored by geological and engineering geological mapping. The results showed that Geological Surveys mostly utilized more traditional monitoring techniques since they have a broad mandate to collect geological data. In addition, this paper provides new insights into the role of the Geological Surveys on landslide monitoring in Europe and contributes to landslide risk reduction initiatives and commitments (e.g., the Kyoto Landslide Commitment 2020).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Landslide monitoring techniques in the Geological Surveys of Europe

Landslide monitoring is a mandatory step in landslide risk assessment. It requires collecting data on landslide conditions (e.g., areal extent, landslide kinematics, surface topography, hydrogeometeorological parameters, and failure surfaces) from different time periods and at different scales, from site-specific to local, regional, and national, to assess landslide activity. In this analysis, we collected information on landslide monitoring techniques from 17 members of the Earth Observation and Geohazards Expert Group (from EuroGeoSurveys) deployed between 2005 and 2021. We examined the types of the 75 recorded landslides, the landslide techniques, spatial resolution, temporal resolution, status of the technique (operational, non-operational), time of using (before the event, during the event, after the event), and the applicability of the technique in early warning systems. The research does not indicate the accuracy of each technique but, rather, the extent to which Geological Surveys conduct landslide monitoring and the predominant techniques used. Among the types of landslides, earth slides predominate and are mostly monitored by geological and engineering geological mapping. The results showed that Geological Surveys mostly utilized more traditional monitoring techniques since they have a broad mandate to collect geological data. In addition, this paper provides new insights into the role of the Geological Surveys on landslide monitoring in Europe and contributes to landslide risk reduction initiatives and commitments (e.g., the Kyoto Landslide Commitment 2020)

Neuroimaging biomarkers for clinical trials in atypical parkinsonian disorders: Proposal for a Neuroimaging Biomarker Utility System

IntroductionTherapeutic strategies targeting protein aggregations are ready for clinical trials in atypical parkinsonian disorders. Therefore, there is an urgent need for neuroimaging biomarkers to help with the early detection of neurodegenerative processes, the early differentiation of the underlying pathology, and the objective assessment of disease progression. However, there currently is not yet a consensus in the field on how to describe utility of biomarkers for clinical trials in atypical parkinsonian disorders.MethodsTo promote standardized use of neuroimaging biomarkers for clinical trials, we aimed to develop a conceptual framework to characterize in more detail the kind of neuroimaging biomarkers needed in atypical parkinsonian disorders, identify the current challenges in ascribing utility of these biomarkers, and propose criteria for a system that may guide future studies.ResultsAs a consensus outcome, we describe the main challenges in ascribing utility of neuroimaging biomarkers in atypical parkinsonian disorders, and we propose a conceptual framework that includes a graded system for the description of utility of a specific neuroimaging measure. We included separate categories for the ability to accurately identify an intention-to-treat patient population early in the disease (Early), to accurately detect a specific underlying pathology (Specific), and the ability to monitor disease progression (Progression).DiscussionWe suggest that the advancement of standardized neuroimaging in the field of atypical parkinsonian disorders will be furthered by a well-defined reference frame for the utility of biomarkers. The proposed utility system allows a detailed and graded description of the respective strengths of neuroimaging biomarkers in the currently most relevant areas of application in clinical trials.</p

Neuroimaging biomarkers for clinical trials in atypical parkinsonian disorders: Proposal for a Neuroimaging Biomarker Utility System.

INTRODUCTION: Therapeutic strategies targeting protein aggregations are ready for clinical trials in atypical parkinsonian disorders. Therefore, there is an urgent need for neuroimaging biomarkers to help with the early detection of neurodegenerative processes, the early differentiation of the underlying pathology, and the objective assessment of disease progression. However, there currently is not yet a consensus in the field on how to describe utility of biomarkers for clinical trials in atypical parkinsonian disorders. METHODS: To promote standardized use of neuroimaging biomarkers for clinical trials, we aimed to develop a conceptual framework to characterize in more detail the kind of neuroimaging biomarkers needed in atypical parkinsonian disorders, identify the current challenges in ascribing utility of these biomarkers, and propose criteria for a system that may guide future studies. RESULTS: As a consensus outcome, we describe the main challenges in ascribing utility of neuroimaging biomarkers in atypical parkinsonian disorders, and we propose a conceptual framework that includes a graded system for the description of utility of a specific neuroimaging measure. We included separate categories for the ability to accurately identify an intention-to-treat patient population early in the disease (Early), to accurately detect a specific underlying pathology (Specific), and the ability to monitor disease progression (Progression). DISCUSSION: We suggest that the advancement of standardized neuroimaging in the field of atypical parkinsonian disorders will be furthered by a well-defined reference frame for the utility of biomarkers. The proposed utility system allows a detailed and graded description of the respective strengths of neuroimaging biomarkers in the currently most relevant areas of application in clinical trials

The state of play of blockchain technology in the financial services sector: A systematic literature review

The modern trends of digitalization have completely transformed and reshaped business practices, whole businesses, and even a number of industries. Blockchain technology is believed to be the latest advancement in industries such as the financial sector, where trust is of prime significance. Blockchain technology is a decentralized and coded security system which provides the capability for new digital services and platforms to be created through this emerging technology. This research presents a systematic review of scholarly articles on blockchain technology in the financial sector. We commenced by considering 227 articles and subsequently filtered this list down to 87 articles. From this, we present a classification framework that has three dimensions: blockchain-enabled financial benefits, challenges, and functionality. This research identifies implications for future research and practice within the blockchain paradigm

Behavior Change Techniques in programs for Low Back Pain patients and the long term effects (6 months) on physical activity

Background: Low Back Pain (LBP) presents a global health challenge. Physical activity (PA) is a standard component of LBP management. The maintenance of long-term PA adherence in LBP patients remains complex.   Aim: This works aim is to give an overview over which behavior change techniques (BCTs) are used in a rehabilitation program in patients with LBP and which long term effects (&gt;6 months) this had on the participants.    Method: Guidelines from Cochrane for systematic review of interventions and the Swedish “Statens beredning för medicinsk och social utvärdering” guided the systematic review. The PICO scheme framed the inclusion criteria: LBP patients who underwent a rehabilitation program in which PA was measured at least at baseline and after 6 months. PubMed and CINAHLplus were search for RCTs. The interventions content was labelled according to the BCTTV1 taxonomy, outcome measurements and their psychometric properties as well as the measured effects are presented.   Results: Interventions were movement coaching, pedometer, PA sessions, graded activity, and digital methods. Common BCTs included goal setting, providing health-related information, feedback on outcomes, prompts, and self-monitoring. Outcome measurements involved PA, disability and pain. Although different outcome measurements were employed, PA questionnaires demonstrated limited, disability and pain measurements displayed acceptable validity and reliability. The majority of interventions did not result in significant differences in PA outcomes when compared to control groups or other interventions after six months.   Conclusion: These findings highlight the need for future research with a detailed descriptions of interventions and development of valid PA measurements for LBP patients

Synthesis of Spiroisoxazolines by 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition

The cycloaddition of the chiral nitrile oxide 1 to 1-R-substituted 3,3-methylene-5,5-dimethyl-2-pyrrolidinones 2 (where R is H, n-butyl-, 1,1-dimethylethoxycarbonyl-, 1-methylethenyl- and acetyl-) proceeds regioselectively under the formation of spiroisoxazolines, namely 7-R-substituted-6-oxo-8,8-dimethyl-1-oxa-2,7-diazaspiro[4,4]non-2-enes 5 and 6. The asymmetric induction expected by the a-chiral centre of the nitrile oxide 1 was not very effective, diastereoisomers 5 and 6 were formed in an approximate 50:50 ratio. The stereoselectivity of the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of the arylnitrile oxide 7 with the chiral lactam 3 and the achiral lactone 4 are investigated. The attack of the 1,3-dipole occurred from the less hindered face of the dipolarophile 3 and 4, giving the major isomer 8 and 10, respectively