Propuesta metodológica para evaluar el grado de desarrollo de la innovación en pequeñas empresas aplicando la técnica del diagramador polar

For companies, the change is the process through which one becomes, in a different way, what it was at an earlier time. It is the age of accelerated changes for innovation, in almost, all areas of human activities. Toffler (2006) maintains that “The values to proclaim within the innovation process are curiosity, thought, creativity, individuality and entrepreneurial spirit.” Innovation does not only associates to the product or service but it involves the entire company; in their strategies, processes, marketing and distribution of products or services that are offered. This is initiated by the staff of the company, provided that the conditions and enabling environments are taken by the company at one time. For Hamel (2000) the company combines four components: the relationship with the client, the key strategy, strategic resources and the value connections, where the innovative enterprise redefines totally or partially some of these concepts. But success goes out indisputably from the current human talent and its development. Thus, the SMEs must identify the primary factors that allow a diagnosis of potentiality for innovation. Such factors are representative of the human characteristics and organization elements the company must have. In this paper the basic elements are presented, which are required for small businesses to identify and assess its potential in terms of innovation. Para las empresas, el cambio es el proceso a través del cual se llega a ser, de un modo diferente, a lo que se era en un momento anterior. Se vive la época de cambios acelerados por la innovación, en casi todos los ámbitos de la actividad humana. Toffler (2006) sustenta que ”Los valores a pregonar dentro de los procesos de innovación son la curiosidad, el pensamiento, la creatividad, la individualidad y la vocación empresarial”. La innovación, no sólo se asocia al producto o servicio, sino que mapea toda la empresa; en sus estrategias, procesos, comercialización y distribución de los productos o servicios que oferta. Lo anterior, se inicia por el personal de la empresa, siempre y cuando se tengan las condiciones y medios propicios por parte de empresa en un mismo tiempo. Para Hamel (2000) la empresa conjuga cuatro componentes: la relación con el cliente, la estrategia clave, los recursos estratégicos y las conexiones de valor, donde la empresa innovadora redefine total o parcialmente alguno de estos conceptos. Pero el éxito parte indiscutiblemente del talento humano actual y de su desarrollo. De esta manera, la pequeña y mediana empresa deben identificar los factores primarios que permitan realizar un diagnóstico su potencialidad de la innovación. El análisis de mercado, la gestión de proyectos, el alineamiento estratégico, la creatividad, conducta creativa, el proceso de innovación y el pensamiento creativo son los principales factores representativos de las caracterí­sticas humanas y los elementos de organización que conforman en conjunción el avance que la empresa tiene en materia de innovación. En sensu stricto los factores corresponden a Sistemas Suaves que en principio son difí­ciles de definir, tienen un componente social y una estructura de regularización. En estos casos, no se piensa en problemas sino en situaciones problema. El objetivo de este trabajo, sustentado en los factores antes citados y con la aplicación la Técnica del Diagrama Polar, pretende identificar la prioridad en acciones para potenciar la innovación y observar su evolución en conjunto

Search for the lepton-flavor-violating decays Bs0→e±μ∓ and B0→e±μ∓

A search for the lepton-flavor-violating decays Bs0→e±μ∓ and B0→e±μ∓ is performed with a data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0  fb-1 of pp collisions at √s=7  TeV, collected by the LHCb experiment. The observed number of Bs0→e±μ∓ and B0→e±μ∓ candidates is consistent with background expectations. Upper limits on the branching fractions of both decays are determined to be B(Bs0→e±μ∓)101  TeV/c2 and MLQ(B0→e±μ∓)>126  TeV/c2 at 95% C.L., and are a factor of 2 higher than the previous bounds

Observation of the decay Bc→J/ψK+K−π+B_c \rightarrow J/\psi K^+ K^- \pi^+

The decay $B_c\rightarrow J/\psi K^+ K^- \pi^+$ is observed for the first time, using proton-proton collisions collected with the LHCb detector corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3fb$^{-1}$. A signal yield of $78\pm14$ decays is reported with a significance of 6.2 standard deviations. The ratio of the branching fraction of \B_c \rightarrow J/\psi K^+ K^- \pi^+ decays to that of $B_c \rightarrow J/\psi \pi^+$ decays is measured to be $0.53\pm 0.10\pm0.05$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic.Comment: 18 pages, 2 figure

Observation of associated production of a ZZ boson with a DD meson in the~forward region

A search for associated production of a $Z$ boson with an open charm meson is presented using a data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $1.0\,\mathrm{fb}^{-`}$ of proton--proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7\,TeV, collected by the LHCb experiment. %% Seven candidate events for associated production of a $Z$ boson with a $D^0$ meson and four candidate events for a $Z$ boson with a $D^+$ meson are observed with a combined significance of 5.1standard deviations. The production cross-sections in the forward region are measured to be $$\sigma_{Z\rightarrow\mu^+\mu^-\!,D^0} = 2.50\pm1.12\pm0.22pb$$ $$\sigma_{Z\rightarrow\mu^+\mu^-\!,D^+} = 0.44\pm0.23\pm0.03pb,$$ where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic.Comment: 18 pages, 2 figure

Measurements of the B+B^+, B0B^0, Bs0B_s^0 meson and Λb0\Lambda_b^0 baryon lifetimes

Measurements of $b$-hadron lifetimes are reported using $pp$ collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0fb$^{-1}$, collected by the LHCb detector at a centre-of-mass energy of $7$Tev. Using the exclusive decays $B^+\to J/\psi K^+$, $B^0\to J/\psi K^*(892)^0$, $B^0\to J/\psi K^0_{\rm S}$, $\Lambda_b^0\to J/\psi \Lambda$ and $B^0_s\to J/\psi \phi$ the average decay times in these modes are measured to be $\tau_{B^+\to J/\psi K^+}$ = $1.637 \pm$ 0.004 $\pm$ 0.003 ps, $\tau_{B^0\to J/\psi K^*(892)^0}$ = $1.524 \pm$ 0.006 $\pm$ 0.004 ps, $\tau_{B^0\to J/\psi K^0_{\rm S}}$ = $1.499 \pm$ 0.013 $\pm$ 0.005 ps, $\tau_{\Lambda_b^0\to J/\psi \Lambda}$ = $1.415 \pm$ 0.027 $\pm$ 0.006 ps and $\tau_{B^0_s\to J/\psi \phi}$ = $1.480 \pm$ 0.011 $\pm$ 0.005 ps, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. These represent the most precise lifetime measurements in these decay modes. In addition, ratios of these lifetimes, and the ratio of the decay-width difference, $\Delta\Gamma_d$, to the average width, $\Gamma_d$, in the $B^0$ system, $\Delta \Gamma_d/\Gamma_d = -0.044 \pm 0.025 \pm 0.011$, are reported. All quantities are found to be consistent with Standard Model expectations.Comment: 28 pages, 4 figures. Updated reference

Observations of Bºs→ψ(2S)η and Bº(s)→ψ(2S)π+π- decays

First observations of the B0s →ψ(2S)η, B0 →ψ(2S)π + π − and B0s →ψ(2S)π + π − decays are made using a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb−1 collected by the LHCb experiment in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of √ s = 7 TeV. The ratios of the branching fractions of each of the ψ(2S) modes with respect to the corresponding J/ψ decays are B(B0s →ψ(2S)η) ÷ B(B0s →J/ψη) = 0.83± 0.14 (stat)±0.12 (syst) ±0.02 (B), ; B(B0→ψ(2S)π + π − ) ÷ B(B0→J/ψπ + π − ) = 0.56± 0.07 (stat)±0.05 (syst)± 0.01 (B), ; B(B0s →ψ(2S)π + π − ) ÷ B(B0s →J/ψπ + π − ) = 0.34± 0.04 (stat)±0.03 (syst)± 0.01 (B), where the third uncertainty corresponds to the uncertainties of the dilepton branching fractions of the J/ψ and ψ(2S) meson decays