Declaraciones de enfermeras hospitalarias de la década del ochenta: ayuda para la comprensión de la enfermería actual

This study is part of a more extensive project that aims to rescue significant aspects related to the evolution of nursing care from 1950s until 1990s.This study was developed using the technique of oral declaration by active and retired registered nurses, in the context of a school-hospital from the interior of the São Paulo State. The present study particularizes the outcomes regarding to 1980s. As result becomes evident the undertaken effort by nurses in the struggle for profession's recognition and prestige; intense and deep transformations related to nurse's new roles as leadership of the nursinf staff and members of the medical team.Este estudo é parte de um projeto mais amplo que visa resgatar aspectos significativos relacionados à evolução da assistência de enfermagem nas décadas de 50 a 90. Este resgate é feito através da técnica de depoimentos orais de enfermeiros em exercício e aposentados, no contexto de um Hospital Escola do interior paulista. O presente estudo particulariza os resultados obtidos, referentes à década de 80. Como resultado evidencia-se o esforço empreendido pelos enfermeiros na luta pelo reconhecimento e prestígio da profissão, as transformações intensas e profundas aos novos papéis da enfermeira enquanto líder e membro da equipe médica.El estudio es parte de um projecto más ámplio con el intento de rescatar aspectos significativos relacionados a la evolución de la asistencia de enfermería en las décadas de 50 a 90. La capitación se há realizado a traves de la técnica de depoimentos orales de los enfermeros en ejercício de la profesión, en le contexto de un Hospital Escuela del interior del Estado de São Paulo. El presente estudio particulariza los resultados obtenidos, referentes a la década de 80. Como resultados se evidencian el esfuerzo imprimido por las enfermeras en la lucha por el reconocimiento y prestigio de la profésion. Las transformaciones intensas y profundas relacionadas a los nuevos roles de la enfermera como líder de los trabajadores de enfermería y miembro del grupo de la Salud

Genome-wide methylation analysis identifies genes silenced in non-seminoma cell lines

Silencing of genes by DNA methylation is a common phenomenon in many types of cancer. However, the genome wide effect of DNA methylation on gene expression has been analysed in relatively few cancers. Germ cell tumours (GCTs) are a complex group of malignancies. They are unique in developing from a pluripotent progenitor cell. Previous analyses have suggested that non-seminomas exhibit much higher levels of DNA methylation than seminomas. The genomic targets that are methylated, the extent to which this results in gene silencing and the identity of the silenced genes most likely to play a role in the tumours’ biology have not yet been established. In this study, genome-wide methylation and expression analysis of GCT cell lines was combined with gene expression data from primary tumours to address this question. Genome methylation was analysed using the Illumina infinium HumanMethylome450 bead chip system and gene expression was analysed using Affymetrix GeneChip Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 arrays. Regulation by methylation was confirmed by demethylation using 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine and reverse transcription–quantitative PCR. Large differences in the level of methylation of the CpG islands of individual genes between tumour cell lines correlated well with differential gene expression. Treatment of non-seminoma cells with 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine verified that methylation of all genes tested played a role in their silencing in yolk sac tumour cells and many of these genes were also differentially expressed in primary tumours. Genes silenced by methylation in the various GCT cell lines were identified. Several pluripotency-associated genes were identified as a major functional group of silenced genes

An open toolkit for tracking open science partnership implementation and impact.

Serious concerns about the way research is organized collectively are increasingly being raised. They include the escalating costs of research and lower research productivity, low public trust in researchers to report the truth, lack of diversity, poor community engagement, ethical concerns over research practices, and irreproducibility. Open science (OS) collaborations comprise of a set of practices including open access publication, open data sharing and the absence of restrictive intellectual property rights with which institutions, firms, governments and communities are experimenting in order to overcome these concerns. We gathered two groups of international representatives from a large variety of stakeholders to construct a toolkit to guide and facilitate data collection about OS and non-OS collaborations. Ultimately, the toolkit will be used to assess and study the impact of OS collaborations on research and innovation. The toolkit contains the following four elements: 1) an annual report form of quantitative data to be completed by OS partnership administrators; 2) a series of semi-structured interview guides of stakeholders; 3) a survey form of participants in OS collaborations; and 4) a set of other quantitative measures best collected by other organizations, such as research foundations and governmental or intergovernmental agencies. We opened our toolkit to community comment and input. We present the resulting toolkit for use by government and philanthropic grantors, institutions, researchers and community organizations with the aim of measuring the implementation and impact of OS partnership across these organizations. We invite these and other stakeholders to not only measure, but to share the resulting data so that social scientists and policy makers can analyse the data across projects