Social and environmental issues of the favelas Sol Nascente and Pôr do Sol in the Federal District – 2000/2015: absences and precariousness in life space

The objective of this study was to analyze the social and environmental issues and needs in the favela integrated by the Sol Nascente and Pôr do Sol sectors, located in Ceilândia, in the Federal District, and currently considered among the highest in Brazil. These two sectors emerged from farm allotment in the 1970s and from the selling of lands without basic services or social facilities, which the inhabitants still require. The work was based on bibliographical research about the dynamics of migration and urbanization; on documentary research to obtain institutional data and on field research, to consult the opinion of administration technicians and employees from Ceilândia and the Federal District, former residents and local merchants. The results are diverse, include information on the background of the favela concerning land occupation, socioeconomic characteristics such as income, education and paid activity of the population, as well as household types and construction and environmental urban conditions.Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar os problemas e necessidades socioambientais na favela integrada pelos setores Sol Nascente e Pôr do Sol, localizada na Ceilândia no Distrito Federal e atualmente considerada entre as maiores do Brasil. Esses dois setores surgiram do loteamento das chácaras nessa região na década de 1970 e da venda dos lotes sem serviços básicos nem equipamentos sociais, dos quais os moradores ainda hoje carecem. O trabalho se apoiou em pesquisa bibliográfica sobre a dinâmica da migração e urbanização; em pesquisa documental para obtenção de dados institucionais; e em pesquisa de campo para consultar a opinião de técnicos e funcionários da administração de Ceilândia e do Distrito Federal e antigos moradores e comerciantes dos dois setores. Os resultados são diversos, e incluem dados e informações sobre o surgimento da favela com relação a forma de ocupação da terra, as características socioeconômicas, como renda, escolaridade e atividade remunerada da população, além das condições construtivas das moradias, os tipos dos domicílios e condições ambientais urbanas

OBJETIVOS E RESULTADOS DA REFORMA AGRARIA NO BRASIL. ESTUDO DE CASO DO ASSENTAMENTO CANUDOS EM GOIÁS

The aim of this paper is to present the main results obtained from the Brazilian Agrarian Reform, in the last democratic governments. For that purpose, the institutional aims of the National Plans I and II of the Agrarian Reform, in the country, are exposed, in which are contained the expected results from the National Policy of the Agrarian Reform. This initial part of the national general results was carried out on the basis of institutional information. Additionally, was also carried out a field research at the Assentamento Canudos, located at the Goiás State, in order to know the life conditions and the social and productive activities from settled families and establish if the Agrarian Reform aims are being retrieved, according to the interviewed families. The main conclusions of the research show that the life conditions of the land reform settlers have improved significantly, as they managed to build their houses, produce food for their subsistence and some products for commercialization. However, not every agrarian reform aim was achieved and, according to the oficial treatment given to the plans and programs in the last years and the decrease of the social movements actions for the land, this national initiative shows weakening and must be strengthened.Este artigo tem por objetivo mostrar os principais resultados obtidos pela Reforma Agrária no Brasil nos últimos governos democráticos e para tal propósito apresenta os objetivos institucionais dos Planos Nacionais I e II da Reforma Agrária no país, na medida em que neles estão contidos os resultados esperados da Política Nacional de Reforma Agraria. Esta parte inicial de resultados gerais nacionais foi realizada com base em informações institucionais. Adicionalmente foi realizada pesquisa de campo no Assentamento Canudos localizado no Estado de Goiás, com o fim de conhecer as condições de vida e as atividades sociais e produtivas das famílias assentadas e estabelecer dessa maneira se os objetivos da Reforma Agraria estão sendo obtidos segundo a opinião das próprias famílias entrevistadas. As principais conclusões da pesquisa de campo mostram que as condições de vida dos assentados têm melhorado significativamente porque conseguiram construir as suas moradias, produzir alimentos para a sua subsistência e alguns produtos para comercialização. Entretanto não todos os objetivos da Reforma Agrária têm sido cumpridos e de acordo com o tratamento oficial dado aos planos e programas nos últimos anos e a diminuição das ações dos movimentos sociais pela terra, esta iniciativa nacional mostra enfraquecimento e deve ser fortalecida

The impact of shadow banking on the implementation of Chinese monetary policy

This paper empirically analyses the relationship between the shadow banking system and implementation of monetary policy in China using the VECM methodology. We show that an increase in the size of shadow banking sector increases the independence of bank lending from the policies of the People Bank of China. We also find that Shadow Banking works in an asymmetric fashion in that it amplifies increases in the money supply but weakens the effects of restrictive interest rate-based monetary policy decisions

Cross section measurements of 155,157Gd(n, γ) induced by thermal and epithermal neutrons

© SIF, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019Neutron capture cross section measurements on 155Gd and 157Gd were performed using the time-of-flight technique at the n_TOF facility at CERN on isotopically enriched samples. The measurements were carried out in the n_TOF experimental area EAR1, at 185 m from the neutron source, with an array of 4 C6D6 liquid scintillation detectors. At a neutron kinetic energy of 0.0253 eV, capture cross sections of 62.2(2.2) and 239.8(8.4) kilobarn have been derived for 155Gd and 157Gd, respectively, with up to 6% deviation relative to values presently reported in nuclear data libraries, but consistent with those values within 1.6 standard deviations. A resonance shape analysis has been performed in the resolved resonance region up to 181 eV and 307 eV, respectively for 155Gd and 157Gd, where on average, resonance parameters have been found in good agreement with evaluations. Above these energies and up to 1 keV, the observed resonance-like structure of the cross section has been analysed and characterised. From a statistical analysis of the observed neutron resonances we deduced: neutron strength function of 2. 01 (28) × 10 - 4 and 2. 17 (41) × 10 - 4; average total radiative width of 106.8(14) meV and 101.1(20) meV and s-wave resonance spacing 1.6(2) eV and 4.8(5) eV for n + 155Gd and n + 157Gd systems, respectively.Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio

Time-of-flight and activation experiments on 147Pm and 171Tm for astrophysics

The neutron capture cross section of several key unstable isotopes acting as branching points in the s-process are crucial for stellar nucleosynthesis studies, but they are very challenging to measure due to the difficult production of sufficient sample material, the high activity of the resulting samples, and the actual (n,γ) measurement, for which high neutron fluxes and effective background rejection capabilities are required. As part of a new program to measure some of these important branching points, radioactive targets of 147Pm and 171Tm have been produced by irradiation of stable isotopes at the ILL high flux reactor. Neutron capture on 146Nd and 170Er at the reactor was followed by beta decay and the resulting matrix was purified via radiochemical separation at PSI. The radioactive targets have been used for time-of-flight measurements at the CERN n-TOF facility using the 19 and 185 m beam lines during 2014 and 2015. The capture cascades were detected using a set of four C6D6 scintillators, allowing to observe the associated neutron capture resonances. The results presented in this work are the first ever determination of the resonance capture cross section of 147Pm and 171Tm. Activation experiments on the same 147Pm and 171Tm targets with a high-intensity 30 keV quasi-Maxwellian flux of neutrons will be performed using the SARAF accelerator and the Liquid-Lithium Target (LiLiT) in order to extract the corresponding Maxwellian Average Cross Section (MACS). The status of these experiments and preliminary results will be presented and discussed as well

New measurement of the 242Pu(n,γ) cross section at n-TOF-EAR1 for MOX fuels : Preliminary results in the RRR

The spent fuel of current nuclear reactors contains fissile plutonium isotopes that can be combined with 238U to make mixed oxide (MOX) fuel. In this way the Pu from spent fuel is used in a new reactor cycle, contributing to the long-term sustainability of nuclear energy. The use of MOX fuels in thermal and fast reactors requires accurate capture and fission cross sections. For the particular case of 242Pu, the previous neutron capture cross section measurements were made in the 70's, providing an uncertainty of about 35% in the keV region. In this context, the Nuclear Energy Agency recommends in its "High Priority Request List" and its report WPEC-26 that the capture cross section of 242Pu should be measured with an accuracy of at least 7-12% in the neutron energy range between 500 eV and 500 keV. This work presents a brief description of the measurement performed at n-TOF-EAR1, the data reduction process and the first ToF capture measurement on this isotope in the last 40 years, providing preliminary individual resonance parameters beyond the current energy limits in the evaluations, as well as a preliminary set of average resonance parameters

The measurement programme at the neutron time-of-flight facility n-TOF at CERN

Neutron-induced reaction cross sections are important for a wide variety of research fields ranging from the study of nuclear level densities, nucleosynthesis to applications of nuclear technology like design, and criticality and safety assessment of existing and future nuclear reactors, radiation dosimetry, medical applications, nuclear waste transmutation, accelerator-driven systems and fuel cycle investigations. Simulations and calculations of nuclear technology applications largely rely on evaluated nuclear data libraries. The evaluations in these libraries are based both on experimental data and theoretical models. CERN's neutron time-of-flight facility n-TOF has produced a considerable amount of experimental data since it has become fully operational with the start of its scientific measurement programme in 2001. While for a long period a single measurement station (EAR1) located at 185 m from the neutron production target was available, the construction of a second beam line at 20 m (EAR2) in 2014 has substantially increased the measurement capabilities of the facility. An outline of the experimental nuclear data activities at n-TOF will be presented

Spin Correlation in tt-bar Production from pp-bar Collisions at sqrt(s)=1.8 TeV

The D0 collaboration has performed a study of spin correlation in tt-bar production for the process tt-bar to bb-bar W^+W^-, where the W bosons decay to e-nu or mu-nu. A sample of six events was collected during an exposure of the D0 detector to an integrated luminosity of approximately 125 pb^-1 of sqrt{s}=1.8 TeV pp-bar collisions. The standard model (SM) predicts that the short lifetime of the top quark ensures the transmission of any spin information at production to the tt-bar decay products. The degree of spin correlation is characterized by a correlation coefficient k. We find that k>-0.25 at the 68% confidence level, in agreement with the SM prediction of k=0.88.Comment: Submitted to PRL, Added references, minor changes to tex

Measurement of the B0_s semileptonic branching ratio to an orbitally excited D_s** state, Br(B0_s -> Ds1(2536) mu nu)

In a data sample of approximately 1.3 fb-1 collected with the D0 detector between 2002 and 2006, the orbitally excited charm state D_s1(2536) has been observed with a measured mass of 2535.7 +/- 0.6 (stat) +/- 0.5 (syst) MeV via the decay mode B0_s -> D_s1(2536) mu nu X. A first measurement is made of the branching ratio product Br(b(bar) -> D_s1(2536) mu nu X).Br(D_s1(2536)->D* K0_S). Assuming that D_s1(2536) production in semileptonic decay is entirely from B0_s, an extraction of the semileptonic branching ratio Br(B0_s -> D_s1(2536) mu nu X) is made.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures, LaTeX, version with minor changes as accepted by Phys. Rev. Let

Simultaneous measurement of the ratio B(t->Wb)/B(t->Wq) and the top quark pair production cross section with the D0 detector at sqrt(s)=1.96 TeV

We present the first simultaneous measurement of the ratio of branching fractions, R=B(t->Wb)/B(t->Wq), with q being a d, s, or b quark, and the top quark pair production cross section sigma_ttbar in the lepton plus jets channel using 0.9 fb-1 of ppbar collision data at sqrt(s)=1.96 TeV collected with the D0 detector. We extract R and sigma_ttbar by analyzing samples of events with 0, 1 and >= 2 identified b jets. We measure R = 0.97 +0.09-0.08 (stat+syst) and sigma_ttbar = 8.18 +0.90-0.84 (stat+syst)} +/-0.50 (lumi) pb, in agreement with the standard model prediction.Comment: submitted to Phys.Rev.Letter