Metastasis to the finger of oral floor squamous cell carcinoma: A case report

When cetuximab is used, diagnosing finger metastasis can be difficult due to the side effects of paronychia and color changes of nails. Finger metastasis may be a marker of multiple metastasis; therefore, it can lead to a poor prognosis

Ecological study of three hydrozoan species associated with three different nassariid gastropod species in the Seto Inland Sea

広島県竹原市近海において潮間帯に生息する腹足類アラムシロにエボシクラゲ属の1種，潮下帯に生息する腹足類ムシロガイ，キヌボラにそれぞれタマクラゲ，ミサキアミネウミヒドラのポリプが共生し，これらの調査期間中の共生率はそれぞれ9.1%，93.8%，83.8％であることが明らかとなった。これらの組合せには例外がみられず，宿主特異性は高かった。エボシクラゲ属の1 種の生殖体は6，9月，タマクラゲは8月のみ出現していたが，ミサキアミネウミヒドラは4–7，9，11，12月と頻繁に出現していた。また，ムシロガイ，キヌボラに比べて，アラムシロが底質中に潜行している時間は長い傾向が認められた。3種のポリプのうち，エボシクラゲ属の1種のみ厚い囲皮を備えるが，この形態は宿主が潮間帯に生息するため，干出による乾燥への適応であるかもしれない。また，このことが本種の共生率が低い原因の一つとして考えられる。Polyps of three hydrozoan species associated with three gastropod species of the family Nassariidae were observed in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan: (1) Leuckartiara sp. with Nassarius festivus occurring in the intertidal zone as well as (2) Cytaeis uchidae with N. livescens and (3) Stylactaria misakiensis with N. japonicus occurring in the sublittoral zone. Each hydrozoan species was highly host-specific, without any exceptional combination. The host utilization rates of the three hydrozoan species were markedly different; as such, the host utilization rate of Leuckartiara sp. occurring in the intertidal zone was less than 10%, whereas that of C. uchidae and S. misakiensis occurring in the subtidal zone ranged from 84% to 94%. Sexual reproduction was limited to summers in Leuckartiara sp. and C. uchidae, but it occurred yearround in S. misakiensis. The burying behavior of host shells differed among the three species; specifically, the intertidal N. festivus was buried in the sediments for over 20 h a day, while the subtidal C. uchidae and S. misakiensis were buried for less than 7 h a day. The ecological differences among the examined hydrozoan species associated with specific nassarrid hosts likely strengthen their niche segregation

Nitrogen uptake pattern of dry direct-seeded rice and its contribution to yields in northeastern Japan

ABSTRACTDry direct-seeded rice (DDSR) cultivation is expected to reduce production costs compared with transplanted rice (TPR); however, its low N use efficiency (NUE) has hindered cost reduction. We conducted DDSR field experiments for 3 years using a standard cultivar (‘Akitakomachi’) and a high-yielding cultivar (‘Yumiazusa’) grown with a single application of coated urea (CU) or split applications of normal urea (NU) to determine factors limiting yield and NUE and compared growth and yields of TPR grown in adjacent fields. DDSR yield was lower than that of TPR at comparable N levels by 11% due to low fertilizer recovery rate, crop NUE (CNUE, yield per unit N uptake), and poor grain filling by meteorological factors. Crop N uptake at maturity in DDSR was similar to or even greater than that in TPR, but poor vegetative growth in DDSR and low crop N uptake until panicle formation (PF) resulted in limited spikelet density and CNUE compared with TPR. Analysis of the N uptake pattern suggests that enhancing early leaf development can improve N uptake until PF and thus CNUE in DDSR. NU yielded as much as CU, so it can potentially reduce the cost of production because of its lower price, but the optimal N proportion and application stage in the split application needs scrutinizing. ‘Yumiazusa’ had better initial growth, CNUE, and yield than ‘Akitakomachi’ in DDSR. To leverage these traits for further yield improvements, we also need to consider suitable phenological characteristics to ensure favorable climatic conditions during the grain-filling period