Intergenerational Contact as a Moderator Between Perceptions of Aging and Sedentary Behaviors

Engaging in high levels of sedentary behavior leads to increased health problems and a decreased quality of life in adults aged 75 and older. Negative perceptions of aging are shown to increase sedentary behavior time. Simultaneously reducing negative perceptions of aging and sedentary behavior time aligns with the need to improve the quality of life in old to oldest–old adults and reduce the projected burden of healthcare to come with population aging. Despite the significant role intergenerational contact has in reducing negative perceptions of aging, little research has examined the moderating role of intergenerational contact between negative perceptions of aging and sedentary behavior time. Allport’s contact theory was the theoretical framework for this study, in which the relationship between intergenerational contact, negative perceptions of aging, and sedentary behaviors in adults aged 75 and over were investigated. Quantitative data were collected from a sample size of 70 using a cross–sectional web–based, mail–in, and in–person survey. The findings showed a positive and significant influence of intergenerational contact in moderating the relationship between negative perceptions of aging and sedentary behaviors in adults aged 75 and over. Future research stemming from this study should include the mediating role of intergenerational contact in the relationship between negative perceptions of aging and sedentary behavior. Addressing sedentary behavior through lifespan interventions may support positive social change by decreasing implicit and explicit attitudes toward aging, therefore improving health and quality of life in older adults

Alien Registration- Shirreffs, Margaret C. (Rockland, Knox County)

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Fitness professionals’ knowledge and perceptions on hydration and fluid intake: a preliminary study

This descriptive study examined the extent of hydration knowledge and fluid intake pattern in people who work within fitness industry. Fourty fitness professionals were asked to complete a questionnaire about their perspectives on hydration, thirst and fluid intake pattern. Water was the most preferred drink before (75.0%), during (72.5%) and after exercise (60.0%) as well as generally during the day (75.0%). Most participants rated plain tap water and plain bottled mineral water as excellent sources of water for human body, whereas colas or lemonade and chocolate drinks were rated as a poor source of water. To conclude, the fitness professionals generally demonstrated substantial knowledge about the timing and benefits of fluid replacement, hydration status monitoring and the health consequences of water consumption, but lack understanding on the type of beverages that adequately hydrate the body.Keywords: thirst; fluid balance; fluid intake; personal trainers; knowledge

Assessing hydration status and reported beverage intake in the workplace

The aim was to examine the hydration status of adults working in different jobs at the beginning and end of a shift and their reported water intake. One hundred and fifty-six subjects (89 males, 67 females) were recruited from workplaces within the local area (students, teachers, security, office, firefighters, catering). A urine sample was obtained at the start and end of the shift and was analyzed for osmolality (Uosm), specific gravity (USG), and sodium and potassium concentrations. Euhydration was considered Uosm <700 mOsmol/kg or USG <1.020. At the end of the shift, subjects were asked to report all water intake from beverages during the shift. Females had lower Uosm than males at the start (656 [range, 85-970] vs 738 [range, 164-1090] mOsmol/kg) and end (461 [range, 105-1014] vs 642 [range, 130-1056] mOsmol/kg; P <.05) of their working day. Fifty-two percent of individuals who appeared hypohydrated at the start of the shift were also hypohydrated at the end. Reported water intake from beverages was greater in males compared with females (1.2 [range, 0.0-3.3] vs 0.7 [range, 0.0-2.0] L, respectively; P <.0001). In conclusion, a large proportion of subjects exhibited urine values indicating hypohydration, and many remained in a state of hypohydration at the end of the shift

Voluntary water intake during and following moderate exercise in the cold

Exercising in cold environments results in water losses, yet examination of resultant voluntary water intake has focussed on warm conditions. The purpose of the study was to assess voluntary water intake during and following exercise in a cold compared to a warm environment. Ten healthy males (22±2 years, 67.8±7.0 kg, 1.77±0.06 m, V˙O2peak 60.5±8.9 ml.kg-1.min-1) completed two trials (7-8d). In each trial subjects sat for 30 minutes before cycling at 70% V˙O2peak (162±27W) for 60 minutes in 25.0±0.1°C, 50.8±1.5% relative humidity (RH) (warm) or 0.4±1.0°C, 68.8±7.5% RH (cold). Subjects then sat for 120 minutes at 22.2±1.2°C, 50.5±8.0% RH. Ad libitum drinking was allowed during the exercise and recovery periods. Urine volume, body mass, serum osmolality and sensations of thirst were measured at baseline, post-exercise and after 60 and 120 minutes of the recovery period. Sweat loss was greater in the warm trial (0.96±0.18 l v 0.48±0.15 l) (p0.05). Ad libitum water intake adjusted so that similar body mass losses occurred in both trials. In the cold there appeared to a blunted thirst response

The effects of high-intensity intermittent exercise compared with continuous exercise on voluntary water ingestion

Water intake occurs following a period of high intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) due to sensations of thirst yet this does not always appear to be caused by body water losses. Thus, the aim was to assess voluntary water intake following HIIE. Ten healthy males (22±2y, 75.6±6.9kg, V˙O2peak 57.3±11.4ml.kg-1.min-1) (mean±SD) completed two trials (7-14d apart). Subjects sat for 30min then completed an exercise period involving 2min of rest followed by 1min at 100%V˙O2peak repeated for 60min (HIIE) or 60min continuously at 33%V˙O2peak (LO). Subjects then sat for 60min and were allowed ad libitum water intake. Body mass was measured at start and end of trials. Serum osmolality, blood lactate and sodium concentrations, sensations of thirst and mouth dryness were measured at baseline, post-exercise and after 5, 15, 30 and 60min of recovery. Vasopressin concentration was measured at baseline, post-exercise, 5 and 30min. Body mass loss over the whole trial was similar (HIIE: 0.77±0.50; LO: 0.85±0.55%) (p=0.124). Sweat lost during exercise (0.78±0.22 v 0.66±0.26 l) and voluntary water intake during recovery (0.416±0.299 v 0.294±0.295 l) (p<0.05) were greater in HIIE. Serum osmolality (297±3 v 288±4mOsmol.kg-1), blood lactate (8.5±2.7 v 0.7±0.4mmol.l-1), serum sodium (146±1 v 143±1mmol.l-1) and vasopressin (9.91±3.36 v 4.43±0.86pg.ml-1) concentrations were higher after HIIE (p<0.05) and thirst (84±7 v 60±21) and mouth dryness (87±7 v 64±23) also tended to be higher (p=0.060). Greater voluntary water intake after HIIE was mainly caused by increased sweat loss and the consequences of increased serum osmolality mainly resulting from higher blood lactate concentrations

Effect of fluid restriction on hydration status in man.

Hydration status and the effects of hypohydration have been the topic of much public and scientific debate in recent years. While many physiological responses to hypohydration have been studied extensively, the subjective responses to hypohydration have largely been ignored. The present investigation was designed to investigate the physiological responses and subjective feelings resulting from 13, 24 and 37 h of fluid restriction (FR) and to compare these with a euhydration (EU) trial of the same duration in fifteen healthy volunteers. The volunteers were nine men and six women of mean age 30 (sd 12) years and body mass 71.5 (sd 13.4) kg. Urine and blood samples were collected and subjective feelings recorded on a 100 mm verbally anchored questionnaire at intervals throughout the investigation. In the EU trial the subjects maintained their normal diet. Body mass decreased by 2.7 (sd 0.6) % at 37 h in the FR trial and did not change significantly in the EU trial. Food intake in the FR trial (n 10) provided an estimated water intake of 487 (sd 335) ml and urinary losses (n 15) amounted to 1.37 (sd 0.39) litres. This is in comparison with an estimated water intake of 3168 (sd 1167) ml and a urinary loss of 2.76 (sd 1.11) litres in the EU trial. Plasma osmolality and angiotensin II concentrations increased from 0-37 h with FR. Plasma volume decreased linearly throughout the FR trial amounting to a 6.2 (sd 5.1) % reduction by 37 h. Thirst increased from 0-13 h of FR then did not increase further (P>0.05). The subjects reported feelings of headache during the FR trial and also that their ability to concentrate and their alertness were reduced

Electrolyte supplementation during severe energy restriction increases exercise capacity in the heat

PURPOSE. This study examined the effects of sodium chloride and potassium chloride supplementation during 48-h severe energy restriction on exercise capacity in the heat. METHODS. Nine males completed three 48-h trials: adequate energy intake (100 % requirement), adequate electrolyte intake (CON); restricted energy intake (33 % requirement), adequate electrolyte intake (ER-E); and restricted energy intake (33 % requirement), restricted electrolyte intake (ER-P). At 48 h, cycling exercise capacity at 60 % V˙V˙O2 peak was determined in the heat (35.2 °C; 61.5 % relative humidity). RESULTS. Body mass loss during the 48 h was greater during ER-P [2.16 (0.36) kg] than ER-E [1.43 (0.47) kg; P < 0.01] and CON [0.39 (0.68) kg; P < 0.001], as well as greater during ER-E than CON (P < 0.01). Plasma volume decreased during ER-P (P < 0.001), but not ER-E or CON. Exercise capacity was greater during CON [73.6 (13.5) min] and ER-E [67.0 (17.2) min] than ER-P [56.5 (13.1) min; P < 0.01], but was not different between CON and ER-E (P = 0.237). Heart rate during exercise was lower during CON and ER-E than ER-P (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS. These results demonstrate that supplementation of sodium chloride and potassium chloride during energy restriction attenuated the reduction in exercise capacity that occurred with energy restriction alone. Supplementation maintained plasma volume at pre-trial levels and consequently prevented the increased heart rate observed with energy restriction alone. These results suggest that water and electrolyte imbalances associated with dietary energy and electrolyte restriction might contribute to reduced exercise capacity in the heat