Taiteilija-ammattilaiset kulttuurihyvinvoinnin toimijoina ikääntyneiden hoivayhteisöissä: kuvaileva kirjallisuuskatsaus

Artikkelissa tarkastellaan hyvinvoinnin ja ikääntyneiden hyvinvointipalvelujen kontekstissa työskentelevien ammattitaiteilijoiden toimintaympäristöjä, rooleja ja tehtäviä. Taiteen ja kulttuurin hyvinvointivaikutukset ja kulttuurihyvinvointi ovat oleellinen osa kansalaisten hyvinvointia. Sosiaali- ja terveysalojen ikääntyneitä koskevassa keskustelussa ja tutkimuksissa kulttuurihyvinvointia ammatikseen tuottava taiteilija jää kuitenkin usein taka-alalle. Tässä kuvailevassa kirjallisuuskatsauksessa näkökulma taiteilijan ammatilliseen toimijuuteen on subjektikeskeinen ja sosiokulttuurinen. Tutkimuksessa haluttiin saada selville, millaisiin ilmiöihin taiteilija-ammattilaiset on liitetty hyvinvoinnin toiminta-alueella ja ikääntyneiden hyvinvointipalveluissa sekä minkälaisia toimintaympäristöjä, rooleja ja tehtäviä ammattitaiteilijoille on esitetty. Tutkimusaineistoksi valikoitui käytettyjen valintakriteereiden perusteella 11 kansainvälistä tutkimusartikkelia. Analyysimenetelmänä oli laadullinen sisällönanalyysi. Tulosten mukaan työelämän ja ammatin muutos johtaa taiteilijoita erilaisiin yhteisöihin. Muutos on yhteydessä taiteilijoiden ammatti-identiteetteihin. Yhteisöjen toimintajärjestelmät ja -kulttuurit sekä resursoivat että rajoittavat taiteilijoiden ammatillista toimijuutta. Ikääntyneiden hoivayhteisöissä ammattitaiteilijat ovat muutostoimijoita ja työkäytäntöjen uudistajia. Heidän ammatillisen osaamisensa ytimessä korostuvat kunnioittava ja arvostava vuorovaikutus, läsnäolevuus ja kohtaaminen. Tutkimus luo pohjaa jatkotutkimukselle taiteilijoiden ammatillisista käytännöistä ja työn tekemisen tavoista iäkkäiden hoivayhteisöissä.

Taiteilijoiden työote ja ammatillisten identiteettien neuvottelut ikääntyneiden hoivayhteisöissä

Ikääntyneiden hoivayhteisöt ja niissä kulttuurihyvinvointitoimintaa harjoittavat taiteilijat ja heidän ammatillinen toimintansa ovat sosiaalipedagogisesti kiinnostava empiirinen ilmiökenttä. Tällä tutkimuksella ilmiökenttään rakennetaan teorian ja käytännön välistä yhteyttä. Artikkelissa tarkastellaan taiteilijoiden työotetta ja ammatillisten identiteettien neuvotteluja. Tutkimus pohjautuu sosiaalipedagogisen työotteen jäsennykseen sekä subjektikeskeiseen, sosiokulttuuriseen näkökulmaan ammatillisesta toimijuudesta. Tutkimuksessa kysytään, kuinka sosiaalipedagoginen työote ilmenee hoivayhteisöissä työskentelevien taiteilijoiden työssä ja millainen merkitys työotteella on heidän ammatillisten identiteettiensä neuvotteluissa. Aineisto koostuu 14 taiteilijan teemahaastatteluista. Analyysissa hyödynnetään sosiaalipedagogisen työotteen teoreettista jäsennystä, kuitenkin aineistoa kuunnellen. Tulosten mukaan sosiaalipedagogisen työotteen ominaispiirteet ilmenevät monipuolisesti taiteilijoiden työssä. Kohtaaminen ja työskentely ikääntyneiden asukkaiden kanssa saa taiteilijoita määrittelemään uudelleen identiteettejään kuten arvojaan, asenteitaan ja motivaatioitaan. Uudelleenmäärittely ilmenee paitsi suhteessa omaan työhön, myös suhteessa omaan vanhuuteen, elämän tarkoituksellisuuteen ja työssäjaksamiseen. Tutkimus nostaa näkyville kehollisuuden keskeisenä, taiteilijoiden työtä läpileikkaavana teemana ja merkityksellisenä osana työotetta.This study examines artists’ working approach and negotiations of their professional identities in the care homes for older people. The study is based on the social pedagogical working approach and the subject-oriented, socio-cultural perspectiveon professional agency. The study asks how the social pedagogical approach manifests in artists’ work and what significance the approach has in the negotiations of their professional identities. The study material consisted of 14 focused interviews and was analyzed using theory-bound content analysis. According to the results, the social pedagogical working approach manifests in various ways in the artists’ work. Encountering and working with elderly residents makes artists redefine their identity as well as their values, attitudes, and motivations. The results highlight corporealityas a central theme that cuts through the artists’ work and as a meaningful part of the working approach

Aspects of the ecology of the earthworm Eisenia lucens (Waga 1857) studied in the field and in laboratory culture

This work relates data from field sampling of Eisenia lucens and from laboratory-based culture. Field sampling used soil sorting and vermifuge extraction and took place in beech-dominated forests of southwest Poland. Initial work derived population estimates from four sub-communities of the forest looking for seasonal dynamics and later work employed targeted sampling in summer within rotting wood to obtain live specimens for laboratory culture. A preliminary examination within and below rotten wood during winter was also undertaken. In the laboratory, clitellate earthworms were kept at 20 °C, the substrate changed every 6 months, and the population examined. Cocoons were incubated individually at 15 °C, with number of hatchlings per cocoon and the mass of each determined. Hatchlings were grown at 15 °C in field-collected wood and compared with growth in a 1:1 volume ratio of wood and horse manure. Further hatchlings were fed with horse manure only (at 10 °C) and after 19 weeks, half were transferred to 15 °C. In the field, mature individuals varied significantly (p < 0.01) in biomass between 2 sampling sites where found, with an overall mean density across sites of 4.14 ± 3.53 m with a mean biomass of 2.21 ± 1.93 g m . Numbers in soil varied over the sampling period, with a suggestion that this species moves from mineral soil to organic-rich dead wood as conditions permit. In summer, all life stages were recovered from rotting wood above the mineral soil. Sampling in winter found cocoons in rotting wood below snow. These hatched rapidly (within 2 weeks) when taken to the laboratory. Laboratory culture allowed maintenance of a population for 2 years. Mean cocoon mass was 50.6 mg with a mean of 2.9 hatchlings per cocoon and hatchling mass was inversely proportional to number per cocoon. Growth with 50% horse manure was significantly greater (p < 0.001) than with wood. Increased temperature from 10 to 15 °C brought more significantly (p < 0.05) rapid growth. To culture this species through its life cycle, a natural substrate is needed, but then it is necessary to acclimate the animals to something more easily obtainable. More work is needed from field sampling to fully understand the seasonal dynamics of this species, which utilises different parts of the soil profile throughout the year

Global data on earthworm abundance, biomass, diversity and corresponding environmental properties

14 p.Earthworms are an important soil taxon as ecosystem engineers, providing a variety of crucial ecosystem functions and services. Little is known about their diversity and distribution at large spatial scales, despite the availability of considerable amounts of local-scale data. Earthworm diversity data, obtained from the primary literature or provided directly by authors, were collated with information on site locations, including coordinates, habitat cover, and soil properties. Datasets were required, at a minimum, to include abundance or biomass of earthworms at a site. Where possible, site-level species lists were included, as well as the abundance and biomass of individual species and ecological groups. This global dataset contains 10,840 sites, with 184 species, from 60 countries and all continents except Antarctica. The data were obtained from 182 published articles, published between 1973 and 2017, and 17 unpublished datasets. Amalgamating data into a single global database will assist researchers in investigating and answering a wide variety of pressing questions, for example, jointly assessing aboveground and belowground biodiversity distributions and drivers of biodiversity change

Global data on earthworm abundance, biomass, diversity and corresponding environmental properties

Publisher Copyright: © 2021, The Author(s).Earthworms are an important soil taxon as ecosystem engineers, providing a variety of crucial ecosystem functions and services. Little is known about their diversity and distribution at large spatial scales, despite the availability of considerable amounts of local-scale data. Earthworm diversity data, obtained from the primary literature or provided directly by authors, were collated with information on site locations, including coordinates, habitat cover, and soil properties. Datasets were required, at a minimum, to include abundance or biomass of earthworms at a site. Where possible, site-level species lists were included, as well as the abundance and biomass of individual species and ecological groups. This global dataset contains 10,840 sites, with 184 species, from 60 countries and all continents except Antarctica. The data were obtained from 182 published articles, published between 1973 and 2017, and 17 unpublished datasets. Amalgamating data into a single global database will assist researchers in investigating and answering a wide variety of pressing questions, for example, jointly assessing aboveground and belowground biodiversity distributions and drivers of biodiversity change.Peer reviewe

Global data on earthworm abundance, biomass, diversity and corresponding environmental properties

Earthworms are an important soil taxon as ecosystem engineers, providing a variety of crucial ecosystem functions and services. Little is known about their diversity and distribution at large spatial scales, despite the availability of considerable amounts of local-scale data. Earthworm diversity data, obtained from the primary literature or provided directly by authors, were collated with information on site locations, including coordinates, habitat cover, and soil properties. Datasets were required, at a minimum, to include abundance or biomass of earthworms at a site. Where possible, site-level species lists were included, as well as the abundance and biomass of individual species and ecological groups. This global dataset contains 10,840 sites, with 184 species, from 60 countries and all continents except Antarctica. The data were obtained from 182 published articles, published between 1973 and 2017, and 17 unpublished datasets. Amalgamating data into a single global database will assist researchers in investigating and answering a wide variety of pressing questions, for example, jointly assessing aboveground and belowground biodiversity distributions and drivers of biodiversity change

Variability of diagnostic criteria and treatment of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome across European countries

The aim of the surveys conducted by the Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome Working Group of the ESPN was to study the possible variability of treatment in Europe at different stages of the disease by means of questionnaires sent to members of the Working Group. Four surveys have been completed: treatment of the first flare, treatment of the first relapse and the issue of steroid dependency, use of rituximab, and the management of steroid-resistant patients. A uniform treatment of the first flare was applied in only three countries, and ten additional centers have adopted one of the three main protocols. Reported treatment of the first relapse was relatively uniform, whereas the use of additional immunosuppressants in steroid dependency was widely variable. Rituximab had already been used in hundreds of patients, although the formal evidence of efficiency in steroid dependency was relatively recent at the time of the survey. The definition of steroid resistance was variable in the European centers, but strikingly, the first-line treatment was uniform throughout the centers and included the combination of prednisone plus calcineurin antagonists. Conclusion: The variability in the approach of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome is unexpectedly large and affects treatment of the first flare, strategies in the case of steroid dependency, as well as the definitions of steroid resistance.What is Known:• Steroids and immunosuppressants are the universal treatment of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.What is New:• The variability of treatments and strategy of treatment in European centers of pediatric nephrology