Optimization of Propane Compressor Capacity and Flow Rate in Refrigeration System

Plant X  requires pressurized gas in the refrigeration system unit, which plays an important role in the smooth operation of the production system. This is because propane gas is used as a support for the main operating system in the manufacture of LPG. More precisely as a cooling medium for tools called Chiller and Sub-Cooler. To obtain the pressurized propane gas, a screw compressor type positive displacement compressor is used. Propane Compressor C-440 A has a function, namely to circulate propane gas which is used to cool or lower the temperature of hydrocarbon gas. Considering the important role of the Propane Compressor C-440 A screw compressor, it is necessary to optimize it to determine the performance of the compressor. Optimization steps need to be carried out to find the most effective and efficient operating conditions. By lowering the suction temperature and increasing the rotational speed of the rotor. The reference parameter is that the targeted capacity has increased by 9%, resulting in the actual calculation of 30614.40 cfm and optimization of 30902.03 cfm. The mass flow rate is targeted to increase by 4%, resulting in an actual calculation of 627.92 lbm/min and an optimization of 654.80 lbm/min. With this, it can be calculated that the economic value is 26.89 lbm/min

Evaluasi Neraca Massa Kolom Deethanizer di Unit Gas Plant

Gas Plant Unit in company X engaged in energy in Balikpapan has a design capacity of 560 tons/day. This unit serves to produce propane gas (C3H8) and butane (C4H10) to become LPG products. The Deethanizer column is a Light End fractionation unit that separates Ethane compounds from Propane and Butane at operating temperature resulting in LPG products that meet the specifications. The researcher's goal is to obtain the actual mass balance calculation and the flow rate of the process—the method used from retrieving data on operating conditions directly to the industry and performing calculations. The Deetanizer column is composed of 40 sieve trays, the entry feed of the 20th tray operates at the mass flow rate of the Deethanizer column feed of 5949,184 kg/hour, the flow rate of LPG products is 3428,334 kg/hour, and the mass flow rate of gas overhead is 150,186 kg/hour so that there is an actual % loss of 39,84%, this is because this unit should be time to be repaired. However, this does not affect the products produced, which can be seen from laboratory tests on LPG product samples.ABSTRAKGas Plant Unit diperusahaan X yang bergerak dibidang energi di Balikpapan mempunyai kapasitas desain 560 ton/hari. Unit ini berfungsi untuk memproduksi gas propane (C3H8) dan butana (C4H10) sehingga menjadi produk LPG. Kolom Deethanizer adalah unit fraksinasi Light Ends yang berfungsi untuk memisahkan senyawa Ethana dari Propana dan Butana dengan proses destilasi bertekananan sehingga menghasilkan produk LPG yang memenuhi spesifikasi. Tujuan peneliti untuk mendapatkan perhitungan neraca massa aktual serta laju alir proses. Metode yang digunakan dari pengambilan data kondisi operasi langsung ke industri serta melakukan perhitungan. Kolom Deetanizer tersusun dari 40 buah sieve tray, umpan masuk dari tray ke-20, beroperasi pada laju alir massa umpan kolom Deethanizer sebesar 5949,184 kg/jam, laju alir produk LPG sebesar 3428,334 kg/jam dan laju alir massa overhead gas sebesar 150,186 kg/jam sehingga diperoleh % yield aktual 57.62 dan % losses aktual sebesar 39,84%, hal ini disebabkan karena unit ini seharusnya sudah waktunya untuk di perbaiki. Namun hal ini tidak berpengaruh terhadap produk yang dihasilkan, hal ini dapat dilihat dari hasil uji Laboratorium mengenai Sampel Produk LPG

PENGARUH PERSEPSI HARGA DAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN KONSUMEN

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memberi gambaran sejauh mana hubungan antara pengaruh Persepsi Harga dan Kualitas Pelayanan terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen di restoran Foresthree. Persepsi Harga dan Kualitas Pelayanan merupakan salah satu hal yang penting bagi restoran untuk mendapatkan keunggulan dengan restoran pesaing. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menyebarkan kuesioner sebanyak 100 lembar untuk mendapatkan data primer dari data responden konsumen Forethree kuesioner. Hasil analisis penelitian menggunakan aplikasi pengolahan data SPSS dengan hasil analisis regresi Y = 3,998 + 0,291 X1+ 0,475 X2, dimana variabel X1 sebesar 0,291 dan variabel X2 sebesar 0,475. Ini menunjukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh positif Persepsi Harga dan Kulaitas Pelayanan terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen. Hasil Uji f kedua variabel X1(Persepsi Harga) dan X2 (Kualitas Pelayanan) diperoleh nilai f hitung = 43,430 dengan tingkat signifikansi 0,00. Karena nilai probabilitas signifikan lebih kecil dari nilai signifikasi uji (0,00 < 0,05) berarti variabel kedua variabel berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen

PROTOTYPE SISTEM BUKA TUTUP PINTU OTOMATIS PADA LIFT 3 LANTAI BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLER ATMEGA 8535

ABSTRACT PROTOTYPE AUTOMATIC DOORS OPEN CLOSE SYSTEM ON THE LIFT 3 FLOOR MICROCONTROLER BASED ATMEGA 8535 ( 2015 : 62 Maps + List Images + List Tables + Attachments ) M ARIF NURRAHMAN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING STUDY PROGRAM STATE POLYTECHNIC OF SRIWIJAYA The elevator is a medium that is used as a way to deliver human / object to a room that is at a higher level. This final report presents the workings of the automatic door open close system in the lift 3 floors Microcontroller based ATMEGA 8535. This Manufacture also aims to develop again prototypes lift on subjects Microprocessor Interface Engineering Practice. In general, driver lift use one motors 12V DC Power Window equipped with gear box. Driver door and access into the lift on each floor using 5V DC motors amounted to 6 pieces and relay driver circuit as motor drivers. The existence of the position in the train on each floor using 3 Proximity sensor. How it works PLC devices provide output data on DC power window motors that move the space lift. When the space lift moves and stops at the desired floor, then microcontroller will provide output data that drive the DC motor in the doors lift. For the indication system, the doors lift fitted limit switch that is connected to the microcontroller. The function of the limit switch is a sensor for the door to the lift stops. It can be concluded that the prototype of this automatic door can be used as a basis if one wants to make a real automatic doors

Entrepreneurship Development of Women Farmers Luhur Lestari Group in RT 01 RW 02 Cipicung Village, Baleendah District, Bandung Regency

The main objective of the entrepreneurship development program at KWT Luhur Lestari is to utilize the potential of existing resources into productive activities that add value to the family economy. The first program was carried out by improving organic waste management, namely composting waste as well as urban farming with the organic tower garden (OTG) method. The second program was to improve culinary business skills in processing crops, especially cassava. So far, most of the crops are sold raw to collectors at low prices or processed into traditional foods. The method applied in implementing this community empowerment program is the participatory approach method, which means that partners are involved in every stage of the activity. The activities carried out are improving food processing skills, training in simple financial administration, and online marketing. Improvement of skills is done by the direct practice of making food so that the food has a good taste, is more interesting, creative, halal and thayyib (good for body health). This empowerment program has succeeded in increasing the entrepreneurship of “sublime sustainable” KWT members. KWT “sublime sustainable” has created a business division, whose members are active in entrepreneurship. Furthermore, assistance is carried out through discussions to overcome obstacles, evaluation of business activities, and food diversification. This empowerment has improved the family economy and KWT. Keywords: empowerment, OTG, entrepreneurshi

Cooling Tower Performance Efficiency in Water Treatment Unit at PT. X Sukowati

PT X Sukowati is one of the oil and gas industries that operates in the upstream sector, precisely in the oil and gas production process. The purpose of the research is to evaluate the efficiency of the Cooling Tower at PT X Sukowati, and whether it is still feasible to use in the process of cooling the engine to the poorboy and compressor. The research method used is qualitative because this method includes observation, literature study, interviews, and field orientation to obtain data related to the efficiency performance process of the Cooling Tower. Then the analysis is carried out by comparing the design data with the operating conditions of the Cooling Tower. The Cooling Tower works using the counter flow principle of water entering the water flow outlet, sprinkled with a nozzle from a sprinkle head that rotates above the PVC filler. The problem that often occurs in the Cooling Tower is the growth of moss in the cooling water pond. This is maintained by giving algae as much as 600 ml per day to the cooling water pond. The average efficiency value obtained at the Cooling Tower is 59.12%. This result shows that the Cooling Tower can still function properly. The efficiency value is better than the design data efficiency of 50%

PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MANAJEMEN WIRAUSAHA UNTUK PEDAGANG KAKI LIMA DI LINGKUNGAN KAMPUS UNISBA

Keberadaan para pedagang kaki lima yang berjualan di sekitar kampus unisba saat ini sedikit mengganggu kenyamanan dan kebersihan lingkungan kampus. Walaupun demikian, keberadaan pedagang kaki lima tersebut telah memberikan alternatif bagi mahasiswa Unisba untuk mendapatkan makanan dan minuman selain  di kantin  kampus atau di koperasi mahasiswa. Pengamatan awal menunjukkan bahwa cara berdagang yang mereka lakukan tidak berubah dari waktu ke waktu, padahal mereka sudah berjualan bertahun-tahun bahkan puluhan tahun. Manajemen usaha yang sangat sederhana menyebabkan usaha tidak berkembang secara signifikan. Kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatan kemampuan manajemen wirausaha dari para pedagang kaki lima tersebut sehingga mereka dapat mengelola usahanya dengan lebih baik dan usahanya dapat berkembang secara signifikan.Pengabdian pada masyarakat ini dilakukan dengan memberikan pelatihan dan pendampingan mengenai manajemen usaha, meliputi manajemen produksi, manajemen keuangan sederhana, manajemen produksi, dan pemasaran. Untuk mengurangi kejenuhan peserta pelatihan, pelatihan tidak dilakukan dalam kelas. Selain itu juga dilakukan inisiasi pembentukan paguyuban pedagang untuk memudahkan koordinasi dan komunikasi antar pedagang atau antara pedagang dengan pihak lain. Hasil kegiatan ini menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan pada pemahaman para pedagang mengenai cara mengelola usaha mereka dan sebagian besar peserta pelatihan merasa puas dengan pelaksanaan pelatihan yang dilakukan. Para pedagang mengharapkan kegiatan serupa dilakukan secara rutin dengan materi pelatihan yang berbeda sehingga kemampuan mereka semakin bertambah

PENDUGAAN AKUIFER BERDASARKAN METODE GEOLISTRIK RESISTIVITY DI PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT KABUPATEN BUNGO PROVINSI JAMBI

Penelitian ini dilakukan pada lahan perkebunan kelapa sawit yang berlokasi di Perentih Luweh, Kabupaten Bungo, Jambi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memetakan distribusi vertikal nilai tahan jenis dari material batuan serta mengevaluasi keterdapatan formasi pembawa air tanah untuk keperluan pembuatan sumur produksi dan Eksplorasi geofisika menggunakan metode geolistrik resistivitas konfigurasi dipol-dipol dengan panjang lintasan 200 meter dan spasi elektroda sebesar 20 meter. Data yang didapat kemudian diolah menggunakan perangkat lunak RES2DINV. Variasi nilai resistivitas dari hasil inversi berkisar dari nilai 0 – 12650 Ωm. Nilai resistivitas 0 – 463 Ωm mampu menunjukkan indikasi jenis litologi batuan lempung basah serta air tanah diatas permukaan. Lapisan akuifer yang potensial di daerah ini terdapat pada jarak 120 – 170 meter dengan kedalaman 18.5 – 27.5 meter bmt dengan nilai tahanan jenis 0,5-100 ohm-meter

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London