282 research outputs found
DNA Double Strand Breaks and Chromosomal Translocations Induced by DNA Topoisomerase II
DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) are the most cytotoxic lesions of those occurring in
the DNA and can lead to cell death or result in genome mutagenesis and chromosomal
translocations. Although most of these rearrangements have detrimental effects for
cellular survival, single events can provide clonal advantage and result in abnormal
cellular proliferation and cancer. The origin and the environment of the DNA break or
the repair pathway are key factors that influence the frequency at which these events
appear. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie the formation of chromosomal
translocations remain unclear. DNA topoisomerases are essential enzymes present in
all cellular organisms with critical roles in DNA metabolism and that have been linked
to the formation of deleterious DSBs for a long time. DSBs induced by the abortive
activity of DNA topoisomerase II (TOP2) are “trending topic” because of their possible
role in genome instability and oncogenesis. Furthermore, transcription associated TOP2
activity appears to be one of the most determining causes behind the formation of
chromosomal translocations. In this review, the origin of recombinogenic TOP2 breaks
and the determinants behind their tendency to translocate will be summarized.Spanish Ministry of Science and Universities BFU2016-76446-P, RYC-2014-1666
DNA Double Strand Breaks and Chromosomal Translocations Induced by DNA Topoisomerase II
Copyright © 2019 Gómez-HerrerosDNA double strand breaks (DSBs) are the most cytotoxic lesions of those occurring in the DNA and can lead to cell death or result in genome mutagenesis and chromosomal translocations. Although most of these rearrangements have detrimental effects for cellular survival, single events can provide clonal advantage and result in abnormal cellular proliferation and cancer. The origin and the environment of the DNA break or the repair pathway are key factors that influence the frequency at which these events appear. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie the formation of chromosomal translocations remain unclear. DNA topoisomerases are essential enzymes present in all cellular organisms with critical roles in DNA metabolism and that have been linked to the formation of deleterious DSBs for a long time. DSBs induced by the abortive activity of DNA topoisomerase II (TOP2) are “trending topic” because of their possible role in genome instability and oncogenesis. Furthermore, transcription associated TOP2 activity appears to be one of the most determining causes behind the formation of chromosomal translocations. In this review, the origin of recombinogenic TOP2 breaks and the determinants behind their tendency to translocate will be summarized.FG-H laboratory is funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Universities (BFU2016-76446-P, RYC-2014-16665
Propuesta didáctica para la enseñanza de pronunciación a adolescentes en el aula de ELE : el tratamiento de los fonemas oclusivos con estudiantes anglófonos
El presente trabajo pretende aportar una propuesta didáctica que sirva como referencia a la hora de abordar la enseñanza de la pronunciación a adolescentes anglófonos. Para lograr este objetivo, ofrecemos un estudio previo en el que tratamos el papel de la pronunciación en la enseñanza de ELE, cómo abordarlo tomando como base el Análisis contrastivo y el Método Verbo-Tonal para la corrección fonética de los fonemas oclusivos del español, y qué influencia ejerce el adolescente como alumno meta en su aplicación didáctica.Máster en Enseñanza del Español como Lengua Extranjer
La planeación estratégica como herramienta para el mejoramiento de la Asociación Nacional de Música Sinfónica
Ingeniero (a) IndustrialPregrad
Efecto modulador del sulfuro de hidrógeno en el metabolismo basal en Cavia porcellus (cuy) normales
Evalúa el efecto modulador del H2S a 80 ppm sobre el metabolismo basal en Cavia porcellus (cuy) normales. Para ello mide el consumo de oxígeno y producción de dióxido de carbono del Cavia porcellus (cuy) normales inmediatamente antes y después de la exposición al sulfuro de hidrógeno. Para luego determinar los cambios histológicos a nivel de tejido pulmonar, cardiaco y renal, y los niveles de hemoglobina entre los grupos experimentales (control, experimental y gold estándar).Tesi
GANBA: Generative Adversarial Network for Biometric Anti-Spoofing
Acknowledgments: Alejandro Gomez-Alanis holds a FPU fellowship (FPU16/05490) from the
Spanish Ministry of Education and Vocational Training. Jose A. Gonzalez-Lopez also holds a Juan
de la Cierva-Incorporación fellowship (IJCI-2017-32926) from the Spanish Ministry of Science and
Innovation. Furthermore, we acknowledge the support of Nvidia with the donation of a Titan X GPU.Data Availability Statement: The ASVspoof 2019 datasets were used in this study. They are publicly
available at https://datashare.ed.ac.uk/handle/10283/3336 (accessed on 5 December 2021).Automatic speaker verification (ASV) is a voice biometric technology whose security
might be compromised by spoofing attacks. To increase the robustness against spoofing attacks,
presentation attack detection (PAD) or anti-spoofing systems for detecting replay, text-to-speech and
voice conversion-based spoofing attacks are being developed. However, it was recently shown that
adversarial spoofing attacks may seriously fool anti-spoofing systems. Moreover, the robustness of the
whole biometric system (ASV + PAD) against this new type of attack is completely unexplored. In
this work, a new generative adversarial network for biometric anti-spoofing (GANBA) is proposed.
GANBA has a twofold basis: (1) it jointly employs the anti-spoofing and ASV losses to yield very
damaging adversarial spoofing attacks, and (2) it trains the PAD as a discriminator in order to make
them more robust against these types of adversarial attacks. The proposed system is able to generate
adversarial spoofing attacks which can fool the complete voice biometric system. Then, the resulting
PAD discriminators of the proposed GANBA can be used as a defense technique for detecting both
original and adversarial spoofing attacks. The physical access (PA) and logical access (LA) scenarios of
the ASVspoof 2019 database were employed to carry out the experiments. The experimental results
show that the GANBA attacks are quite effective, outperforming other adversarial techniques when
applied in white-box and black-box attack setups. In addition, the resulting PAD discriminators are
more robust against both original and adversarial spoofing attacks.FEDER/Junta de Andalucía-Consejería de Transformación
Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades Proyecto PY20_00902PID2019-104206GB-I00 funded by MCIN/ AEI /10.13039/50110001103
Antibodies against Chlamydia pneumoniae and their relation to lymphocyte population levels
Producción CientíficaChlamydia pneumoniae infection has long been suspected as a possible cause of atherosclerosis and has been frequently detected in
atheromatous plaques of the coronary arteries. Nevertheless, its distribution is not correlated to the severity or extent of the disease, but it
would support the hypothesis that the organism may be an active factor in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. A group of patients with
stable angina were examined as to whether or not the positivity of antibodies against Chlamydia pneumoniae modified cellular
populations as mechanisms responsible for the alterations of inflammatory response. We concluded that the presence of IgG anti-C.
pneumoniae antibodies do not participate in the activation of inflammatory mechanisms that may intervene in the genesis of
atherosclerosis in patients with stable angina
Dual-Channel Speech Enhancement Based on Extended Kalman Filter Relative Transfer Function Estimation
This paper deals with speech enhancement in dual-microphone smartphones using
beamforming along with postfiltering techniques. The performance of these algorithms relies on
a good estimation of the acoustic channel and speech and noise statistics. In this work we present
a speech enhancement system that combines the estimation of the relative transfer function (RTF)
between microphones using an extended Kalman filter framework with a novel speech presence
probability estimator intended to track the noise statistics’ variability. The available dual-channel
information is exploited to obtain more reliable estimates of clean speech statistics. Noise reduction
is further improved by means of postfiltering techniques that take advantage of the speech presence
estimation. Our proposal is evaluated in different reverberant and noisy environments when the
smartphone is used in both close-talk and far-talk positions. The experimental results show that our
system achieves improvements in terms of noise reduction, low speech distortion and better speech
intelligibility compared to other state-of-the-art approaches.Spanish MINECO/FEDER Project TEC2016-80141-PSpanish
Ministry of Education through the National Program FPU under Grant FPU15/0416
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