出産後4年間の1経産婦の身体活動量の推移

報告Report【目的】出産後の母親の育児負担を身体活動から検討する目的で本研究を行った。【方法】事例は28歳の1回経産婦。第2子出産時における第1子の年齢は2歳9ヵ月。身体活動量の測定はライフコーダを使用し、出産後1～2年目は毎月、3～4年目は3ヵ月毎に平日4日間装着した。測定項目は歩数、運動量、総消費量、身体活動レベル時間分布であった。【結果】平均歩数(歩/日)は1年目5,388歩に対し2年目移行は7,800歩を超えた。運動量(kcal/日)は1年目97kcalに対し、2年目移行は150kcalを超えた。総消費量(kcal/日)は1,650～1,680kca1であった。身体活動レベル時間分布(分/日)は1年目微小運動が631分、ゆっくり歩行337分に対し、2年目移行は微小運動が減少、ゆっくり歩行が増加した。【結論】運動量と総消費量から事例の身活動強度はレベルIであるが、1年目の歩数は平均的主婦、2年目移行は日本人女性の平均歩数に匹敵した

Very Early Development of Nucleus Taeniae of the Amygdala

Ikebuchi M, Nanbu S, Okanoya K, Suzuki R, Bischof H-J. Very Early Development of Nucleus Taeniae of the Amygdala. Brain Behavior And Evolution. 2013;81(1):12-26.The avian nucleus taeniae of the amygdala (TnA) corresponds to part of the mammalian medial amygdala. Like its mammalian counterpart, it has been shown to be involved in the control of social function. According to behavioral observations, such control is already necessary early in the ontogenetic development of a bird. If so, TnA should be one of the earliest differentiating brain structures of the telencephalon. Our anatomical study shows that TnA can already be delineated at posthatching day one. The volume of TnA exhibits a growth spurt between days 1 and 8 posthatch, developing at a faster rate than the entire telencephalon. Our results suggest that between days 1 and 8 the growth of neuropil exceeds the enhancement of neuron number (leading to a decrease of cell density), and an addition at the same pace of new neurons and neuropil thereafter. A plateau is reached at posthatch day 30. The development of TnA precedes that of the song control nuclei and is similar to the early growth of thalamic and telencephalic sensory areas. This adds to the idea that this structure may already be involved in social control at the time of hatching. A proximate cause of the early development of TnA might be the direct afference from the olfactory bulb. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Base