Olympics Legacy: the London Olympics 2012

The reasons for proposing a London 2012 bid are outlined in the light of London city planning over the past sixty years. The processes influencing the bid for the London 2012 Olympics are investigated in respect of the lessons from Barcelona and Sydney. The role of environmental and landscape improvement is examined and the importance of legacy is described and analysed. The cost of Olympiads since Sydney 2000 are described and compared. Then progress of the London 2012 Olympics development is described relative to regeneration of East London. Finally the effects of current proposals to cut back the costs of the 2012 Olympics are considered. Olympic Games play significant roles in host city’s economy as well as other outcomes such as tourism, culture, unemployment, infrastructure. However the economy can never describe the whole picture of Olympic Games’ gainnings, it is one of the most significant sign before, during and after the event. All of the expenditures have different values at different legacy levels. Although post election budget cut-backs in the United Kingdom have placed a question mark on the costs; the proposed urban legacy make the city beautiful and London East End livable

Statistical dependency parsing of Turkish

This paper presents results from the first statistical dependency parser for Turkish. Turkish is a free-constituent order language with complex agglutinative inflectional and derivational morphology and presents interesting challenges for statistical parsing, as in general, dependency relations are between “portions” of words called inflectional groups. We have explored statistical models that use different representational units for parsing. We have used the Turkish Dependency Treebank to train and test our parser but have limited this initial exploration to that subset of the treebank sentences with only left-to-right non-crossing dependency links. Our results indicate that the best accuracy in terms of the dependency relations between inflectional groups is obtained when we use inflectional groups as units in parsing, and when contexts around the dependent are employed

The incremental use of morphological information and lexicalization in data-driven dependency parsing

Typological diversity among the natural languages of the world poses interesting challenges for the models and algorithms used in syntactic parsing. In this paper, we apply a data-driven dependency parser to Turkish, a language characterized by rich morphology and flexible constituent order, and study the effect of employing varying amounts of morpholexical information on parsing performance. The investigations show that accuracy can be improved by using representations based on inflectional groups rather than word forms, confirming earlier studies. In addition, lexicalization and the use of rich morphological features are found to have a positive effect. By combining all these techniques, we obtain the highest reported accuracy for parsing the Turkish Treebank

Dependency parsing of Turkish

The suitability of different parsing methods for different languages is an important topic in syntactic parsing. Especially lesser-studied languages, typologically different from the languages for which methods have originally been developed, poses interesting challenges in this respect. This article presents an investigation of data-driven dependency parsing of Turkish, an agglutinative free constituent order language that can be seen as the representative of a wider class of languages of similar type. Our investigations show that morphological structure plays an essential role in finding syntactic relations in such a language. In particular, we show that employing sublexical representations called inflectional groups, rather than word forms, as the basic parsing units improves parsing accuracy. We compare two different parsing methods, one based on a probabilistic model with beam search, the other based on discriminative classifiers and a deterministic parsing strategy, and show that the usefulness of sublexical units holds regardless of parsing method.We examine the impact of morphological and lexical information in detail and show that, properly used, this kind of information can improve parsing accuracy substantially. Applying the techniques presented in this article, we achieve the highest reported accuracy for parsing the Turkish Treebank

EFFECT OF ISOMETRIC EXERCISES ON PAIN AND DISABILITY IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC NECK PAIN

Chronic neck pain (CBA) is one of the musculoskeletal diseases caused by different pathologies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of physical therapy and isometric exercises on pain and disability in individuals diagnosed with CBA. Forty-six patients with the diagnosis of CBA between the ages of 20-65 were included in the study. A treatment program including electrotherapy and exercises was organized. Pain levels and disability status of the patients were evaluated. Paired-t test was used for statistical analysis. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant. No significant difference was found between age, height, weight and BMI (p> 0.05). The cases showed a homogeneous distribution. When the pre- and post-treatment values of the groups were compared, pain and disability scores of the first group were significantly increased, while only the disability scores of the second group were significantly increased (p <0.05). There was no significant difference in pain scores of the second group (p> 0.05). Our study showed that physical therapy and neck isometric exercises and cervical joint opening exercises together with stretching exercises of back extensors were effective in chronic neck pain.  Article visualizations

Entrepreneurship, Professionalism and Leadership Intention of Generation Z: The Case of Kahta

Aim - This study aims to measure the level of entrepreneurship, professionalism, and leadership intention of the Z generation. This effort is to investigate whether the socio-demographic characteristics of the Z generation, such as gender, education level, work experience, family income level, the presence of entrepreneurs in the family, or the immediate vicinity, leading to significant differences on the levels of entrepreneurship, professionalism and leadership intention. Methodology – The simple random sampling method was used to collect data. A total of 563 questionnaires was collected for the study. The participants were mainly the students in high schools and vocational schools of higher education in the Adiyaman-Kahta district. SPSS 22.0 program was used to analyze the data set. Findings - Cronbach's alpha value of the scale of entrepreneurship, professionalism, and leadership intention was measured as 0.89. Moreover, non-parametric analysis methods were used to test the hypotheses of the study because the data did not show normal distribution (p <0.01). The hypotheses were analyzed with Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis H tests. Originality – The study will help the policymakers to develop projects and training programs to promote entrepreneurship in the generation Z and following generations

Philosophy of Nutrition: Past-Future Nutrition

“Back to the roots” is what we may call our experience in our researches concerning gut-brain axis. What Hippocrates, Plato, Ibn-Khaldun, Galen, and many other philosophers from antique ages suggested can be proven today with all our technological aids. The observation in the old of the link ages between nutrition and the well being of our souls, mind, and bodies was found to be true. In fact, what the ancient philosophers said about nutrition in connection with a healthy life is quite similar to what we hear in the recent years. This is a demonstration of how important it is to observe ourselves as humans. In the last researches, the connection between gut and brain and their formation of the personal mood showed the same results. Together with the mood, the spirit has also proven to be influenced by nutrition. Our industrial era put the focus right from the beginning more on feeding masses than on nurturing human kind. Leaving that aside, the doctors today concentrate more on diagnosis and their foreseen treatment than on observing and preventing dıseases. A healthy and conscious nutrition is the start of a healthy worth living lıfe. What philosophers and doctors found out hundreds of years ago should be applicable and excisable today

New Additions to Existing Built Heritage and Their Contributions to Sustainable Development: Cases from Ankara, Turkey

New additions to historic buildings are mostly required either to extend the longevity of the building or to meet the new program requirements imposed to the built heritage as part of historic preservation process. The additions might be in the form of a rooftop, front, rear, side, or basement attachment. In all cases, the question of what is a sensitive addition according to the world-wide preservation standards is to be well analyzed. This study uses data from a new survey on five case study historic mosques and khans in Ankara with new exterior or interior additions to reveal the quality, compatibility and/or incompatibility of contemporary new additions and their contributions to sustainability. Case study analysis, in-situ observations, archival and literature survey are the principle methods applied during the study. Research findings show that, the additions follow different paths; they can be differentiated from the main historic building with their massing, material, and either color, or they hinder the existing built heritage, or even damage its character-defining features. Hence, for sensitive and successful new additions, restorations should be in compatible with world-wide standards and should be well analyzed and applied by the related authorities both during project approval and restoration phases

Negation of Complicated Mirrors: An Examination of Differential Structures within the “Production of Subject” Realised through Creative Practice

This research explores new methods for practice-based research in fine art (video and multi-media installation) and in curatorial practices, residing in specific readings of Deleuze. The thesis looks into the potential presented by the mirror. Mirrors are symbolic references. Video has the capacity to be a mirror to the world; the exhibition also. Yet the mirror here is not examined as a reflection of the true ‘self’ nor is it invested in concepts of a ‘true’ mirror image of the ‘real’. Instead, the suggestion is made that a mirror pertains to an oxymoron, in which contradictory terms are combined as mirroring is recognised in terms of both “identity” and “difference”. Along these lines, reflection on negation becomes the mode of operation and the mirror maintains the reflective experience, more specifically visual thought, in place. This is why the works made and discussed pursue how the “production of the subject” unfolds representational boundaries. It is suggested that the act of being reflected must engage new ways of thinking about multiplicity of subject-positions; what it means to ‘be’ or ‘become’ and how past experiences are manifest in the present. The analysis has been formed through an examination of the transformative potential in representations for speaking about political realities today. To consider these issues, the thesis brings together a number of inter-related fields of creative practice and situates critical inquiry in methodologies that structure how the ‘subject’ manifests itself on screen. A “philosophy of practice”, linking curatorial activities and artistic works is developed through a series of philosophical reflections; artworks; curatorial activities and dialogues with different artists and theorists. The thesis seen as a whole examines these ‘encounters’ that facilitates a mirror reflection of a world “yet-to-come” through varied means for engagement which are tested in art production and theoretical and curatorial positions