Fast Compressive 3D Single-pixel Imaging

In this work, we demonstrate a modified photometric stereo system with perfect pixel registration, capable of reconstructing continuous real-time 3D video at ~8 Hz for 64 x 64 image resolution by employing evolutionary compressed sensing

Simultaneous real-time visible and infrared video with single-pixel detectors

Conventional cameras rely upon a pixelated sensor to provide spatial resolution. An alternative approach replaces the sensor with a pixelated transmission mask encoded with a series of binary patterns. Combining knowledge of the series of patterns and the associated filtered intensities, measured by single-pixel detectors, allows an image to be deduced through data inversion. In this work we extend the concept of a ‘single-pixel camera’ to provide continuous real-time video at 10 Hz , simultaneously in the visible and short-wave infrared, using an efficient computer algorithm. We demonstrate our camera for imaging through smoke, through a tinted screen, whilst performing compressive sampling and recovering high-resolution detail by arbitrarily controlling the pixel-binning of the masks. We anticipate real-time single-pixel video cameras to have considerable importance where pixelated sensors are limited, allowing for low-cost, non-visible imaging systems in applications such as night-vision, gas sensing and medical diagnostics

Collapsing of non-centered parameterised MCMC algorithms with applications to epidemic models

Data augmentation is required for the implementation of many MCMC algorithms. The inclusion of augmented data can often lead to conditional distributions from well-known probability distributions for some of the parameters in the model. In such cases, collapsing (integrating out parameters) has been shown to improve the performance of MCMC algorithms. We show how integrating out the infection rate parameter in epidemic models leads to efficient MCMC algorithms for two very different epidemic scenarios, final outcome data from a multitype SIR epidemic and longitudinal data from a spatial SI epidemic. The resulting MCMC algorithms give fresh insight into real life epidemic data sets

Invitation to the Table Conversation: A Few Diverse Perspectives on Integration

This article represents an invitation to the integration table to several previously underrepresented perspectives within Christian psychology. The Judeo-Christian tradition and current views on scholarship and Christian faith compel us to extend hospitality to minority voices within integration, thereby enriching and challenging existing paradigms in the field. Contributors to this article, spanning areas of cultural, disciplinary, and theological diversity, provide suggestions for how their distinct voices can enhance future integrative efforts

Single-pixel three-dimensional imaging with time-based depth resolution

Time-of-flight three-dimensional imaging is an important tool for applications such as object recognition and remote sensing. Conventional time-of-flight three-dimensional imaging systems frequently use a raster scanned laser to measure the range of each pixel in the scene sequentially. Here we show a modified time-of-flight three-dimensional imaging system, which can use compressed sensing techniques to reduce acquisition times, whilst distributing the optical illumination over the full field of view. Our system is based on a single-pixel camera using short-pulsed structured illumination and a high-speed photodiode, and is capable of reconstructing 128 × 128-pixel resolution three-dimensional scenes to an accuracy of ~3 mm at a range of ~5 m. Furthermore, by using a compressive sampling strategy, we demonstrate continuous real-time three-dimensional video with a frame-rate up to 12 Hz. The simplicity of the system hardware could enable low-cost three-dimensional imaging devices for precision ranging at wavelengths beyond the visible spectrum

The epidemiology of acromioclavicular joint excision

Background: With the development of arthroscopic procedures such as subacromial decompression (ASAD) and rotator cuff repair (RCR), it is hypothesized that there may have been a similar rise in the performance of acromioclavicular joint excision (ACJE). The purpose of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of ACJE to examine incidence, surgical technique, age, gender of patients and associated procedures in an urban population. Methods: A prospectively collected surgical database was retrospectively examined to identify patients undergoing ACJE. Associated procedures such as ASAD or RCR were determined from these records. The demographic details (age and gender) were also recorded. Results: A total of 411 ACJEs were performed over the study period (n = 216 males, n = 195 female). The overall incidence increased from 9.3 per 100,000 in 2009, to a peak of 19.6 per 1,00,000 in 2013. In 349 patients, ACJE was undertaken as part of an arthroscopic procedure, of which 332 were ASAD+ACJE alone. The prevalence of arthroscopic ACJE in ASADs was 23.7% (349/1400). ACJE was performed as an open procedure in 62 (15%) cases. Those undergoing open ACJE were younger than those undergoing an arthroscopic procedure (mean difference 6.2 years, 95% CI 3.2-9.2, p < 0.001). Conclusions: We demonstrate an increasing incidence of ACJE in the general population. The groups of patients most likely to undergo ACJE are women aged between 45 and 54 years old, men aged 55-64 years and the most socioeconomically deprived. The higher incidence of ACJE in the most deprived socioeconomic quintile may have public health implications. Level of Evidence: II; retrospective design: prognosis study

A tutorial introduction to Bayesian inference for stochastic epidemic models using Approximate Bayesian Computation

Likelihood-based inference for disease outbreak data can be very challenging due to the inherent dependence of the data and the fact that they are usually incomplete. In this paper we review recent Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) methods for the analysis of such data by fitting to them stochastic epidemic models without having to calculate the likelihood of the observed data. We consider both non-temporal and temporal-data and illustrate the methods with a number of examples featuring different models and datasets. In addition, we present extensions to existing algorithms which are easy to implement and provide an improvement to the existing methodology. Finally, R code to implement the algorithms presented in the paper is available on https://github.com/kypraios/epiABC

Perceiving and Remembering Routine Action: Fundamental Micro‐Level Origins

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/94528/1/joms1078.pd

Effect of permissive dehydration on induction and decay of heat acclimation, and temperate exercise performance

Purpose: It has been suggested that dehydration is an independent stimulus for heat 32 acclimation (HA), possibly through influencing fluid-regulation mechanisms and increasing 33 plasma volume (PV) expansion. There is also some evidence that HA may be ergogenic in 34 temperate conditions and that this may be linked to PV expansion. We investigated: i) the 35 influence of dehydration on the time-course of acquisition and decay of HA; ii) whether 36 dehydration augmented any ergogenic benefits in temperate conditions, particularly those related to PV expansion. Methods: Eight males (VO2max: 56.9(7.2) mL·kg-1 ·min-1 37 ) undertook 38 two HA programmes (balanced cross-over design), once drinking to maintain euhydration 39 (HAEu) and once with restricted fluid-intake (HADe). Days 1, 6, 11 and 18 were 60 min exercise- 40 heat stress tests (HST [40°C; 50%RH]), days 2-5 and 7-10 were 90 min, isothermal-strain 41 (Tre~38.5°C), exercise-heat sessions. Performance parameters (VO2max, lactate threshold, 42 efficiency, peak power output [PPO]) were determined pre and post HA by graded exercise test 43 (22°C; 55 %RH). Results: During isothermal-strain sessions hypohydration was achieved in 44 HADe and euhydration maintained in HAEu (average body mass loss -2.71(0.82)% vs. - 45 0.56(0.73)%, P<0.001), but aldosterone concentration, power output and cardiovascular strain 46 were unaffected by dehydration. HA was evident on day 6 (reduced end-exercise Tre [- 0.30°C(0.27)] and exercise heart rate [-12(15) beats.min-1 47 ], increased PV [+7.2(6.4)%] and sweat-loss [+0.25(0.22) L.hr-1 48 ], P<0.05) with some further adaptations on day 11 (further reduced end-exercise Tre [-0.25(0.19)°C] and exercise heart rate [-3(9) beats.min-1 49 ], P<0.05). 50 These adaptations were not notably affected by dehydration and were generally maintained 7- 51 days post HA. Performance parameters were unchanged, apart from increased PPO (+16(20) 52 W, irrespective of condition). Conclusions: When thermal-strain is matched, permissive 53 dehydration which induces a mild, transient, hypohydration does not affect the acquisition and 54 decay of HA, or endurance performance parameters. Irrespective of hydration, trained 55 individuals require >5 days to optimise HA

Social innovation, social enterprise, and local public services: undertaking transformation?

This article discusses some of the challenges encountered in embedding effective and sustainable social enterprise and social innovation within established political institutional systems to deliver local welfare services. It draws upon evidence analyzing social innovation and social enterprise in Scotland to contribute to the debate over whether social innovations and social enterprises are able to meet expectations in addressing the significant challenges faced by welfare systems. The article clarifies the meaning of both these contested concepts and explains how social innovation and social enterprise relate to similar ideas in social and public policy. The evidence suggests that actually operating social enterprises and social innovations do not embrace the image of them promoted by enthusiasts as either “entrepreneurial” or “innovative”. Furthermore, they bring distinctive challenges in delivering local welfare services, including potential tensions or rivalry with existing public agencies. The article suggests that social enterprises and social innovations are not themselves instigators nor catalysts for systemic change, but that their impact is constrained by structural conditions and institutional factors beyond their control