Furanoflavones pongapin and lanceolatin B blocks the cell cycle and induce senescence in CYP1A1-overexpressing breast cancer cells

© 2018 Elsevier Ltd Expression of cytochrome P450-1A1 (CYP1A1) is suppressed under physiologic conditions but is induced (a) by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) which can be metabolized by CYP1A1 to carcinogens, and (b) in majority of breast cancers. Hence, phytochemicals or dietary flavonoids, if identified as CYP1A1 inhibitors, may help in preventing PAH-mediated carcinogenesis and breast cancer. Herein, we have investigated the cancer chemopreventive potential of a flavonoid-rich Indian medicinal plant, Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre. Methanolic extract of its seeds inhibits CYP1A1 in CYP1A1-overexpressing normal human HEK293 cells, with IC50 of 0.6 µg/mL. Its secondary metabolites, the furanoflavonoids pongapin/lanceolatin B, inhibit CYP1A1 with IC50 of 20 nM. Although the furanochalcone pongamol inhibits CYP1A1 with IC50 of only 4.4 µM, a semisynthetic pyrazole-derivative P5b, has ∼10-fold improved potency (IC50, 0.49 μM). Pongapin/lanceolatin B and the methanolic extract of P. pinnata seeds protect CYP1A1-overexpressing HEK293 cells from B[a]P-mediated toxicity. Remarkably, they also block the cell cycle of CYP1A1-overexpressing MCF-7 breast cancer cells, at the G0-G1 phase, repress cyclin D1 levels and induce cellular-senescence. Molecular modeling studies demonstrate the interaction pattern of pongapin/lanceolatin B with CYP1A1. The results strongly indicate the potential of methanolic seed-extract and pongapin/lanceolatin B for further development as cancer chemopreventive agents

Buchwald–Hartwig Reactions of Monohaloflavones

The article describes the amination of different monobromoor monochloroflavones with primary and secondary alkylamines and aniline derivatives by Buchwald–Hartwig reaction. The influence of the phosphine ligands used is described. The use of amino acid derivatives as a nitrogen source is also demonstrated. This latter reaction allows the synthesis of unique flavone–amino-acid conjugates

Nanotechnology Patent Applications and Section 3(d) of Indian Patents Act, 1970: An Empirical Research

392-401Nanotechnology is an evolving branch of science. It is one of the most promising and radical new technological frontiers. Being a hybrid of chemistry and engineering, nanotechnology holds some peculiarities that cause special problems for the application of Patent Law. India looks forward to develop in every field of Science and Technology including nanotech, and aspires to hold Intellectual Property rights in it. In 2016, India ranked 3rd in the nanotechnology publications after China and USA. The patenting process in nanotechnology is there but yet to increase in favour of domestic applications at the Indian Patent Office coupled with the lack of Indian case law on the subject makes the discussion on the Indian patent regime and nanotechnology most pertinent. Indian Patent Law when applied to the field of nanotechnology raises a number of concerns and difficulties in terms of grant of patent. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully consider whether the Indian Patent System offers a favourable environment for the growth of nanotech industry by motivating patent protection in India. In this research paper, the authors have addressed one specific issue that is of the impact of Section 3(d) of the Indian Patent Act, 1970 on the nanotechnology patent applications in India. The authors propose an amendment in Section 3(d) of the Indian Patent Act, 1970 and some steps that the patent office could take to promote nanotechnology patenting in India and in turn aid the nanotechnology industry growth in India

Yonishaithilya (Perineal Laxity) - A Comprehensive Review

Yonishaithilya is a common gynecological problem of women of contemporary era which has very important impact on female’s sexual function. This must not be taken lightly as they can adversely affect the quality of woman’s life. As per Brihatrayi, Yonishaithilya represents as a symptom of Mahayoni Yonivyapada, Vatala Yonivyapada, Phalini Yonivyapada and Karnini Yonivyapada, not as a separate disease. Etiology, sign, symptoms and treatment of Yonishaithilya resembles with perineal laxity. Perineal laxity is the condition where there is loosening of supporting structure of female pelvis, thereby allowing the descent of one or more pelvic organ through the lax vaginal introitus. Data Source: Brihatrayees and Laghutrayees, also from all contemporary textbooks, Relevant journals and Websites; Review method: Literary review; Objective:. This review article summarizes details of Yonishaithilya, current scientific researches and elaborates the various therapeutic procedure and drug formulations suggested in Ayurveda for the treatment of Yonishaithilya. Scope and Conclusion: Ayurveda gives various Panchakarma and Sthanik chikitsa like local application of Pichu, Snehana Swedana which are economical, easy and nonsurgical; many single plants; herbal formulations used traditionally which gives an eminent result in Yonishaithilya. Untreated Yonishaithilya may produces complications like pelvic organ prolapse, urinary incontinence and may convert into 2nd or 3rd-degree prolapse where conservative treatment is not beneficial. In some cases, a patient has been advised for a hysterectomy but the patient is reluctant to undergo surgery. So, it is preferred to try Ayurvedic medicine which may be the step to avoid hysterectomy. So, it is necessary to treat it as early as possible

Relationship between Human Rights and Copyright Law: Bibliometric Analysis

15-20Human rights are the paramount rights of the human race. Yet they are highly dynamic, much like the times we live in. With the change in human society, the regulations must change to suit the needs as well. This article analyses how Human Rights and Intellectual Property Rights, specifically copyrights are integral to each other when read together. The primary issue is the collision between copyright and the human right of free speech. The article discusses in detail how copyrights form a human right and the need for them to be recognized as the same. The nuance of free speech and copyrights in the internet domain and the need to account for the publisher‟s independence and IPR rights has been discussed. The article attempts to understand the reasons for copyright violations while exercising the human right of free speech and the possible legal solutions to this problem. The purpose of the article is to dig out all the research in this respect and to make the concept clear for future researchers. This bibliometric analysis is implemented using the Scopus and Web of Science repositories