Validação da estratégia de silenciamento gênico visando indução de resistência a Meloidogyne incognita e Heterodera glycines em soja GM.

Nematoides parasitas de plantas representam o maior estresse biótico da agricultura, causando perdas anuais maiores que US$ 100 bilhões. Baseado nas limitações dos métodos de atuais de controle, o desenvolvimento de novas estratégias deve ser uma prioridade. Recentemente, a estratégia de silenciamento gênico, por interferência mediada por RNA dupla fita, tem-se mostrado muito promissora para o controle de nematoides. Nesse trabalho foi inserida em embriões de soja, pela técnica de biobalística, uma construção de RNAi correspondente a uma fusão de regiões de dois genes que codificam para fatores de processamento de mRNA de Heterodera glycines e Meloidogyne incognita, visando a obtenção de eventos de soja GM resistentes à esses fitonematoides. Para averiguar o efeito do silenciamento, 6 eventos GM foram desafiados com M. incognita. Seis semanas após a inoculação, as raízes das plantas foram avaliadas quanto à indução de resistência. Quando comparados ao tratamento controle, os eventos transgênicos mostraram uma redução signiricativa entre 71% a 92% no número de ovos por grama de raiz. Os eventos transgênicos não foram estatisticamente diferentes quando comparados entre si, exceto o evento GmFSMiHg ? 4IT3. Trabalhos publicados até o momento demonstram silenciamento in planta de 12 genes-alvo de Meloidogyne spp. ou Heterodera spp., resultando em redução de nematoides estabelecidos, fêmeas em desenvolvimento e/ou número de ovos de 68-95% em relação ao controle. Os resultados aqui apresentados mostram claramente a capacidade da soja transgênica em reduzir o potencial reprodutivo de M. incognita por meio de silenciamento gênico. A completa redução de M. incognita continua a ser o objetivo final, mas a redução parcial, como observado no bioensaio, pode ter aplicações importantes no controle de NFGs

Improving Chaotic Image Encryption Using Maps with Small Lyapunov Exponents

Chaos-based encryption is one of the promising cryptography techniques that can be used. Although chaos-based encryption provides excellent security, the finite precision of number representation in computers affects decryption accuracy negatively. In this paper, a way to mitigate some problems regarding finite precision is analyzed. We show that the use of maps with small Lyapunov exponents can improve the performance of chaotic encryption scheme, making it suitable for image encryption

Characterization of

ABSTRACT Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36-amino acid peptide discovered in the early 1980s that belongs to a family of peptides that includes pancreatic polypeptides (PP) and peptide YY (PYY) The use of various cloning techniques has resulted in the identification of five receptors to date (Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 4 , Y 5 , and y 6

A Computing and Detector Simulation Framework for the HIBEAM/NNBAR Experimental Program at the ESS

The HIBEAM/NNBAR program is a proposed two-stage experiment at the European Spallation Source focusing on searches for baryon number violation via processes in which neutrons convert to antineutrons. This paper outlines the computing and detector simulation framework for the HIBEAM/NNBAR program. The simulation is based on predictions of neutron flux and neutronics together with signal and background generation. A range of diverse simulation packages are incorporated, including Monte Carlo transport codes, neutron ray-tracing simulation packages, and detector simulation software. The common simulation package in which these elements are interfaced together is discussed. Data management plans and triggers are also described.Comment: Contribution to CHEP2021. Accepted for publication in the European Physical Journal (EPJ) Web of Conference

Closer vein spacing by ectopic expression of nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat proteins in rice leaves

Key message Elevated expression of nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat proteins led to closer vein spacing and higher vein density in rice leaves. Abstract To feed the growing global population and mitigate the negative effects of climate change, there is a need to improve the photosynthetic capacity and efficiency of major crops such as rice to enhance grain yield potential. Alterations in internal leaf morphology and cellular architecture are needed to underpin some of these improvements. One of the targets is to generate a “Kranz-like” anatomy in leaves that includes decreased interveinal spacing close to that in C4 plant species. As C4 photosynthesis has evolved from C3 photosynthesis independently in multiple lineages, the genes required to facilitate C4 may already be present in the rice genome. The Taiwan Rice Insertional Mutants (TRIM) population offers the advantage of gain-of-function phenotype trapping, which accelerates the identification of rice gene function. In the present study, we screened the TRIM population to determine the extent to which genetic plasticity can alter vein density (VD) in rice. Close vein spacing mutant 1 (CVS1), identified from a VD screening of approximately 17,000 TRIM lines, conferred heritable high leaf VD. Increased vein number in CVS1 was confirmed to be associated with activated expression of two nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR) proteins. Overexpression of the two NB-LRR genes individually in rice recapitulates the high VD phenotype, due mainly to reduced interveinal mesophyll cell (M cell) number, length, bulliform cell size and thus interveinal distance. Our studies demonstrate that the trait of high VD in rice can be achieved by elevated expression of NB-LRR proteins limited to no yield penalty

Single hadron response measurement and calorimeter jet energy scale uncertainty with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

The uncertainty on the calorimeter energy response to jets of particles is derived for the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). First, the calorimeter response to single isolated charged hadrons is measured and compared to the Monte Carlo simulation using proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of sqrt(s) = 900 GeV and 7 TeV collected during 2009 and 2010. Then, using the decay of K_s and Lambda particles, the calorimeter response to specific types of particles (positively and negatively charged pions, protons, and anti-protons) is measured and compared to the Monte Carlo predictions. Finally, the jet energy scale uncertainty is determined by propagating the response uncertainty for single charged and neutral particles to jets. The response uncertainty is 2-5% for central isolated hadrons and 1-3% for the final calorimeter jet energy scale.Comment: 24 pages plus author list (36 pages total), 23 figures, 1 table, submitted to European Physical Journal

Measurement of χ c1 and χ c2 production with s√ = 7 TeV pp collisions at ATLAS

The prompt and non-prompt production cross-sections for the χ c1 and χ c2 charmonium states are measured in pp collisions at s√ = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC using 4.5 fb−1 of integrated luminosity. The χ c states are reconstructed through the radiative decay χ c → J/ψγ (with J/ψ → μ + μ −) where photons are reconstructed from γ → e + e − conversions. The production rate of the χ c2 state relative to the χ c1 state is measured for prompt and non-prompt χ c as a function of J/ψ transverse momentum. The prompt χ c cross-sections are combined with existing measurements of prompt J/ψ production to derive the fraction of prompt J/ψ produced in feed-down from χ c decays. The fractions of χ c1 and χ c2 produced in b-hadron decays are also measured